Download Sepsis, SIRS, and Septic Shock: Key Questions and Answers for Medical Professionals and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
NSB336 Sepsis Module Test Questions
With Complete Solution
What is Lactic acidosis? - Answer A biproduct from aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism resulting in inadequate tissue oxygenation, leading to ↑lactate levels. (>2 mmoll/l)
What is SIRS? - Answer systemic inflammatory response syndrome, A clinical response arising from infection. Bonus: A negative homeostatic loop, normal response to stimuli from virus and pathogens
What are the symptoms of SIRS? - Answer 1. Fever
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnoea
- Abnormal white blood cell count.
What is Sepsis? - Answer life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated response to infection.
What is Septic Shock? - Answer subset of sepsis with profound cellular, and metabolic abnormalities. Resulting in dangerously low blood pressure and organ failure.
What is Infection? - Answer The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the body, causing illness or disease.
What is a colloid solution? Provide 1 example. - Answer IV fluid contains large molecules that increase BP and circulatory volume. E.g Red pack cells
What is a crystalloid solution? Provide 1 example. - Answer IV fluid contains small molecules used for fluid replacement. E.g Normal
Saline
What is Anaerobic Metabolism? - Answer The process of producing energy without oxygen, typically results in the production of lactic acid.
What is Aerobic Metabolism? - Answer Process of producing energy with the use of oxygen.
What is an isotonic solution? Provide 1 example. - Answer Solutions with the same osmolarity as the body's cells, causing no movement of water into or out of cells. e.g Normal saline
What is a Hypertonic solution? Provide 1 example. - Answer Solutions with higher osmolarity than the body's cells, causing water to move out of cells, leading to cell shrinkage. E.g Saline 1.8%, 3% & 5%
What is a Hypotonic solution? Provide 1 example. - Answer Solutions with lower osmolarity than the body's cells, causing water to move into cells, leading to cell swelling. E.g Distilled water
What is Catabolism? - Answer The metabolic breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones which releases energy
What is Vasodilation? Impact on Bp and Blood Flow? - Answer The widening of blood vessels, decreasing BP and ↑ blood flow.
What is Vasoconstriction? Impact on Bp and Blood Flow? - Answer The narrowing of blood vessels, which ↑ BP and decreases blood flow.
What is Permeability? - Answer The property of a membrane that allows substances to pass through it.
What is Diffusion? - Answer The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What is Ventilation? - Answer The process of moving air into and out of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange.
What is Failure to Rescue? - Answer 1. where patients die as a result
Signs and Symptoms: Tachycardia, Tachypneoa, Fever or Hypothermia
How do you explain the signs and symptoms attributed to clinical deterioration in Sepsis? - Answer Sepsis results in widespread vasodilation which increases vasulcar permability and coagulation abnormalities.
a. Signs and Symptoms: Also tachycardia, Tachypneoa, Fever or Hypothermia. But now Altered Mental status, Hypotension and Oliguria
What is Oliguria? - Answer Low urine output
How do you explain the signs and symptoms attributed to clinical deterioration in Septic Shock? - Answer If IV fluid bolus is given and no change in hypotension is noted, this can result in profound vasodilation, myocardial depression, and poor organ perfusion.
a. Severe Hypotension: due to vasodilation and capillary leak
b. Tachycardia: i. Persistent compensatory response to maintain cardiac output
c. Lactic Acidosis: Switch from aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism resulting in inadequate tissue oxygenation
d. Altered Mental Status: Deterioration due to cerebral hypoperfusion and metabolic abnormalities.
What are the physiological effects of Septic Shock? - Answer 1) Vasodilation: Resulting in a Drop of Blood pressure
Maldistribution of Blood Flow: Blood gets moved back to the vital organs.
Fingers and toes do not get good supply, meaning oxygen isn't being distributed to tissues and cells. We see issues with Myocardial Depression. Multi Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
How does the nurse escalate and manage Sepsis? - Answer Call a MERT
Bloods will need to be done
Antibiotics need to be given early
Fluids need to be given such as Crystalloids or Normal Saline
Commence inotrope (Adrenaline) if fluids do not restore physiological parameters or if STILL hypotensive
What is ADPIE? - Answer Assessment
Diagnosis
Plan
Implentation
Evaluation
What are they key priorities of care for Sepsis? - Answer · Optimise perfusion - Management of blood pressure is critical in order to support organ perfusion.
· Optimise gas exchange - increased oxygen demands need to be met to facilitate the delivery of oxygen to vital organs and at a cellular level.
Physiotherapy
· Pharmacy
· Dietician
· Medical teams
sepsis contributes to alterations and vital signs and produces a... - Answer Hypodynamic state
type 1 respiratory failure is characterised by... - Answer Low oxygen levels and high carbon dioxide levels
A paediatric triangle is comprised of - Answer Appearance, breathing, circulation
