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NSG 3100 EXAM 4 GALEN COLLEGE
NEWEST EXAM 4 VERSIONS WITH
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+/ NSG 3100 EXAM 4
(FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS &
SKILLS FOR NURSING PRACTICE I)
Heart Health diet - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>increase fiber, decrease saturated fat Carbs are made up of - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>sugars starches and fiber what will increase cholesterol - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>high trans fat diet what does Vit A do - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>night vision, resists infection, epithelial tissue, bone and teeth Vit A deficiency - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>night blindness, poor appetite, decreased immunity, impaired growth and dev
what does Vit D do - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>bone and teeth what does Vit E do - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Antioxidant that protects cells from injury from free radicals What does Vit K do - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>blood clotting what does Vit C do - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>collagen and antioxidant what does Vit B do - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>red blood cells, and coenzymes name the B vitamins - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Biotin, Pantothenic Acid, Pyrrolidine, Cyanocobalamin, Folic Acid BMI normal ranges - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>18.5-24. sources of Iron - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>green leafy vegs and animal meats sources of calcium - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>milk products, tofu, soy products, and green leafy vegs
parenteral nutrition - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Central lines or PICC lines residual gastric volume - CORRECT ANSWERS>>><250 or half of the last feed go ahead and feed >250 wait 1hr and check again >500 call doctor and HOLD feed what to do when removing NG tube - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>clamp and tell the pt to hold their breath how do you assess for dietary intake - CORRECT ANSWERS>>> 24 hr recall diet journal complication of tube feeding - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>diarrhea Gastric pH range - CORRECT ANSWERS>>> 1 - 5 what do you use to flush IV - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>0.9% sodium chloride A ___________________ solution pulls water from the cell to the extracellular space - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>hypertonic
A ____________________ solution would make excess water move into the cells - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>hypotonic Explain the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>regulates blood pressure and fluid balance drop in fluid or BP stimulates the release of Renin then Renin converts Angiotensin to Angiotensin 1, ACE then changes it from 1 to 2 Angiotensin 2 causes vasoconstriction and aldosterone release, which will make kidneys reabsorb water and kidneys Volume - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>fluid hyper and hypo volemia tonicity - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>particles hyper and hypo tonic How do you assess fluid - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>DAILY WEIGHTS I and Os Labs VS What causes Isotonic fluid deficit (hypovolemia) - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>occurs when water and sodium are lost together hemorrhages, burns, V/D, Addison's disease, fever, excess perspiration
causes of hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>hypovolemic hyponatremia, diuretics, V/D, diaphoresis, water intoxication, prolonged use of hypotonic IV fluids S/S of hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Lethargy, confusion, SEIZURES, anorexia, muscle cramps, N/V causes of hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>excess sodium intake, hypertonic IV fluids, diarrhea, inadequate water intake, fever S/S of hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>thirst, dry sticky mucous membranes, weakness, confusion, irritability, decreased LOC, hallucination, seizures What does Potassium do for the body - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Responsible for resting membrane potential Transmission and conduction of nerve impulses Maintaining normal cardiac rhythms Muscle contraction normal potassium levels - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>3.5-5.0 mEq/L
what causes hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>vomiting, gastric suction, diarrhea, laxative abuse, frequent enemas, diuretics, hyperaldosteronism S/S of Hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>weak, irregular pulse, fatigue, lethargy, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness/cramping, SLOWS GI, hypoactive bowel sounds, paresthesia, cardiac dysrhythmias Causes of hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>renal failure, massive trauma, crushing injury, burns, hemolysis, IV potassium, K sparing diuretics, diabetic ketoacidosis S/S of hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>anxiety, irritability, confusion, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, paresthesia, GI hyperactivity, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, cardiac dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, bradycardia/heart block, irregular pulses causes of hypocalcemia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>hypoparathyroidism, pancreatitis, Vit D deficiency, NUMB AND TINGLY AROUND MOUTH AND EXTREMITIES, muscle cramps, positive chvosteks and trousseau causes of hypercalcemia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Prolonged bed rest Hyperparathyroidism
S/S of hypochloremia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Irritability, hypotension, tetany, shallow respirations, and hyperexcitability of muscles and nerves causes of hyperchloremia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Dehydration Anemia Excessive normal saline infusion Cushing syndrome Kidney disease Metabolic acidosis Respiratory alkalosis or hyperventilation S/S of hyperchloremia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>weakness, lethargy, deep/rapid breathing normal magnesium levels - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>1.5-2.5 mEq/L causes of hypomagnesemia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>decrease intake, NG suction, draining fistulas, prolonged diarrhea, laxative abuse, ulcerative colitis, crohns, increased renal excretion, diuretics S/S of hypomagnesemia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>irritable nerves/ muscle disorientation, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, seizures,
dysrhythmias, EKG changes, elevated BP, LOC changes, mood swings, delusions, hallucinations, dysphagia, N/V causes of hypermagnesemia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Excessive intake
- Intravenous administration of magnesium for treatment of preeclampsia
- Excessive use of oral magnesium-containing medications Decreased Excretion
- Kidney disease
- Acute renal failure S/S of hypermagnesemia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>warm, flushed appearance, peripheral vasodilation, N/V, drowsiness, lethargy, generalized weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression. arrest normal phosphate levels - CORRECT ANSWERS>>> 2 - 4.5 mg/dL causes of hypophosphatemia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>hyperventilation, resp alkalosis, hyperglycemia, starvation, inadequate vit D, chronic diarrhea, laxative abuse, duretics S/S of hypophosphatemia - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>weak pulse, shallow respirations, low blood pressure, decreased Cardiac output,
S/S of respiratory alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>tachypnea, numb, tingly fingers, muscle cramps, palpitations, anxiety Causes of metabolic acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>SHOCK, SEPSIS, trauma, cardiac arrest, diabetic ketoacidosis, chronic renal failure, salicylate OD, chronic diarrhea S/S of metabolic acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>kussmauls, low BP, headache, decreased LOC, weakness, N/V, anorexia Causes of metabolic alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>severe vomiting, NG suctioning, overuse of antacids, hypokalemia, diuretics S/S of metabolic alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>low Bp, mental confusion, muscle twitching, tetany, increased deep tendon reflexes, numb tingly fingers and toes, seizures, anorexia, N/V, polyuria Normal ABG levels - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>pH: 7.35-7. PCO2: 35- 45 HCO3: 22- 28 PaCO2: 80- 100 O2 Sat: 95- 100
What can increase cholesterol - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Trans fatty acids Omega 3 and 6 are what - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Unsaturated essential fatty acids Omega 3 sources - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Fish, flaxseed oil, soybean oil omega 6 sources - CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Nuts, seeds, veg oil
