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NSG 3110 – Fundamentals Clinical
2026/2027 Questions and Correct Answers
with Rationale | Newest Update | Galen
College of Nursing
1. Which action demonstrates correct hand hygiene before a patient procedure? A. Rinsing hands for 5 seconds B. Using hand sanitizer after patient contact only C. Washing all surfaces of hands for at least 20 seconds D. Drying hands on uniform Correct Answer: C Rationale: Proper hand hygiene removes pathogens and prevents infection during patient care. 2. When assisting a patient from bed to chair, the nurse should: A. Lift using the back only B. Use a gait belt and proper body mechanics C. Ask patient to jump to standing D. Avoid assistance to encourage independence Correct Answer: B Rationale: A gait belt and proper mechanics prevent injury to both nurse and patient. 3. Which patient position is safest for administering oral medications to a patient with dysphagia? A. Supine B. Upright at 90 degrees
C. Trendelenburg D. Lying on side Correct Answer: B Rationale: Upright positioning reduces aspiration risk.
4. Which assessment finding requires immediate action? A. BP 120/80 mmHg B. Pulse 80 bpm C. O2 saturation 85% D. Temperature 37°C Correct Answer: C Rationale: Hypoxia is life-threatening and requires rapid intervention. 5. When performing a sterile dressing change, which action is correct? A. Touching the sterile field with gloves B. Maintaining a sterile field and using sterile technique C. Reusing gauze for multiple patients D. Ignoring contamination Correct Answer: B Rationale: Maintaining sterility prevents infection. 6. Which patient is at highest risk for falls? A. Ambulatory adult B. Elderly patient with dizziness and hypotension C. Healthy child D. Outpatient clinic patient Correct Answer: B Rationale: Dizziness, hypotension, and age increase fall risk. 7. Which technique prevents aspiration during feeding?
11. When taking vital signs, which action ensures accuracy? A. Using proper cuff size and technique for blood pressure B. Measuring over clothing C. Estimating values D. Rushing measurement Correct Answer: A Rationale: Correct technique ensures reliable readings. 12. Which intervention reduces infection risk in catheterized patients? A. Hand hygiene and aseptic technique B. Touching the catheter site with clean gloves only C. Reusing supplies D. Ignoring local redness Correct Answer: A Rationale: Aseptic technique prevents catheter-associated infections. 13. Which patient requires fall precautions? A. Ambulatory adult B. Elderly patient with recent dizziness C. Healthy teenager D. Outpatient clinic patient Correct Answer: B Rationale: Cognitive or balance issues increase fall risk. 14. Which nursing action demonstrates patient advocacy? A. Ignoring patient’s refusal of treatment B. Educating patient about risks and respecting their decision C. Forcing treatment D. Delegating discussion to someone else
Correct Answer: B Rationale: Advocacy involves supporting patient understanding and choices.
15. Which assessment finding indicates hypoxia? A. O2 saturation 85%, restlessness B. BP 120/ C. Pulse 72 D. Temp 36.8°C Correct Answer: A Rationale: Low oxygen saturation with signs of distress indicates hypoxia. 16. Which action prevents deep vein thrombosis in immobilized patients? A. Early ambulation and leg exercises B. Prolonged bed rest C. Crossing legs D. Restricting fluids Correct Answer: A Rationale: Movement promotes venous return and prevents clot formation. 17. Which patient requires priority assessment? A. Stable patient requesting water B. Patient with sudden chest pain C. Patient ready for discharge D. Patient scheduled for routine labs Correct Answer: B Rationale: Chest pain may indicate a life-threatening cardiac event. 18. Which position reduces aspiration risk for unconscious patients?
22. Which technique ensures safe oral medication administration? A. Checking patient ID, allergies, and five rights B. Administering without verification C. Ignoring patient questions D. Skipping documentation Correct Answer: A Rationale: Verification prevents medication errors. 23. Which finding indicates effective pain management? A. Pain score decreased from 7/10 to 2/ B. Guarding C. Restlessness D. Unchanged complaints Correct Answer: A Rationale: Pain reduction reflects successful intervention. 24. Which action supports infection prevention in wound care? A. Sterile technique B. Reusing supplies C. Touching wound with clean gloves only D. Ignoring drainage Correct Answer: A Rationale: Sterility prevents pathogen introduction. 25. Which patient is at greatest risk for falls? A. Elderly patient with confusion and hypotension B. Ambulatory adult C. Healthy child D. Outpatient clinic patient Correct Answer: A Rationale: Cognitive impairment and unstable vitals increase fall risk.
26. Which action demonstrates professional ethics? A. Maintaining patient confidentiality B. Sharing private information C. Delegating beyond scope D. Ignoring patient preferences Correct Answer: A Rationale: Ethical practice includes protecting patient privacy. 27. Which patient requires immediate assessment? A. Stable patient requesting water B. Patient with sudden dyspnea C. Patient scheduled for labs D. Ready for discharge teaching Correct Answer: B Rationale: Respiratory compromise is life-threatening. 28. Which intervention promotes safe mobility? A. Using proper body mechanics and assistive devices B. Lifting with back only C. Rushing patient D. Ignoring gait issues Correct Answer: A Rationale: Proper mechanics prevent injury. 29. Which vital sign indicates hypotension? A. BP 88/50 mmHg B. BP 120/ C. Pulse 72 D. Temp 36.8°C Correct Answer: A Rationale: Low blood pressure may indicate hypoperfusion.
34. Which finding indicates hypoglycemia? A. Confusion, sweating, shakiness B. Polyuria C. Increased thirst D. Dry skin Correct Answer: A Rationale: Neuroglycopenic and autonomic symptoms indicate low blood sugar. 35. Which intervention prevents deep vein thrombosis? A. Leg exercises and ambulation B. Prolonged bed rest C. Crossing legs D. Restricting fluids Correct Answer: A Rationale: Movement reduces venous stasis and clot formation. 36. Which patient requires priority care? A. Stable patient requesting water B. Patient with sudden chest pain and shortness of breath C. Patient scheduled for labs D. Ready for discharge teaching Correct Answer: B Rationale: Life-threatening conditions take precedence. 37. Which action supports patient comfort postoperatively? A. Pain management and repositioning B. Ignoring complaints C. Rushing tasks D. Limiting fluids
Correct Answer: A Rationale: Comfort interventions reduce complications and improve recovery.
38. Which lab value indicates infection? A. WBC 15,000/mm³ B. WBC 6,000/mm³ C. Hemoglobin 14 g/dL D. Platelets 250,000/mm³ Correct Answer: A Rationale: Leukocytosis is a sign of infection. 39. Which action prevents cross-contamination? A. Hand hygiene before and after patient contact B. Sharing equipment C. Using gloves for multiple patients D. Ignoring protocol Correct Answer: A Rationale: Hand hygiene is the most effective infection control method. 40. Which action ensures safe medication administration? A. Checking five rights and allergies B. Administering from memory C. Ignoring patient questions D. Skipping documentation Correct Answer: A Rationale: Verification prevents medication errors. 41. Which vital sign indicates tachycardia? A. Pulse 120 bpm B. Pulse 72 bpm
C. Rushing patient D. Ignoring gait issues Correct Answer: A Rationale: Prevents injury to both patient and nurse.
46. Which patient requires immediate assessment? A. Patient requesting water B. Sudden dyspnea C. Scheduled for labs D. Ready for discharge teaching Correct Answer: B Rationale: Airway and breathing are the top priority. 47. Which patient requires fall precautions? A. Elderly with dizziness B. Ambulatory adult C. Teenager D. Outpatient Correct Answer: A Rationale: Age, dizziness, and instability increase fall risk. 48. Which patient is at risk for pressure injury? A. Bedridden elderly patient B. Ambulatory adult C. Healthy child D. Outpatient Correct Answer: A Rationale: Immobility and skin fragility increase risk. 49. Which intervention reduces DVT risk? A. Ambulation and leg exercises B. Prolonged bed rest
C. Crossing legs D. Dehydration Correct Answer: A Rationale: Movement improves venous return and prevents clots.
50. Which action demonstrates infection prevention? A. Hand hygiene before and after patient care B. Sharing equipment C. Using gloves for multiple patients D. Ignoring protocol Correct Answer: A Rationale: Proper hand hygiene is the cornerstone of infection control. 51. Which action is most appropriate when a patient begins to fall? A. Let the patient hit the floor B. Attempt to catch the patient without support C. Use a controlled lowering technique to protect the patient D. Pull patient up immediately Correct Answer: C Rationale: Controlled lowering minimizes injury to both patient and nurse. 52. Which intervention prevents ventilator-associated pneumonia in intubated patients? A. Elevating the head of the bed 30–45° B. Leaving patient flat C. Frequent suctioning without technique D. Ignoring oral care Correct Answer: A Rationale: Head elevation reduces aspiration risk.
Correct Answer: B Rationale: Airway compromise is life-threatening.
57. Which action is correct when ambulating a patient with a gait belt? A. Supporting under the arms B. Using proper body mechanics and monitoring for dizziness C. Pulling patient forward quickly D. Ignoring signs of fatigue Correct Answer: B Rationale: Proper technique ensures safety and reduces fall risk. 58. Which intervention supports safe feeding in a patient with dysphagia? A. Upright positioning, small bites, slow feeding B. Supine feeding C. Rapid ingestion of large bites D. Ignoring swallowing difficulties Correct Answer: A Rationale: Prevents aspiration and choking. 59. Which patient requires immediate assessment during rounds? A. Patient requesting food B. Patient with sudden chest pain C. Patient ready for discharge D. Patient scheduled for routine labs Correct Answer: B Rationale: Acute chest pain can indicate life-threatening cardiac events. 60. Which assessment finding indicates fluid overload? A. Edema, shortness of breath B. Dry mucous membranes
C. Sunken eyes D. Weight loss Correct Answer: A Rationale: Edema and dyspnea reflect excessive fluid accumulation.
61. Which intervention prevents deep vein thrombosis? A. Early ambulation and leg exercises B. Prolonged bed rest C. Crossing legs D. Dehydration Correct Answer: A Rationale: Movement improves venous return and prevents clot formation. 62. Which is the priority for a patient with hypoxia? A. Assess airway, breathing, and oxygen saturation B. Document findings only C. Offer water D. Continue routine care Correct Answer: A Rationale: Hypoxia is life-threatening and requires immediate intervention. 63. Which position prevents aspiration in an unconscious patient? A. Lateral (side-lying) B. Supine C. Flat on stomach D. Trendelenburg Correct Answer: A Rationale: Side-lying allows secretions to drain and prevents aspiration. 64. Which patient requires fall precautions?
A. Stable patient requesting water B. Patient with O2 saturation 84% C. Patient scheduled for labs D. Ready for discharge Correct Answer: B Rationale: Hypoxia is life-threatening and must be addressed immediately.
69. Which intervention promotes skin integrity? A. Repositioning every 2 hours B. Leaving patient in same position C. Using harsh soaps D. Ignoring moisture Correct Answer: A Rationale: Pressure relief prevents skin breakdown. 70. Which action demonstrates infection prevention during IV therapy? A. Hand hygiene and aseptic technique B. Touching catheter with clean gloves only C. Using same supplies for multiple patients D. Ignoring redness Correct Answer: A Rationale: Reduces risk of IV-related infections. 71. Which intervention supports patient comfort postoperatively? A. Repositioning and pain management B. Ignoring complaints C. Rushing tasks D. Limiting fluids Correct Answer: A Rationale: Comfort interventions reduce complications and improve recovery.
72. Which patient requires priority assessment for hypotension? A. BP 88/50 mmHg with dizziness B. BP 120/ C. Pulse 72 D. Temp 36.8°C Correct Answer: A Rationale: Low BP with symptoms may indicate hypoperfusion. 73. Which vital sign indicates tachycardia? A. Pulse 120 bpm B. Pulse 72 bpm C. BP 120/ D. Temp 36.8°C Correct Answer: A Rationale: Heart rate >100 bpm is tachycardia in adults. 74. Which action demonstrates patient advocacy? A. Educating patient about treatment options and respecting choices B. Forcing treatment C. Ignoring refusal D. Delegating discussion to others Correct Answer: A Rationale: Advocacy ensures patient autonomy and informed decision-making. 75. Which patient requires immediate assessment for hypoglycemia? A. Confusion, sweating, shakiness B. Increased thirst C. Polyuria D. Dry skin
