Download NSG 100 Exam 3 (2026/2027) | Intro to Nursing Concepts | Germanna CC (PDF) and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NSG 100 EXAM 3
Introduction to Nursing Concepts
Germanna Community College
High-Yield Qs to mirror the Actual Exam
Verified Answers with Rationales
This Exam Features:
NSG 100 Exam 3 – Introduction to Nursing
Concepts – Germanna Community College.
This resource includes high-yield questions
designed to mirror the actual exam , with
verified answers and clear rationales to help nursing students
master key concepts. Ideal for exam prep, concept review, and
confidence building before test day.
When teaching a pregnant woman about the use of drugs during pregnancy, which statement will the nurse include?
A.Exposure of the fetus to drugs is most detrimental during the second trimester of pregnancy. B.Pregnant women must never take drugs to control high blood pressure. C.Drug transfer to a fetus is most likely to occur during the last trimester of pregnancy. D.A fetus is at greatest risk for drug-induced developmental defects during the second trimester of pregnancy.
ANSWER: C Drug transfer to the fetus is most likely to occur during the last trimester of pregnancy. Exposure of a fetus to drugs is most detrimental during the first trimester of pregnancy, and fetuses are at greatest risk for drug-induced developmental defects during the first trimester of pregnancy. Pregnant women need to take medications to control situations such as high blood pressure.
When administering medications to pediatric patients, the nurse understands that the dosage calculations for pediatric patients are different than for adults because pediatric patients• A.are more likely to develop edema. B.have more stomach acid. C.have skin that is less permeable. D.have immature liver and kidney function
ANSWER: D In pediatric patients, body temperature is less well regulated, and dehydration occurs easily; pediatric patients lack stomach acid to kill bacteria and have skin that is thinner and more permeable. It is true that pediatric patients have immature liver and kidney function, resulting in impaired drug metabolism and excretion.
The nurse caring for a pediatric patient calculates the safe range for the prescribed medication. Based on the nurses calculations, the dose ordered
D.Medication dosing calculated according to body weight because it is based on maturational growth and development
ANSWER: C Two methods are used for calculating safe pediatric doses. Based on body weight, they are calculations of milligrams per kilogram or micrograms per kilogram or according to body surface area (BSA) in square meters. The BSA method is the more accurate and therefore used widely for chemotherapeutic agents. The milligrams per kilogram method is the most frequently used elsewhere. Immature renal and hepatic function would necessitate a decrease in dose, not an increase.
Note: To avoid toxicity, overdose, or undertreatment, primary care providers adjust drugs for children based on their body surface area, age, weight, along with drug properties. The child's developmental level may determine the method of administration but not the appropriate dosage.
Knowing that the albumin in neonates and infants has a lower binding capacity for medications, the nurse anticipates the health care provider will perform which action to minimize the risk of toxicity? A.Decrease the amount of drug given. B.Increase the amount of drug given. C.Shorten the time interval between doses. D.Administer the medication intravenously.
ANSWER: A A lower binding capacity leaves more drugs available for action; thus, a lower dose would be required to prevent toxicity.
ASK- What other populations may be at risk of decreased albumin? Malnourished, older adults
The physiologic changes that normally occur in older adult patients have which implication for drug response? A.Drug elimination is faster. B.Drug metabolism is quicker.
C.Drug half-life is lengthened. D.Protein binding is more efficient.
ANSWER: C Drug half-life is extended secondary to diminished liver and renal function in older adults.
Review: Older patients may be at risk for drug toxicity due to delayed drug metabolism related to reduced hepatic blood flow and decreased liver enzyme production. Other physiological changes in older adult are decreased blood flow to the kidneys and reduced glomerular filtration rate, increased body fat, decreased cardiac output, decreased gastric emptying and slowed peristalsis.
A nurse working with older adult patients is concerned about the number of medications prescribed for each patient. Which older adult assessment should be of highest priority related to polypharmacy? A.Drug interactions B.Cost of medications C.Schedule of medications D.Nonadherence to drug regimen
ANSWER: A The highest priority for older adult patients with multiple medications (polypharmacy) is the assessment for drug interactions. The more medications an older adult patient takes, the higher the risk for drug interactions.
Which statement best reflects the nurse's understanding of cultural influences on drug therapy and other health practices? A.Dietary habits and practices can be of little value to the care of a sick adult. B.Most cultures are fairly standard in reference to the use of medications during illness. C.Administration of some drugs may elicit varied responses in specific racial/ethnic groups. D.Regardless of one's cultural background, it is crucial to adhere to recommended medical practices.
(Select all that apply) A.Have less potential for abuse and dependence B.Have the same chemical composition as the brand-name drug C.May have several brand names D.May have several generic names E.Are usually less expensive than a brand-name drug
Answer: B, C, E Generic and trade or brand-name drugs have the same chemical composition and the same effects, Generic drugs are usually less expensive. Each drug has only one generic name. The trade name is the brand of proprietary name given by the manufacturer; various manufacturers give the drug different brand names. There is no difference in abuse potential between a generic and brand-name drug.
Patients with renal failure would most likely have problems with which pharmacokinetic process? A.Excretion B.Absorption C.Metabolism D.Distribution
ANSWER: A The kidneys are responsible for the majority of drug excretion. A patient with renal failure would have a difficult time with drug excretion.
A staff educator is preparing an in-service to review factors that influence medication metabolism. Which of the following would the educator include as a reason to administer a lower medication dosage? (Select all that apply) A.Increased renal excretion B.Increased medication-metabolizing enzymes C.Liver failure D.Peripheral vascular disease E.Concurrent use of medication with the same pathway of metabolism
Answer: C, E Rationale: Increased renal excretion and Increased medication-metabolizing enzymes decrease the concentration of the medication, potentially requiring increased strength. Liver failure decreases metabolism, thus increasing the concentration of a medication. This requires decreasing the dosage. Peripheral vascular disease impairs distribution, may require an increased dose. When the same pathway metabolizes two medications, they compete for metabolism, potentially increasing the concentration of one or both medications. Requiring deceasing the dose of one or both medications
A patient asks the nurse why a lower dose of IV pain medication is being given than the previous oral dose. What is the nurse's best response to the patient? A."Medications given orally bypass the portal circulatory system." B."Medications given intravenously are not affected by the first-pass effect." C."Drugs administered intravenously enter the portal system before systemic distribution." D."A large percentage of an intravenously administered drug is metabolized into inactive metabolites in the liver."
Answer: B Rationale: When drugs with a high first-pass effect are administered orally, a large amount of drug may be metabolized before it reaches the systemic circulation. The same drug given IV will bypass the liver. This prevents the first-pass effect from taking place, and therefore more of the drug reaches the circulation. Parenteral doses of drugs with a high first-pass effect are much smaller than oral doses, yet they produce the same pharmacologic response.
A patient is prescribed ibuprofen 200 mg PO every 4 hours as needed for pain. The pharmacy sends up enteric-coated tablets, but the patient refuses the tablets, stating that she cannot swallow pills. What will the nurse do? A.Crush the tablets and mix them with applesauce or pudding. B.Call the pharmacy and ask for the liquid form of the medication. C.Call the pharmacy and ask for the IV form of the medication D.Encourage the patient to try to swallow the tablets
information, see the section on Influence of Ethnicity and Genetics on Drug Response in your textbook.
During a well-child visit, a female high school student complains about their inability to do as much physically as their twin brother. Which response by the nurse is accurate? A."Muscle growth in girls peaks at age 13." B."Boys have more muscle mass than girls." C."Girls need to eat more to have more muscle." D."Girls have less muscle after the age of 16."
ANSWER: B Rationale: Boys have more muscle mass than girls. Muscle growth in girls peaks between the ages of 16 and 20. Eating more will not increase the amount of muscle. Boys and girls have the same amount of muscle until age 13.
Ask about other lifespan considerations for Children/Adolescents
The family of a client with mobility difficulties asks the nurse, "What age-related changes to the musculoskeletal system should we expect our mother might experience?" What should the nurse include in the response? (Select all that apply.) A.Muscle fiber atrophy B.Increased bone density C.Decreased joint fluid D.Flexed position of hips E.Ligament tears
ANSWER: A, C, D, E Rationale: Changes in the musculoskeletal system that occur with aging include tears in ligaments, atrophy of muscle fibers, decreased joint fluid, and a flexed position of the hips. Bone density decreases with aging.
Ask about other lifespan considerations for the Older Adult
The family of an older adult client tells the nurse that they want their mother to remain as active as possible for as long as possible. Which instruction should the nurse provide the family? (Select all that apply.) A.Adequate calcium intake B.Good nutritional intake C.Daily stretching D.Regular exercise E.Adequate rest and sleep
ANSWER: All are correct Primary Prevention includes maintaining the highest level of regular physical activity possible along with optimal nutrition, keeping an ideal body weight, and getting adequate rest. Taking measures to prevent injury and trauma are also considered primary prevention strategies. Nutrition, as a primary prevention strategy, links to musculoskeletal development. During infancy, childhood, and adolescence, adequate protein and calcium in the diet are critical for the musculoskeletal development. Adequate calcium intake is also necessary to prevent osteoporosis among older individuals. Fall prevention is an important aspect of primary prevention. Strategies include participating in regular physical activity (to maintain muscle strength, flexibility and balance), making the environment safer (e.g., avoiding hazards, using handrails, wearing sturdy shoes with nonslip soles, and having adequate lighting), and optimizing vision.8 (Giddens)
Recommendations for keeping one's back healthy (NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) •Always stretch before exercise or other strenuous physical activity. •Don't slouch when standing or sitting. •At home or work, make sure work surfaces are at a comfortable height. •Sit in a chair with good lumbar support and proper position and height for the task. •Wear comfortable, low-heeled shoes. •Sleeping on one's side with the knees drawn up in a fetal position can help open
A.Long-distance running B.Primarily working on a computer C.Living alone D.Taking no medications E.Smoking habits
ANSWER: A, B, E Rationale: A client's lifestyle affects mobility status. Smoking is a negative behavior that adversely affects many aspects of an individual's health. Physical activity such as long-distance running can affect the joints, ligaments, and cartilage. Computer work is a sedentary activity that could potentiate the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Living alone and not taking any medication would not adversely affect an individual's musculoskeletal or mobility status.
The nurse is performing a focused health history for a client diagnosed with low back pain secondary to a herniated disc. Which information is mostappropriate for the nurse to include in this history? A.Drug use B.Work and recreational activities C.Diet recall D.Ethnicity
ANSWER: B Rationale: Frequent twisting and lifting are significant risk factors for herniated disc, so work and recreational activities should be assessed. Substance abuse, diet and nutrition, and genetic risk factors common to specific ethnicities can be important components of a health history but are not particularly pertinent to herniated discs.
The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client experiencing an alteration in mobility. Which objective is most appropriate for the nurse to include? (Select all that apply.) A.Promote healthy relationships B.Recommend immunizations C.Prevent injury
D.Promote comfort E.Promote education
ANSWER: C, D, E
Rationale: Independent nursing interventions for the client with an alteration in mobility focus on promoting education and comfort as well as preventing injury. Although promoting healthy relationships and recommending immunizations may be important for all clients, these nursing interventions are not specifically important to clients with alterations in mobility.
The nurse taught a client about ways to prevent alterations in mobility. Which client behavior indicates that the teaching has been effective? (Select all that apply.) A.Client drinks milk with every meal B.Client applies ice to inflamed joints twice a day C.Client walks every day for 30 minutes D.Client smokes a half pack of cigarettes per day E.Client consumes fresh fruits and vegetables every day
ANSWER: A, C, E Rationale: The best way to avoid an alteration in mobility is to prevent the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Prevention strategies include good nutrition, adequate calcium intake, and regular exercise. Drinking milk, walking, and consuming fresh produce indicate actions to prevent the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Smoking is not a healthy activity. Applying ice to inflamed joints indicates an alteration in mobility already exists.
The nurse is caring for a client who can bear weight but has a weak limb. Which assistive device is the most appropriate for this client? A.Walker B.Crutches C.Cane D.Wheelchair
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Isometric exercise is used to maintain strength when a joint is immobilized. It is performed by contracting a specific muscle group against another muscle group or immovable object. Resistive exercise is active exercise where the client works against resistance to increase muscle strength. Range-of- motion exercises help maintain joint mobility during periods of restricted activity. Passive exercises are performed by a physical therapist or nurse for the client.
The nurse begins an early ambulation routine with a client diagnosed with altered mobility. Which benefit of early ambulation should the nurse explain to the client? (Select all that apply.) A.Promotes diarrhea B.Strengthens muscles C.Improves skin turgor D.Improves self-esteem E.Reduces risk of thrombophlebitis
ANSWER: B, D, E Rationale: Early ambulation decreases the risk of complications of inactivity, including thrombophlebitis, osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, constipation, and urinary incontinence. It also strengthens muscles, increases joint flexibility, stimulates circulation, and improves self-esteem. Ambulation does not promote diarrhea or improve skin turgor.
Which nonpharmacologic option for back pain relief would be most appropriate for the nurse to discuss with a client? (Select all that apply.) A.Hydrotherapy B.Massage therapy C.Bedrest D.Weight lifting E.Acupuncture
ANSWER: A, B, E Rationale: Clients with pain may want to seek out nonpharmacologic methods of pain relief. The nurse may discuss acupuncture, massage therapy, hydrotherapy,
and other methods of pain relief. Bedrest and weight lifting would be contraindicated.
A client presents with mild back pain. Which topics should the nurse include in teaching the client to prevent back injury? (Select all that apply.) A.Regular exercise B.Good posture C.Beginning exercise such as running D.Maintaining a healthy weight E.Using proper body mechanics
ANSWER: A, B, D, E Rationale: Prevention of a herniated disc is focused on good back care. This includes good posture when sitting and standing; regular exercise, including weight-bearing exercises such as yoga and tai chi to keep back muscles strong; maintaining a healthy weight to keep pressure off the vertebral column; and using proper body mechanics. Running is a very jarring exercise and not recommended to prevent a herniated disc.
The nurse is preparing educational materials concerning back injuries and herniated discs for a health fair at a local community center. Which information should the nurse include in the educational materials? (Select all that apply.) A.Those between the ages of 20 and 30 are most at risk B.Avoid lifting objects with a twisting motion C.The injury occurs most commonly in the lower back. D.A herniated disc can affect both sensory and motor function.
ANSWER: B, C, D Rationale: Lifting heavy objects with a twisting motion can cause rupture of the nucleus pulposus and painful muscle spasms. Improper lifting technique is a common cause of herniated discs. The most common sites for herniated discs are in the lower lumbar area and upper sacrum. These areas are located in the lower back. A herniated disc can affect sensory as well as motor nerves. The client can have issues with sensation as well as problems with walking and mobility. A ruptured disc is the most common cause of low back pain. This occurs in as many
The nurse provides teaching to a 50-year-old male Caucasian client with low back pain. The client has a body mass index (BMI) of 32, drives a forklift, sits for prolonged periods, and seldom participates in exercise activity. What modifiable risk factors should the nurse include in the discussion? A.Lack of exercise, obesity, sitting for prolonged periods B.Obesity, gender, race C.Sitting for prolonged periods, race, inactivity D.Age, lack of exercise, genetic factors
A: Lack of exercise, obesity, sitting for prolonged periods Lack of exercise predisposes the muscles to strain, and extra weight imposes strain on the back as does sitting for long periods of time. All of the other choices include non-modifiable risk factors.
The nurse is evaluating a client who is being treated for low back pain. The nurse concludes that goals have been met when the client does which action? A.Shows tenderness when the muscle close to the affected disc is palpated B.Walks in a stiff, flexed gait C.Bends at the waist without complaint of pain D.Experiences stronger sensations in the affected limb
C. Bends at the waist without complaint of pain The client with low back pain is unable to bend at the waist without complaint of pain; so, if the client does so for the nurse, a goal has been met. Tenderness in the muscle near the affected disc is a symptom of a problem. The client who walks with a stiff, flexed gait is experiencing back pain. The client with neurological impairment will experience sensations in the unaffected limb instead of equally on both sides.
Which statement best describes pharmacokinetics? A.Adverse effects and toxic reactions to medications B.Physiologic interaction between a drug and body cells C.Converts medication into its active chemical substance D.What the body does to the drug after it is administered
D. Pharmacokinetics is the study of what happens to a drug from the time it is put into the body until the parent drug and all metabolites have left the body. Simply stated as What the body does to the drug after it is administered
The nurse is giving a medication that has a high first-pass effect. The health care provider has changed the route from PO to IV. What can the nurse expect with the IV dose? A.The IV dose will be higher because of the first-pass effect B.The IV dose will be lower because of the first-pass effect. C.The IV dose will be the same as the PO dose. D.The rate of IV infusion must be faster due to first-pass effect.
B. The first-pass effect is the metabolism of a drug before it becomes systemically available, and it reduces the bioavailability of the drug. This primarily occurs with oral medications. Therefore, IV doses need to be lower than PO doses because of the first-pass effect.
The nurse knows that which factors will affect the absorption of orally administered medications? (Select all that apply.) A.Integrity of the skin B.pH of the stomach C.Form of drug preparation D.Patients positioning E.Presence of food in the stomach
B, C, E. pH of the stomach, Form of drug preparation (liquids are already dissolved and are usually absorbed more quickly than solid dosage forms) and Presence of food in the stomach all may affect the absorption of oral drugs. Integrity of the skin and Patients positioning do not affect the absorption of oral drugs.
A patient is complaining of severe pain and has orders for morphine sulfate. To achieve the most rapid onset of action, the health care provider will prescribe the medication to be administered by which route? A.Enteral B.Intravenous
