Docsity
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Docsity AI
Docsity AI
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search for your university

Find the specific documents for your university's exams

Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

NR 288 PROFICIENCY EVALUATION STUDY FRAMEWORK REVISED 2026, Exams of Nursing

Princeton UniversityNursing

NR 288 PROFICIENCY EVALUATION STUDY FRAMEWORK REVISED 2026

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 12/03/2025

HighMark_Prep
HighMark_Prep 🇺🇸

5

(3)

27K documents

1 / 12

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
NR 288 PROFICIENCY EVALUATION STUDY
FRAMEWORK REVISED 2026.
⫸ Ecological Design. Ans: any form of design that minimizes
environmentally destructive impacts by integrating itself with living
processes
⫸ Ecological engineering. Ans: the development of sustainable
ecosystems
that integrate human society with its natural environment for the
benefit of both
⫸ Eco-Design. Ans: The integration of environmental aspects into
product design and development with aim of reducing adverse
environmental impacts throughout a products life.
⫸ Ecological Sanitation. Ans: A paradigm based on ecosystem
approaches and the closure of material flow cycles, including the safe
recycling of nutrients to crop production in such a way that the use of
non-renewable resources is limited.
⫸ Why are wetlands important?. Ans: -clean water by housing
massive microbial populations
-home to unique/rare species
-reduce runoff
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa

Partial preview of the text

Download NR 288 PROFICIENCY EVALUATION STUDY FRAMEWORK REVISED 2026 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NR 288 PROFICIENCY EVALUATION STUDY

FRAMEWORK REVISED 2026.

⫸ Ecological Design. Ans: any form of design that minimizes environmentally destructive impacts by integrating itself with living processes ⫸ Ecological engineering. Ans: the development of sustainable ecosystems that integrate human society with its natural environment for the benefit of both ⫸ Eco-Design. Ans: The integration of environmental aspects into product design and development with aim of reducing adverse environmental impacts throughout a products life. ⫸ Ecological Sanitation. Ans: A paradigm based on ecosystem approaches and the closure of material flow cycles, including the safe recycling of nutrients to crop production in such a way that the use of non-renewable resources is limited. ⫸ Why are wetlands important?. Ans: - clean water by housing massive microbial populations

  • home to unique/rare species
  • reduce runoff
  • store carbon (worlds largest carbon sink b/c of incomplete decomposition of organic matter) ⫸ Why do so many ecological design solutions mimic wetlands?. Ans: - avoid damage to nature
  • low energy/maintenance costs (decentralized+low technology)
  • can be made anywhere, with local materials and labor
  • provide habitat while regulating flooding ⫸ Technological sustainability. Ans: "innovate yourself out of any problem"
  • pros: tangible, doesn't require a paradigm shift, short term effectiveness
  • cons:"band aid' solution, high cost, unintended consequences, resource expenditure ⫸ Ecological sustainability. Ans: design sustainable alternatives to the system
  • pros: long term effectiveness, requires social change, solution oriented
  • cons: will not work if people are not on board, may require potential action ⫸ Donella Meadows reading on Envision (1994). Ans: Vision is the most vital step to a decision making process. If you don't know where you want to go, it makes little difference that great progress is made.
  • applied when there is continual reintroduction of species to allow for adaptation
  1. Acid test of ecological engineering
  • the best way to understand a system is to attempt to reassemble and repair it and adjust it to work properly
  • the ultimate test of ecological theories- the acid test of our understanding
  1. Systems approach
  • the idea of thinking about the entire ecosystem, not just one part. Using a holistic viewpoint
  1. Non-renewable resource conservation- most ecosystems are solar based systems (self sustaining). not true for other systems
  2. Biological conservation- we need to adopt approaches to solving that protect instead of destroy. ⫸ Microcosm strategies for increasing diversity. Ans: keep changing conditions (light, location, organisms) to encourage self organization. Add a wide variety of materials to ensure microbial action. ⫸ Team tasks in the Lab. Ans: - BOD

. biochemical oxygen demand- the amount of oxygen demanded by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material present in a given water sample.

  • DIN . Dissolved inorganic nitrogen- the combined amount of NH4+ (ammonium), NH3+ (ammonia), and NO3- (nitrate) in a water sample
  • SRP .Soluble reactive phosphorus-dissolved in a solution and readily available by plants. ⫸ Phototroph. Ans: gets energy from sunlight ⫸ Lithitrophs. Ans: autotrophs that acquire electrons or hydrogen atoms from inorganic molecules ex/ bacteria, archea ⫸ Heterotrophs. Ans: Organisms that depend on other organic compounds for their food. ⫸ Photosynthesis. Ans: Inputs: CO2, H20, Sunlight Outputs: O2, glucose ⫸ Aerobic respiration. Ans: inputs: chemical energy/electrons, complex organic compounds, O2 (as an electron acceptor) outputs: kinetic heat/energy, H2O, similar organic compounds

Low C:N results in mineralization (AKA ammoniafication)- excretion of N ⫸ Regulators of Ammoniafication. Ans:. Substrate quality- C:N of substrate

  • Secondary compounds
  • N forms .Microbial Activity- extracellular enzyme activity
  • supple of electron acceptors
  • temperature
  • pH ⫸ 4 Possible pathways of Ammonium. Ans: 1.Adsorbed by soil particles
  1. Transformed to NH3 (g) and volatilization
  2. Nitrification-> NO3- 4.Microbial/plant uptake - > live organic N ⫸ Nitrification. Ans: - NH4+ is converted to NO3-
  • done by microbes and bacteria
  • occurs in the aerobic water column in the soil, floodwater interface, and aerobic root zone
  • under high pH conditions, NH4+ goes to NH3 and carries out the rest of Nitrification
  • requires oxygen ⫸ Denitrification. Ans: - NO3- converted to N2 gas
  • typically occurs in low oxygen content (anaerobic zone)
  • Uses nitrate as e- acceptor w/ organic matter as e- donor
  • microbial facilitated
  • occurs in anaerobic soil layer
  • requires CO2 as an input (reason why we put decomposing leaves in the anaerobic bucket) ⫸ Phosphate rock. Ans: - A rock that contains high level of phosphorus compounds
  • humans have accelerated the weathering process through mining ---> faster input
  • formation happens in great concentrations in highly productive coastal zones, such as upwelling
  • phosphorus is a limiting nutrient in ecosystems (especially freshwater)
  • P rock is formed from sedimentary deposits formed in ocean sediments with high P concentration ⫸ Sequence of alternative e- donors. Ans: O2 = # NO3- ---> = # Mn/Fe =#3/# SO4- = #

⫸ Sorption of Phosphorus. Ans: - other anions can compete w/ phosphate for sorption sites

  • phosphate anions bind to positively charged molecules/ clay particles
  • under low pH conditions P will bind to Fe, Al
  • under high pH conditions P will bind to Ca
  • can be difficult to remove P from a system b/c it cant be released atmospherically
  • in Green machine, P binds to egg shells (Ca) and Iron oxides
  • In aerobic soils, Fe is present as Iron oxides and can readily precipitate to SRP
  • adsorption and precipitation are the only ones that could happen in green machines ⫸ Free Water Surface. Ans: - treats tertiary waste Pros: can retain large pulses of water provides wetland habitat Cons: odors+mosquitos can harbor pathogens can't treat secondary waste ⫸ Horizontal subsurface flow. Ans: - treats secondary waste by physical removal of organics (not by aeroation or clarifier)

Pros: no exposed water (good for residential areas) can tolerate colder climates Cons: Requires a filter (more expensive) tendency to clog ⫸ Vertical subsurface flow. Ans: treats secondary waste Pros: no exposed water (good for residential areas) can treat very concentrated water aerobic, so can complete nitrification Cons: requires filter and can clog ⫸ How does SRP get removed from water column of Wetland system?. Ans: - precipitation of insoluble phosphates w/ferric iron, Ca, Al, under aerobic conditions

  • adsorption of phosphates onto clay particles, organic peat, and ferric aluminum hydroxides and oxides
  • the binding of phosphorus in organic matter as a result of its incorporation into the living biomass of bacteria, algae, and vascular macrophytes.