Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
NSG3850 / NSG 3850 Exam 1| Latest Update 2025 / 2026 | Pathophysiology for Nurses II | 100 out of 100 | Questions and Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct – Galen
Typology: Exams
1 / 34
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
2/3 of body fluid is intracellular. 1/3 is extracellular. T/F? Answer: True
Where is the extracellular fluid? Answer:
When ADH is low, urine volume is Answer: high
When aldosterone is high, urine volume is Answer: low
ADH is the "____ water" hormone. Answer: free *causes kidneys to reabsorb plain water
Aldosterone is the "____ water" hormone. Answer: salt *causes kidneys to reabsorb water AND sodium
No!
A gain of more water than salt is called: Answer: *gain water dilutional hyponatremia
A loss of more salt than water is called: Answer: *lose salt depletional hyponatremia
Aldosterone increases or decreases potassium excretion in urine? Answer: Increases
I have low ionized calcium levels after a massive or fast blood transfusion or FFP because of: Answer: citrate (preservative in blood products) *citrate renders calcium inactive
PTH increases plasma calcium, therefore, pt's with hypoparathyroidism from sx or trauma will have: Answer: low levels of calcium
With low levels of extracellular Ca, voltage gated Na channels are less stable. Making them more likely to open up allowing them to depolarize more easily. This makes neurons more: Answer: excitable! *which means tetany occurs
PTH increases plasma calcium, therefore, pt's with hyperparathyroidism will have: higher levels of calcium Answer:
contract *this is due to neuromuscular excitability
Too much Mg, causes acetylcholine to rarely be released causing muscular: Answer: depression
Phosphate is an important component of ATP. Since ATP is a major source of energy, if we have low phosphate we are more likely to be: Answer: weak
Pt's with hyperphosphatemia and kidney dx are likely to have to ______________ salts in soft tissues of the body. Leading to aching, stiffness in joints, itching, and conjunctivitis. Answer: phosphate
What electrolytes are in the ECF and ICF? Answer: ECF = K+ and Mg ICF = Na+, Cl, Bicarb
What are the components of blood? Answer: RBCs (carry O2) platelets (clotting) leukocytes (WBCs) (infection)
What does the blood transport? Answer: Oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
What are the compensatory mechanisms in anemia? Answer: Increase oxygen to tissues
Answer: False. You would have low oxygen.
I have insufficient iron for hemoglobin synthesis. I can be caused by low intake, increased demand (e.g., pregnancy), diminished absorption (e.g., chronic disease), hemorrhage, and hemodialysis. What am I? Answer: Iron-deficient anemia
What anemia causes increased iron absorption? Answer: Hemolytic (SCD and thalassemia)
In sickle cell anemia, Hgb is altered. This causes: Answer: instability and solubility of Hgb
What type of pulse do we have with general anemia?
Answer: Tachycardic (also SOA)
You can develop heart failure from anemia. T/F? Answer: True
I have pica, koilonychias, blue sclerae, weakness and fatigue, dyspnea, palpitation, tachycardia, and erosions at the corner of the mouth. What do I have? Answer: Iron-deficient anemia
What is needed to make iron? Answer: Ferritin
What are causes of fluid deficit? Answer: Anything that causes removal of Na-containing fluid from the body like GI excretion (vomit, diarrhea, etc), renal excretion (adrenal insufficiency, extensive diuretic use, etc), and hemorrhage, massive sweat, etc. (p. 535)
I have very yellow urine, ↓ skin turgor, dry mucus membranes, hard stools, soft sunken eyeballs, longitudinal furrows in the tongue, no tears or sweat. I also have: Answer:
What are causes of fluid excess? Answer: Addition or retention of saline (salt water in the same concentration as normal plasma). Like excessive IV infusion and/or renal retention of Na/H2O.
I have sudden weight gain, edema, bounding pulse, neck vein distention, crackles, dyspnea, orthopnea, frothy sputum from pulmonary edema. What do I have? Answer: Fluid excess
What are causes of hyponatremia? Answer:
What do I have? Answer: Hyponatremia
What are causes of hypernatremia? Answer:
I have nonspecific CNS dysfunction. Like:
Answer:
What do I have? Answer: Hypernatremia
What are causes of hypokalemia? Answer:
What are causes of hyperkalemia? Answer:
I have an elevated T wave on ECG, intestinal cramping, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, and possible cardiac arrest. What do I have? Answer: Hyperkalemia
What are causes of hypocalcemia? Answer:
I have positive Chvostek and Trousseau sign , prolonged QT interval (*harder for muscle to relax), laryngospasm, tingling of extremities, fatigue, tetany, cramps, hypERactive reflexes. What do I have? Answer: Hypocalcemia
What are causes of hypercalcemia? Answer:
