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NR 503 Week 4 Midterm Definitions (Week 1-3)., Exams of Nursing

Rasmussen College - IllinoisNursing

Definitions of key terms related to epidemiology and disease surveillance. It explains the meaning of terms such as endemic, epidemic, and pandemic, and provides information on disease transmission, morbidity, mortality, risk, incidence, prevalence, mortality rates, and case-fatality rates. The document also discusses disease surveillance systems in the United States and the importance of tracking both active and passive diseases.

Typology: Exams

2021/2022

Available from 05/04/2022

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NR 503 Week 4 Midterm Definitions (Week 1-3)
Dear Class,
As we finish off week three & go into week four please remember that the Mid-Term exam is coming up.
Please go back & review content from the previous weeks:
Week One – Definitions
Epidemiology – Greek words epi, meaning on or upon; demos, meaning people, & logos, meaning the
study of. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution & determinants of health-related states or events in
specified populations & the application of this study to the control of health problems.
Disease surveillance – The principal notification system in the United Sates is the National Notifiable
Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS). This is state & local vital data for monitoring deaths from certain
infectious diseases (influenza & aids). Surveillance for chronic disease usually relies upon health care
related data (hospital discharge, surveys, mortality data from vital statistics). Tracks both active & passive
diseases. Identifies stages of the disease within an individual & the populations, measures of incidence,
attack rate, prevalence, mortality rates, case-fatality rates & years of potential life lost.
Endemic – A disease or condition regularly found among particular people or in a certain area. “Malaria
is an endemic”
Epidemic – A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. “a flu
is epidemic”
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NR 503 Week 4 Midterm Definitions (Week 1-3)

Dear Class, As we finish off week three & go into week four please remember that the Mid-Term exam is coming up. Please go back & review content from the previous weeks: Week One – Definitions Epidemiology – Greek words epi, meaning on or upon; demos, meaning people, & logos, meaning the study of. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution & determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations & the application of this study to the control of health problems. Disease surveillance – The principal notification system in the United Sates is the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS). This is state & local vital data for monitoring deaths from certain infectious diseases (influenza & aids). Surveillance for chronic disease usually relies upon health care related data (hospital discharge, surveys, mortality data from vital statistics). Tracks both active & passive diseases. Identifies stages of the disease within an individual & the populations, measures of incidence, attack rate, prevalence, mortality rates, case-fatality rates & years of potential life lost. Endemic – A disease or condition regularly found among particular people or in a certain area. “Malaria is an endemic” Epidemic – A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. “a flu is epidemic”

P&emic – Of a disease prevalent over a whole country or the world. An outbreak of a p&emic disease. Common vehicle – Refers to agents transmitted by a common inanimate vehicle (food), with multiple cases resulting from such exposure. Horizontal & vertical disease transmission Morbidity – The condition of being diseased. The rate of disease in a population. Mortality – The state of being subject to death. Death, especially on a large scale. Risk – AKA relative risk – compares the risk of a health event (diease, injury, risk factor, or death) among one group with the risk among another group. It does so by dividing the risk (incidence proportion, attack rate) in group 1 by the risk in group 2. Incidence – a measure of the probability of occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time. Although sometimes loosely expressed simply as the number of new cases during some time period, it is better expressed as a proportion or a rate with a denominator. Prevalence – Being widespread & it is distinct from incidence. It is a measurement of all individuals affected by the disease at a particular time, whereas incidence is a measurement of the number of new individuals who contract a disease during a particular period of time. The number of cases of a disease in a given time regardless of when it began. (new & old cases). Mortality rates – A measure of the frequency of occurrence of death in a defined population during a specified interval. Case-fatality rates – the proportion of people who die from a specified disease among all individuals diagnosed with the disease over a certain period of time. Disease impact

Outcome measures/study designs for epidemiological subfields such as infectious disease, chronic disease, environmental exposures, reproductive health, & genetics. False Negative – Occurs when the test incorrectly reports the absence of disease when disease is in fact present. Secondary prevention – Interventions aimed at detecting a disease early in its course. Natural history of disease – Nature of the disease & how it progresses. True positive – Occurs when the test correctly reports disease presence when disease is in fact present Week Three – Definitions Risk Relative risk – AKA risk ratio is the ratio of the probability of an event occurring (for example, developing a disease, being injured), in an exposed group to the probability of the event occurring in a comparison, non-exposed group. Risk of disease in one group versus another. Risk of developing a disease after exposure. If this number is one, it means there is no risk. R(exposed)/Risk (unexposed). Odds ratio - Is a measure of association between an exposure & an outcome. The OR represents the odds that an outcome will occur given a particular exposure, compared to the odds of the outcome occurring in the absence of that exposure. A measure of exposure & disease outcome commonly used in case control studies. If you don’t underst& how to calculate rates, need to review.