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· NR 599 Informatics Study guide
General principles of Nursing Informatics Nursing informatics is the specialty that integrates nursing science with multiple information management and analytical sciences to identify, define, manage, and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice. One of the most frequently quoted and widely accepted definitions of nursing informatics is that it is a combination of nursing science, information science and computer science · Knowledge
- All nurses have the opportunity to be involved in the formal dissemination of knowledge via their participation in professional conferences either as presenters or attendees.
- All nurses, regardless of the practice arena, must use informatics and technology to inform and support that practice. · Wisdom
- Wisdom is the application of knowledge to an appropriate situation.
- In the practice of nursing science, we expect action and/or actions directed by wisdom.
- Wisdom uses knowledge and experience to heighten common sense and insight to exercise sound judgment in practical matters. It is developed through knowledge, experience, insight and reflection. · Scientific Underpinning The scientific underpinnings of practice provide the basis of knowledge for advanced nursing practice. These scientific underpinnings include sciences such as biology, physiology, psychology, ethics, and nursing. · The Foundation of Knowledge Model According to Mastrain and McGonigle (2009), one of the most prominent models associated with nursing informatics is the Foundation of Knowledge model. This theory involves integrating four main kinds of knowledge , which are: knowledge acquisition, knowledge dissemination, knowledge generation and knowledge processing.
Knowledge acquisition : application of knowledge acquired through education, research, and practice to provide services and interventions to patients to maintain, enhance, or restore their health, and to acquire,
· Information science the science of information studying the application and usage of information and knowledge in organizations and the interfacing or interaction between people,
organizations and information systems. Integrates features from cognitive science, communication science, computer science, library science and social sciences · Informatics Competencies Have been developed to encompass all levels of practice and ensure that entry- level nurses are ready to enter the more technologically advanced field of nursing. And establish advanced competencies for specialty practice. These competencies may be used to determine the educational needs of current staff members · Information literacy Ability to recognize when info is needed as well as the skills to evaluate and use needed info effectively. this nurse can recognize significant, relevant research and know how to apply it to practice. ability to recognize when information is needed as well as the skills to find, evaluate, and use needed information effectively · Health literacy degree to which individuals can obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions · Meaningful Use use of health information technology to collect specific data with the intent to improve care, engage patients, improve population health, and ensure the privacy and security · Patient-centered Information Systems supports the use and documentation of nursing activities -provides tools for managing and delivery of nursing care -two goals: nursing functions and nursing practice Clinical Decision support systems A computer-based program designed to assist clinicians in making clinical decisions by filtering or integrating vast amounts of information and providing suggestions for clinical intervention.
-long referred to as single episode treatment
-comprised of structured and unstructured data · Human-Technology Interface The hardware and software through which the user interacts with any technology (e.g., computers, patient monitors, telephone, etc.). · Health Information Technology Management and processing of information with the assistance of computers. Computers and IT provide tools that aid data collection and the analysis associated with research to support the overall work of nurses. · Alarm fatigue You get so many alerts that you get numb to them and begin ignoring them · Digital natives Not computer smart, unable to navigate through computers easily. Lack of computer skills. · Information Literacy Competency Standards for Nursing Developed by the TIGER initiative. Three components identified: (1) information literacy, (2) computer literacy, and (3) clinical information management
- Information literacy a. Ability to identify when information is needed as well as the skills to find, evaluate, and effectively use the same b. Evaluation of online resources for quality c. Able to search literature databases effectively
- Computer literacy a. Basic familiarity with computer uses and common applications b. Ability to navigate hyperlinks c. Able to set up and use a database
- Clinical information management a. Uses clinical decision making (CDS) and system safeguards to protect patients and protected health information (PHI) b. Able to request and evaluate reports for the purpose of informed decision making c. Participate in the selection, design, and evaluation of
push for more technology to be used especially for education · TIGER-based Nursing Informatics Competencies Model The work of the Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform team. This team of nursing leaders developed a vision for utilizing information technology to transform nursing practice. Pillars of the TIGER vision include: management and leadership, education, communication and collaboration, informatics design, information technology, policy, and culture.
WEEK ONE READING/KEY POINTS
McGonigle, D. & Mastrian, K. (2018). ● Chapter 1 ○ Nursing informatics: specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, cognitive science, and information science ○ For information to be valuable & quality it must be: ■ Accessible & Utility: right user obtain right information at the right time in the right format ■ Accurate: ■ Timely: available when needed for the right purpose at the right time ■ Complete: contains all necessary essential data ■ Cost-effective ■ Flexible: information may be used for a variety or purposes ■ Reliable: authoritative or credible source ■ Relevant: subjective descriptor that has relevant information that is useful ■ Simple ■ Verifiable ■ Transparency: allows user to apply their intellect to accomplish tasks while tools housing the information disappears into the background ■ Secure ■ Reproducibility: ability to produce the same information again ● Chapter 2 ○ Data: raw facts ○ Information: processed data that has meaning
○ Data integrity: whole, complete, correct, and consistent data ○ Dirty data: database that contains errors such as duplicate, incomplete, or outdated records
● Most important software on any computer ● Very first program to load on computer start-up and is fundamental for the operation of all other software and the computer hardware ● Allows user to multitask with ease ● Described in 6 basic processes: Memory, device, processor, and storage management, application and user interface
■ Productivity software
information in a way that it can be made useful) ○ Cognitive informatics: field of study that bridges the gap in understanding how information is processed in the mind and in the computer ○ AI: field that deals with the conception, development, and implementation of informatics tools based on intelligent technologies-- uses cognitive science and computer science to replicate and generate human intelligence ● Chapter 6
○ Nursing informatics: specialty that integrates nursing science with multiple information and analytical sciences to identify, define, manage, and communicate data, information, knowledge and wisdom in nursing practice ■ NI supports nurses, consumers, patients, the interprofessional healthcare team and all other stakeholders in their decision making in all roles and settings to achieve desired outcomes ● Tools to achieve this may include EHR, barcode med admin programs, patient monitoring devices, and telehealth tools ○ DIKW paradigm: data, information, knowledge, and wisdom ■ Also known as the conceptual framework ● Data: discrete facts, describe the patient or their environment-- ex: medical dx (CHF), living status (alone) ● Information: data + meaning, answers questions such as who, what, where, when-- ex: (CHF, unspecified) (78 yo living alone) ● Knowledge: information synthesized so that relations and interactions are defined and formalized, answers questions of why or how (CHF, unspecified, living alone, 70 yo, d/c from hospital on blood thinners- indicated high risk for ADR) ● Wisdom: use of knowledge to manage and solve human problems-- ex: nurse prioritizes patient above others ○ International classification of nursing practice:initiative to standardize the language of nursing practice ■ Better communication among nurses and providers, increased visibility of nursing interventions, improved patient care, enhanced data collection to evaluate nursing care outcomes, greater adherence to standards of care, and facilitation of assessment of nursing competency ○ Knowledge worker: advanced formal education and is able to apply theoretical and analytical knowledge ■ Innovators that work to produce the foundation for organizational sustainability
● Chapter 7 ○ Advocate/policy developer ■ A nurse informatics specialist who is key to developing the infrastructure of health policy. Policy development on the local, national, and international levels is an integral part of this role. ○ Certification ■ System for validating that a nurse possesses certain skills and knowledge or is competent to complete a task. Competence and skill level are determined by or based on an external review, assessment, examination, or education. ○ Consultant ■ A person hired to provide expert advice, opinions, and recommendations based on his or her area of expertise. ○ Data ■ Raw facts that lack meaning. ○ Decision support/outcomes manager ■ Person charged with reviewing the effects of interventions suggested by the computerized decision support system. ○ Educator ■ Sage, leader, and/or guide who assists in the process or practice of learning. ○ Entrepreneur ■ Person who assumes the risks of beginning an enterprise or business and accepts responsibility for organizing and managing the organization. ○ Informatics ■ A field that integrates a specialty’s science, computer science, cognitive science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in a specialty’s practice. ○ Informatics innovator ■ One who makes enhancements or improvements and creative, novel, and inventive solutions in the informatics specialty. ○ Informatics nurse specialist ■ A registered nurse with formal, graduate education
in the field of informatics or a related field, who is considered a specialist in the field of nursing informatics. ○ Knowledge worker ■ Those who work with information and generate information and knowledge as a product. ○ Medical informatics
