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NSG 3850 EXAM 3 ACTUAL EXAM 2026 | ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS | UPDATED
VERSION | GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
Osteoporosis commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease because of a. hyperparathyroidism. b. hypercalcemia. c. excess active vitamin D. d. phosphorous deficiency. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a. Hyperparathyroidism Gastrointestinal drainage, perioperative and postoperative hypotension, and hemorrhage may all contribute to renal failure by causing a. hydronephrosis. b. acute tubular necrosis. c. nephrosis. d. renal inflammation ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------b. Acute tubular necrosis
Appropriate therapy for prerenal kidney injury includes a. fluid administration. b. potassium supplementation. c. fluid restriction. d. protein restriction. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a. fluid administration A patient with renal disease is at risk for developing uremia as the nephrons progressively deteriorate, because a. the basement membrane becomes increasingly permeable. b. filtration exceeds secretory and reabsorptive capacity. c. excessive solute and water are lost in the urine. d. GFR declines. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------d. GFR declines. The most likely cause of anemia in a patient with end-stage renal disease is a. insufficient erythropoietin.
d. polyuria and sodium wasting. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- d. polyuria and sodium wasting. One of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease is a. hypertension. b. glomerulonephritis. c. chronic pyelonephritis. d. polycystic kidney disease. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a. hypertension The patient most at risk for postrenal acute kidney injury is a(n) a. elderly patient with hypertrophy of the prostate. b. middle-aged woman with bladder infection. c. young child with reflux at the ureterovesical junction. d. patient who has both hypertension and diabetes. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a. elderly patient with hypertrophy of the prostate.
The defining characteristic of severe acute kidney injury is a. proteinuria. b. oliguria. c. hematuria. d. diuresis. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B. Oliguria A primary laboratory finding in end-stage chronic renal disease is a. decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN). b. decreased serum sodium. c. metabolic alkalosis. d. increased serum creatinine. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D) Increased serum creatinine The condition associated with end-stage chronic renal disease that is the most immediately life threatening is a. azotemia. b. increased creatinine. c. hypertension.
a. hyperlipidemia. b. proteinuria. c. hematuria. d. generalized edema. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C. Hematuria A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience a. fever. b. oliguria. c. edema. d. hypertension. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a. fever The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is a. Streptococcus. b. Escherichia coli. c. Klebsiella. d. Enterobacter. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B. Escherichia coli
It is true that polycystic kidney disease is a. always rapidly fatal. b. caused by a streptococcal infection. c. associated with supernumerary kidney. d. genetically transmitted ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------d. genetically transmitted. The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is a. renal ischemia. b. bacterial invasion of the glomerulus. c. an anaphylactic reaction. d. an immune complex reaction. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- d. an immune complex reaction. Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include a. anuria.
A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to be a. potassium oxalate. b. struvite. c. cysteine. d. uric acid crystals. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------d. uric acid crystals. The most common type of renal stone is a. uric acid. b. calcium. c. struvite. d. cysteine. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------b. calcium Calcium oxalate stone formation is facilitated by a. hypercalciuria. b. hypoparathyroidism. c. low urine pH.
d. protein intake. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a. hypercalciuria The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is a. pain. b. vomiting. c. hematuria. d. oliguria. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a. pain The most common direct cause of acute pyelonephritis is a. urine obstruction. b. systemic bacteremia. c. urethral catheterization. d. infection by E. coli. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------d. infection by E. coli. The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is
d. anuria. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------b. hydronephrosis A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is a. positive family history. b. dehydration. c. smoking. d. drinking alcohol. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------b. dehydration In addition to E. coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is a. urinary retention and reflux. b. nephrotic syndrome. c. respiratory disease. d. glomerulonephritis. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a. urinary retention and reflux. Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of - in the urine.
a. blood b. sodium c. glucose d. protein ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------d. protein One cause of an extrinsic renal system obstruction is a. clot. b. pelvic tumor. c. neurogenic bladder. d. papillary necrosis. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------b. pelvic tumor. Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because a. hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids. b. lipids are not excreted in the urine. c. body fats are catabolized. d. muscles stop burning triglycerides for energy. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a. hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids.
c. interstitial cystitis. d. nephrotic syndrome. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------d. Nephrotic syndrome The major cause of glomerulonephritis is a. infection of the glomerular capsule secondary to a urinary tract infection. b. immune system damage to the glomeruli. c. hydronephrosis resulting from kidney stones. d. Streptococcus infection that migrates from the bloodstream to the glomerulus. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------b. immune system damage to the glomeruli. The infection frequently associated with development of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis is a. pneumonia. b. throat infection. c. endocarditis.
d. urinary tract infection. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------b. throat infection. A common component of renal calculi is a. calcium. b. cholesterol. c. creatinine. d. urobilirubin. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a. Calcium Which condition is caused by a genetic defect? a. Acute pyelonephritis b. Hydroureter c. Incontinence d. Polycystic kidney disease ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------d. Polycystic kidney disease The type of glomerulonephritis which is most likely to result in a swift decline in renal function that then progresses to acute kidney injury is
d. malnutrition is part of nephrotic syndrome. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------b. albumin is excreted in the urine. The individual at highest risk of pyelonephritis who requires monitoring for signs of its occurrence is the a. woman who is paraplegic. b. woman who is pregnant. c. man who has glomerulonephritis. d. man who has chronic urinary tract infections. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------d. man who has chronic urinary tract infections. When a patient experiencing nephrotic syndrome asks, ―What causes my urine to be so full of protein? the nurse's response is based on the knowledge that a. his glomeruli have been damaged by his own immune system. b. the glomerular membrane has increased permeability. c. his liver is extremely active in synthesizing protein. d. his renal tubules are full of cellular debris ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------b. the glomerular membrane has increased permeability.
A patient who reported a very painful sore throat 3 weeks ago is now diagnosed with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. When asked, ―Why is my urine the color of coffee?the nurse responds a. ―Normally, red blood cells that enter the urine are taken back into the blood, but in glomerulonephritis, the kidney disease you have, they stay in the urine and make it coffee-colored. b. ―Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the fluid that becomes urine and make it coffee-colored.‖ c. ―The bacteria that caused your sore throat have traveled to your kidneys and are causing a little damage there that allows some red blood cells to leak into your urine and make it orange-colored.‖ d. ―When parts of your kidneys stopped working, your blood kept flowing and broke some of your little blood vessels, so red blood cells are flowi --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------b. ―Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the fluid that becomes urine and make it coffee-colored.
