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NR602 Midterm Exam
Primary prevention- 2 types - health promotion ,specific protection efforts including lifestyle changes/choices, nutrition, and maintenance of safe environments - health promotion involves actions targeted at specific diseases, such as immunizations, anti-malarial prophylaxis, and environmental modifications (such as fluoride). - specific protection To prevent initial infection (immunizations) - primary prevention early diagnosis, prompt treatment (screening) - Secondary prevention Prevention of disease re-occurance - tertiary prevention to avoid the consequences of over treatment - quaternary care Broader and longer-lived immunity, Common side effect = fever and rash. Do not give before 1 year of age. - Live Vaccines you must give both vaccines on the same day or you have to wait 4 weeks to give the second one or neither will be effective. - live vaccines 2 doses starting at 12 months- side effects include fever 5-12 days after vaccine,should be given with the varicella vaccine - MMR
Side effect and contraindication include intussusception - Rotavirus involves administering an exogenous antibody such as immunoglobulin - Passive immunization The only product on the american market for use in infants at high risk for RSV - Palivizumab RSV prophylaxis can be given to what group of children? - premature, history of RSV, underlying heart disease vaccine that provides IgG antibodies,may fail to trigger IgA,can result in colonization or infection that can lead to issues in an epidemic - Inactivate vaccine inactivated vaccines include : - DTaP, Polio,Hib, Hep A, Hep B, HPV, Meningococcus, pneumococcus Live vaccines include - MMR ,Rotavirus,Smallpox,varicella What population receives the DtAP vaccine - younger than age 7 What population receives the tDap vaccine - 27-36 weeks/3rd trimester pregnancy, and adults every 10 years Who is advised to get the polio vaccine - immunocompromised When to give the Hep A vaccine - First dose: 12 through 23 months of age.Second dose: at least 6 months after the first dose. When to give Hep B vaccine - - 3 dose series birth, 1-2, 6-18 months
what vaccines are given to age 11-2yo - Tdap,meningococcal,HPV What vaccines are given at age 16yo - meningococcal, HPV Masks itself as iron deficient anemia - lead poisoning when is chelation therapy recommended to treat lead poisoning - if levels are higher than 45mcg/dl Most common s/s of lead poisoning - GI symptoms of pain, constipation What is the first line prophylaxis antibiotic for animal/human bites - Amoxicillin clavulanate x 7-10 days What is the first line prophylaxis antibiotic for plantar wounds - Cipro x 7-10 days ___________ are more likely to intentionally abuse over-the-counter (OTC) medications, prescribed medications, or chemicals/illicit drugs for recreation - Adolescents what are the initial newborn screenings - Rh incompatability, breastfeeding promotion, sickle hemoglobinopathies, congenital hypothyroidism, PKU, eye ointment, hip dysplasia When does colostrum come in - 2-5 days after birth Normal umbillical cord has ____arteries and _____vein - 2, Newborn vitals - RR=30-60, HR=100-
daily weight and measurements with losses up to _____% in first 2-3 days is normal - 10 Anterior fontanel cm in newborn - 2- posterior fontanel cm in newborns - 1 disconjugate gaze during the first weeks after birth are common, improving at what age - 2-4 months, resolving by 6 months Newborns can see how far - 8-12 inches True or false:Murmurs are common in the newborn period - true, they resolve in a few hours to days Systolic BP greater than ____is considered significant - 96 Newborn first stool should pass in the first ________ - 24-48 hours Perform ___________maveuvers to assess for newborn hip dislocation - Ortolani and Barlow maneuvers Newborns do not have ancreatic enzyme to break down food until ______months - 4-6 months universal hearing screening is recommended in a newborn by age _____ - 1 month well child visits should occur at which age - 2 weeks, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 8 months, 10 months, 12 months, 15 months, 18 months, 21 months, 24 months.
develop from pretend play, to parallel play, to actual play and have a desire for independence at what age - Toddler 1-4 yo puberty for girls begins typically at what age - 10 -14 yo puberty for boys begins typically at what age - 11-16 yo Narrow eyes, microphthalmia (small eyes), large epicanthal folds, microcephaly, small upper jaw, smooth groove in the upper lip, thin upper lip represent what disorder - fetal alcohol syndrome ongoing genetic disorder screening - hypothyroidism, heart disease, growth, eye exam, sleep apnea, children with genetic disorders are at high risk for - duodenal atresia fever for a child less than 3 months old is - greater than 100. 3-36 months old fever is - 102 degrees what age has the the highest prevalence of enterovirus - infants younger than 12 months incubation period for enterovirus - 3-6 days diagnostic study for enterovirus - PCR assay During the early stages of the disease, individuals should be advised against increasing their physical activity, exercising, or becoming fatigued because these factors may increase the risk of paralytic disease
Commonly spreads through person-to-person contact and fecal-oral contamination of food and water - HEP A incubation period of hepatitis A - 15-50 days Causes severe liver disease, acquired through percutaneous or per mucosal exposure to contaminated blood/serum, semen, vaginal secretions, and other bodily fluids - Hep B Hep B incubation period - 45-160 days Transmitted by contact with infected blood, blood supply products, or unsafe drug injection practices The most common route is IV drug use - Hep C Hep C incubation period - 2-6 months
