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In adults aged 45 to 65 who smoke actively, does using a combination of nicotine patch and lozenge compared to using nicotine patch alone lead to smoking sensation over a period of 6 months? PICOT Statement NR505NP: Research Summary Assignment Table Follow the instructions provided in the Week 5 Assignment Guideline and Rubric to complete the information below. Use complete sentences to document findings. Select the correct table for each of the ten articles and complete the information that aligns with the type of research article selected. You may do any combination of articles. Copy and paste the tables as needed to classify your ten articles correctly.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES
Full reference for article (APA 7th Ed.Format) Theodoulou, A., Chepkin, S. C., Ye, W., Fanshawe, T. R., Bullen, C., Hartmann-Boyce, J., Livingstone- Banks, J., Hajizadeh, A., & Lindson, N. (2023). Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 6(6), CD013308. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013308.pub DOI of article/ article link 10.1002/14651858.CD013308.pub Problem-related to PICOT Smoking sensation Methods Quantitative method- The research method used in the study "Different doses, durations and modes of delivery@ of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation" published in The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews is a systematic review. Sample and Participants individuals seeking to quit smoking, with the majority involving adults Major The study systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of
10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1628_20. Epub 2021 Apr 8. PMID: 34041166; PMCID: PMC8140283. DOI of article/ article link 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1628_ Purpose and Type of Research The study by Chellappa et al. (2021) investigated the attitudes of current smokers from diverse socio-economic backgrounds regarding smoking, quitting, and tobacco control policies. Using qualitative methods such as interviews and focus groups, the researchers explored how individuals with different socio-economic statuses perceive smoking behavior, the factors that drive or hinder their attempts to quit, and their opinions on existing tobacco control measures. Through this approach, the study aimed to uncover the intricate social and psychological factors that influence smoking behavior and efforts to quit. Sample Current smokers Data Collection Method (^) Interview- qualitative method Study Findings The study found that approximately half of the participants had low nicotine dependency, with 30% categorized as moderate and 20% as high. Many individuals began smoking due to peer influence, using it as a means to socialize, and relapsed during quit attempts primarily due to work- related stress. Despite awareness of the Control of Tobacco Act, participants were uncertain of its specifics
and expressed skepticism towards government bans on tobacco production and sales, while acknowledging the potential efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy in aiding cessation efforts. Key Findings/Themes people in low socio-economic status had high nicotine dependency with inadequate knowledge on tobacco control policies Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention Patients Smoking affects there health outcome and should be encouraged my healthcare provider to stop smoking as well as offer ways to stop smoking. It’s should be looked at as a long term goal while offering immediate interventions such as a combination of long and short acting smoking sensation medications. META-ANALYSIS STUDIES Full reference for article (APA 7th Ed.Format) Shang, X., Guo, K., E, F., Deng, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Wu, Y., Xu, M., Yang, C., Li, X., & Yang, K. (2022). Pharmacological interventions on smoking cessation: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Frontiers in pharmacology, 13, 1012433. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022. DOI of article/ article link https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022. Purpose of Research Article To evaluate the efficacy of different pharmacological treatments in helping individuals quit smoking
MIXED- METHODS STUDIES Full reference for article (APA 7th Ed.Format) Gentry, S., Forouhi, N. G., & Notley, C. (2019). Are Electronic Cigarettes an Effective Aid to Smoking Cessation or Reduction Among Vulnerable Groups? A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 21(5), 602–616. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty DOI of article/ article link https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty Problem related to PICOT BARRIERS preventing smoking sensation Purpose systematically review evidence for the effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation and reduction among these vulnerable groups. Identify barriers and facilitators to e-cigarette use Sample Any age - vulnerable groups, including those who misuse substances, have a mental illness, are homeless or are involved with the criminal justice system Data Collection Method (^) Quantitative and Qualitative Key Findings/Themes/ Conclusions More research is necessary to determine which e-cigarette device types are most practical and safe, understand the level of support needed in e-cigarette interventions, and compare e-
cigarettes with the most effective methods for quitting smoking in vulnerable populations. Contribution to Review of the Literature Alternative for smoking sensation as research looked into e-cigarettes for smoking sensation QUANTITATIVE STUDIES Full reference for article (APA 7th Ed.Format) Pelekanakis, A., O'Loughlin, J. L., Gagné, T., Callard, C., & Frohlich, K. L. (2021). Initiation or cessation: what keeps the prevalence of smoking higher in Quebec than in the rest of Canada?. Initiation à l’usage du tabac ou arrêt du tabac : comment expliquer une prévalence supérieure du tabagisme au Québec en comparaison du reste du Canada?. Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice, 41(10), 306–314. https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.41.10. DOI of article/ article link https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.41.10. Problem-related to PICOT The challenges and difficulty faced in smocking sensation, why it’s so hard for individuals who smoke to stop smoking. Methods Data were drawn from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) Sample and Participants Approximately 130 000 Canadians (10 000 aged 12–17 years and 120 000 aged ≥18), including 20
Purpose and Type of Research The objective of the research was to conduct a qualitative evaluation of the perspectives on smoking, cessation, and tobacco control measures among current smokers from various socio- economic backgrounds. Sample Active smokers Data Collection Method (^) Qualitative Study Findings 50% low, 30% moderate, 20% high nicotine dependency. Peer influence initiates; work stress triggers relapse. Uncertain about tobacco control laws; skeptical of effectiveness of anti-smoking ads. Nicotine replacement therapy aids quitting. Key Findings/Themes The study found that individuals in low socio-economic status exhibit high nicotine dependency and lack sufficient understanding of tobacco control policies. They strongly advocate for personal self- control as the key to successfully quitting the habit. Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention Understanding the socio-economic background of patients is crucial for nurse practitioners as it helps them identify potential barriers to healthcare access and adherence to treatment plans. This knowledge enables nurse practitioners to tailor interventions and support services to better meet the specific needs of patients within their socio-economic context.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES
Full reference for article (APA 7th Ed.Format) Rajani, N. B., Mastellos, N., & Filippidis, F. T. (2021). Self-efficacy and motivation to quit of smokers seeking to quit: Quantitative assessment of smoking cessation mobile apps. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.2196/ DOI of article/ article link https://doi.org/10.2196/ Problem-related to PICOT Increase in technology how can cellphones be incorporated into helping patients achieve smoking sensation. Methods Quantitative Sample and Participants Eligible participants for the study were individuals aged 18 or above, fluent in English, current smokers (having smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and currently smoking at least one cigarette daily), actively attempting and motivated to quit, not utilizing alternative smoking cessation methods (such as mobile applications), without a history of using Quit Genius or Kwit apps, and not diagnosed with any mental health disorders.
care setting Sample Current smokers with at least one failed quit attempts were included Data Collection Method (^) semistructured interviews were audio-taped, then verbatim transcribed and translated when necessary. Study Findings 1) Personal and lifestyle factors: participants were unable to resist the temptation to smoke; (2) Nicotine addiction: withdrawal symptoms could not be overcome; (3) Social cultural norms: participants identified accepting cigarettes from friends as a token of friendship to be problematic; (4) Misconception: perception among smokers that ability to quit was solely based on one's ability to achieve mind control, and perception that stopping smoking will harm the body and (5) Failed assisted smoking cessation: smoking cessation services were not felt to be user-friendly and were poorly understood. The themes were organized into five concentric circles based on time frame: those actionable in the short term (themes 1 and 2) and the long term (themes 3, 4, 5). Summarize Key Findings/Themes Five main reasons why smokers struggle to quit were identified. These barriers include certain beliefs and habits. Clinicians should focus on addressing these barriers and use recommended time frames to help patients quit smoking successfully. Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Understanding these barriers is crucial for improving smoking cessation efforts, particularly in
Intervention primary care settings. The research sheds light on factors that hinder smoking cessation and provides insights that can inform strategies to support individuals in quitting smoking successfully. QUANTITATIVE STUDIES Full reference for article (APA 7th Ed.Format) Lund, M., & Kvaavik, E. (2021). Methods Used in Smoking Cessation and Reduction Attempts: Findings from Help-Seeking Smokers. Journal of smoking cessation, 2021, 6670628. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/ DOI of article/ article link https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/ Problem-related to PICOT Apart from conventional smoking cessation approaches such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), novel methods like mobile applications and e-cigarettes have been integrated into the arsenal of tools available for quitting smoking. Are my of these approaches more helpful in smoking cessation verses Combination of Nicotine patch and lozenges for smoking sensation. Methods Quantitative Sample and Participants current smokers with a plan to quit smoking or reduce their cigarette consumption. Over age 16
DOI of article/ article link https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. Problem related to PICOT What, where and how is smoking cessation introduce and discuss Purpose The goal of this study was to understand smoking cessation attitudes of parents and the behaviors, confidence and self-efficacy of pediatricians related to providing smoking cessation counseling to parents and youth. Sample sample includes pediatricians and parents Data Collection Method (^) Quantitative and qualitatively Key Findings/Themes/ Conclusions Connecticut parents who smoke express interest in quitting, yet pediatric clinicians feel more confident counseling youth than parents due to time constraints and competing priorities. Although clinicians recognize the dangers of electronic cigarettes (EC), they tend to counsel adolescents less frequently about EC compared to traditional cigarettes. Clinicians often inquire about parents' smoking habits but seldom offer smoking cessation counseling, showing limited confidence in this aspect. They are more assured in counseling youth compared to parents. Despite recognizing the hazards of electronic cigarettes, clinicians seldom
address these dangers when counseling youth. Contribution to Review of the Literature the study enriches the discussion on effective strategies for promoting smoking cessation among parents and adolescents.
