NR 449 Week 5 Assignment; RUA; Analyzing Published Research, Assignments of Nursing

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RUA: Analyzing Published Research Guidelines Sheron Johnson Simpson Chamberlain University NR-449 Evidence Based Practice Professor: Tracy Hadler Date: April 7th

Problem The demand for nurses will continue to soar as the need has increased significantly in health care facilities due to the recent coronavirus pandemic. Today despite of the drastic death rate, there are various reported patients’ cases of coronavirus with different symptoms and various viruses. Due to the recent pandemic the workload for nurse has increased as well as the nurse-to-patient ratio, where there are less nurses and more patients to attend care daily that led to nurse burnouts. This group’s work focuses on how to prevent nurse burnout (Risks, Causes and Precautions) Limited staff was one of the leading causes for nurse burnouts and the need for patient care population the increased significantly during the pandemic. Nurses took the risks of working long shifts and neglected their roles at home as mothers and wives, which also added stress and experienced a decline in their mental health that caused them to feel overwhelmed and burn out. Added to that, nurses, did not show up for work due to the fact of taking precautions during the pandemic for the fear of contracting the virus and losing their own lives as health professionals were among the death rate of those that died during the pandemic. A study conducted in China involved 1,257 health care workers revealed that, 50% reported of depression, 45 % reported of anxiety, and 34 % reported of insomnia, while 72 % reported they were expiring stress. (Sayilan, Kulakac, Uzun, 2020) The purpose of this paper is to describe the evidence and statistics from two main articles that identify psychological stress experienced by nurses, during the COVID-19 pandemic that led to nurse’s burnout.

study, which was composed into two parts that used a study sample of 384 nurses. Questions about nurses’ socio-demographic characteristics were also in the questionnaire. While the second part mentioned nurses’ experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic (Sayilan, Kulakac, & Uzun,

2020. Moreover, the second article also used the survey methos but contained 3,537 participants and was distributed in four parts mainly; demographic questions, then followed by three validated psychometric instruments (SAQ) Safety Attitude Questionnaire, (OLBI) Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, and (HADS) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Denning et al., 2021) Moreover, article 1 and article 2 both used qualitative measures in the research. As mentioned, qualitative research aims on collecting data to understand concepts, opinions, and experiences of nurses. Participants Sayilan, Kulakac, & Uzun (2020) in the first article mentioned that the mean age of nurses in the study was 28 years old, and recorded that 75.3% were females, 63.3 % were single, and 72.2 % were nurses that held and undergraduate degree. In addition to that, Denning et al., (2021), in this second article revealed that data obtained from the United Kingdom, Singapore, and Poland where 2,544 of 3,537 participants were females, and 923 were males. This article did not focus on nurses only but all other medical personnel in the hospital. However, of the 3, participants, 1,590 were nurses. In this second article it did not consider age, but rather if the individual treated was Covid-19 patients, their gender, the days they worked in the week if they evaluated for Covid-19, the area of their specialty they have worked, and the role they played om their job. Instruments

According to Sayilan, Kulakac, &Uzun (2020) article, the research population consisted of nurses who helped fight against Covid in hospitals in Turkey. A questionnaire developed showed, the Pittsburg Quality index and the Maslach burnout inventory. A survey created using Google Form, sent through smart phones using WhatsApp messengers. While in Denning’s (2021) article, the researcher includes demographics data which includes gender, ethnicity, work survey load, professional role, and Covid-19 status. In the survey the participants demographics questioned were, the Oldenburg burnout inventory, the hospital anxiety and depression scale, and the Safety Attitude questionnaire. A google form also used to make the questionnaire and it distributed using emails and advertisement of social media. Further, the data analyzed using Stata v14, which is a psychometric instrument in which it used a complete case approval analysis. Evidence After carefully reviewing the article Sayilan, Kulakac, & Uzun, (2020) declared that nurses experienced moderate burnouts in emotional exhaustion subdimensions. Also, there was a meaningful relationship between the burnout scores and sleep quality. (Sayilan, Kulakac, & Uzun, 2020) Altogether, the study revealed that marital status is associated with burnouts, regarding perceived psychological support due to an increase percentage in emotional exhaustions depersonalization scores. The final finding was that insomnia caused an increase in burnouts. (Sayilan, Kulakac, & Uzun, 2020) However, in the second article, Denning et al. (2021) it discovered that 67% of the participants were at substantial risk for burnouts, 20 % for anxiety and 11% for depression. Looking at the information on a Venn Diagram, only 7 % met the criteria for anxiety, depression, and burnout. There were no significant relationships between the countries listed in the study, the symptoms of Covid-19, number of days worked, and

also. The mental health of nurses during the pandemic has declined due to Covid-19. In both articles it explains that mental health and social support are essential for this season of Covid-19. Mental support is vital for nurses to function effectively and provide the best care for their patients. Health administrators and managers can provide better wages, incentives, and educational opportunities to encourage more nurse to the profession to help fix the staff issues listed at present. This would also help to prevent burnouts, since they would be more staff to share the workload with increase patient care. Having psychological support for nurses on the job is also essential to help prevents burnouts. Moreover, Chen & Eyoun (2021) stated that, job insecurity was also related to job burnout and its core dimension and emotional exhaustion. Let us help our medical professional by giving support where needed to prevent burnouts.

References Chen, H., & Eyoun, K. (2021). Do mindfulness and perceived organizational support work? Fear of COVID-19 on restaurant frontline employees’ job insecurity and emotional exhaustion. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94, 102850. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.

Denning, M. Goh, E.T., Tan, B., Kanneganti, A., Almonte, M., Scott, A.… Kinross, J. (2021) Determinants of Burnouts and other aspects of psychological well-being in healthcare workers during Covid-19 pandemic. A multinational cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE 16(4): e0238666. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. National Center of Education Statistics (n.d.) Graphing Tutorial- What are independent and dependent variables? Retrieved from https;//nces.ed.gov/nceskids/help/user-guide/graph/variables.asp Sayilan, A., Kulakac, N., & Uzun, S. (2020) Burnout levels and sleep quality of Covid-19 heroes. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2020; 1-6 https://doi.org/10.111/ppc.

The quality of sleep in the pandemic evaluated using the PSQI scale and reported low sleep quality and, therefore, the importance of psychological health. (Sayilan, Kulakac, & Uzun, 2020) 2 Denning, M, Goh, E.T., Tan, B., Kanneganti, A., Almonte, M., Scott, A., Kinross, J. (2021) Determinants of burnout and other aspects of psychological well- being in healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic: A multinational cross-section study. PLOS ONE 16 (4): eo23866. To describe the prevalence and predictors of burnout, anxiety, depression in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (Denning et al., 2021) D- Burnout, Depression, anxiety in healthcare workers. I- Coronavirus pandemic Survey StudyA sample size of 2,000 participants required. (Denning et al.,

A total of 3, responses received (Denning et al.,

Multinational cross-sectional study via Google forms and Forms SG (Denning et al., 2021) 2,364 (67%) of respondents identified as being at substantial risk for burnout, while 701 and 389 met the criteria for anxiety and depression (Denning et al.,

Statistically significant factors inversely correlated with burnout which included: having

https://doi.org/10. 1/journal.pone. 66 evaluations for Covid-19 and SAQ, a score higher than 75 th^ percentile (Denning et al., 2021 An unexpected finding was the inverse relationship between staff SARS- Cov- testing and mental health (Denning et al., 2021)