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NU 150 / NU150 Exam 1 – Pharmacology Review
(Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Galen | Complete Real
Exam | Verified Questions & Answers | 100% Correct
Solutions | Grade A
The nurse is reviewing insulin therapy with a client. Which statement indicates correct understanding? I will rotate injection sites to avoid hardening of the skin. a client with type 2 diabetes asks why metformin is prescribed. How should the nurse respond? It decreases glucose production in the liver. The nurse is caring for a client with hypoglycemia. What is the most appropriate initial intervention? Provide Juice or milk if the client is conscious. The nurse is administering a diuretic. which assessment finding requires the nurse to withhold the medication? Serum Potassium of 3.2mEq/L The nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client on anticoagulants. What should the client avoid while on this medication? Eating foods high in Vitamin K A client on digoxin reports nausea and visual disturbances. What is the nurse's priority action? Hold the medication and check the digoxin level. The nurse is administering furosemide. What lab value should the nurse monitor closely? Potassium The nurse is caring for a client prescribed warfarin. Which lab test should be monitored regularly? Prothrombin time (PT) and INR
The nurse is administering a subcutaneous injection. What is the correct angle for the injection? 45 degrees The nurse is reinforcing teaching on mixing insulin. which statement indicates understanding? I will not mix Lantus insulin with any other insulin. A client with diabetes asks about the signs of hyperglycemia. What should the nurse include? Polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia The nurse is administering and IM injection. what is the correct needle size and length? 22 - gauge, 1.5 inches The nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client prescribed antibiotics. What instruction is correct? Take the full course of the medication. A client taking metformin reports fatigue and weakness. What condition should the nurse suspect? Lactic Acidosis The nurse is caring for a client taking potassium-sparing diuretic. what is the nurse's priority action? Monitor for signs of hyperkalemia the nurse is preparing to administer subcutaneous heparin. what site is appropriate? Abdomen the nurse is caring for a client prescribed nitroglycerin. What is an expected side effect? Dizziness The nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client prescribed beta-blockers. What should the client report immediately? Shortness of breath A client taking insulin reports frequent hypoglycemia. what should the nurse reinforce during teaching?
What kind of diuretic is hydrochlorothiazide? thiazide diuretic What kind of diuretic is spironolactone? potassium sparing diuretic What are the adverse drug reactions of diuretics? Men develop breast Dizziness Hyper/Hypo Kalemia Which diuretics cause hypokalemia? thiazide diuretics and loop diuretics Which diuretics cause hyperkalemia? potassium sparing diuretics What is hydrochlorothiazide related to? Thiazide related Potassium wasting Hypokalemia What is associated with spironolactone? Hyperkalemia Aldosterone antagonist Potassium sparing What is associated with furosemide? Potassium wasting Loop diuretic Hypokalemia
What are contradictions for diuretics? Sulfa allergies Potassium imbalance Kidney or liver disease What drug becomes toxic when used with lithium? Furosemide What type of diabetes is from insulin resistance? Type two What type of diabetes is from insulin deficiency? Type 1 What's the best test to determine if a patient has diabetes? HgbA1c What does the HgbA1c test for? amount of glucose attached to RBCs during their 120 life span What relates to diabetic ketoacidosis? Fruity breath/odor Measurable in urine Fat breakdown produces ketones Adverse drug reactions related to insulin & hyperglycemia? Hot & Dry flushed skin Tachycardia Polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria With type 1 diabetes, if the prescribed brand of insulin is not available, can it be substituted with another brand? No Adverse drug reactions related to insulin & hypoglycemia?
Makes the liver sensitive to insulin to reduce glucose production GI disturbance such as flatulence & diarrhea What is related to Sulfonylureas? Should be taken before meals Stimulate the beta cells to release insulin to lower blood glucose Should not be used with renal/liver dysfunction or coronary disease What patient is at higher risk for hypoglycemia? Patient taking sulfonylureas Which medication related to diabetes needs to be held for 48 hours before & after receiving contrast dye? Metformin ( Biguanides ) What is the onset for rapid acting insulin ( lispro )? 5 - 10 minutes What is the peak for rapid acting insulin ( lispro )? 30 - 90 minutes What is the duration for rapid acting insulin ( lispro )? 3 - 5 hours What is the onset for short acting insulin ( regular )? 30 - 60 minutes What is the peak for short acting insulin ( regular )? 2 - 4 hours What is the duration for short acting insulin ( regular )? 5 - 8 hours What is the onset for intermediate acting insulin ( NPH )? 1.5 hour
What is the peak for intermediate acting insulin ( NPH )? 4 - 10 hours What is the duration for intermediate acting insulin( NPH )? 14 hours What is the onset for long acting insulin( nsulin glargine)? 1 hour What is the peak for long acting insulin( nsulin glargine )? Steady, no peak What is the duration for long acting insulin ( nsulin glargine)? 24 hours What type of insulin puts a patient at the highest risk for hypoglycemia, so a meal is needed at the bedside? Rapid acting insulin (lispro) What type of insulin puts someone at lowest risk of hypoglycemia & cannot be mixed with another insulin? Long acting insulin ( nsulin glargine) What type of insulin is only given through IV? Short ( regular insulin ) What type of insulin can never be mixed with another & is never given IV? Intermediate acting insulin ( NPH ) What are the names of rapid acting insulin? lispro aspart glulisine What are the names of short acting insulin? Regular (Humulin R, Novalin R)
Anaphylactic shock Toxic reactions Refers to rare and unpredictable abnormal physical reaction to a drug due to genetics or unknown processes Idiosyncrasy What type of interaction is when each drug will maintain its own effect but if taken together there is a higher risk Additive drug interactions What type of interaction is when the drugs combined have a stronger effect than when given separately Synergistic drug interactions What type of interaction is when two drugs have opposite effects making them antidotes Antagonistic drug interactions What factors influence drug response? Age Weight Disease What type if injection is 0.5-1 mL, uses a 23-25 gauge needle, a 3/8-5/8 needle and is given at 45 to 90 degrees? Subcutaneous What type if injection is less than 0.1 mL, uses a 25-27 gauge needle, a 1/4-5/8 length and is given at 15 degrees? Intradermal What type if injection is less than 1-3 mL, 22 gauge needle, a 1.5 needle length, and is given at 90 degrees? Intramuscular What class of drugs does furosemide fall under? Loop diuretics
Another name for thiazide diuretics? Calcium sparing diuretics Which insulin should you draw up first, regular or NPH? Regular What electrolyte is spared with spironolactone administration? Potassium What is a significant vital sign in patients who are dehydrated by taking too much diuretic? Tachycardia How often do you need to check your A1C level? 3 months How long can you store opened insulin in the refrigerator? 3 months Foods to avoid while taking spironolactone? Avocado Banana Cantaloupe Dried fruits Juicy fruits Mrs.dash White beans What is the drug of choice for unconscious hypoglycemic patient? Glucagon Drug effect where drugs pile up in the body, fasten that it can be eliminated? Cumulative effect
