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NU 150 / NU150 Exam 3 – Pharmacology Review
(Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Galen | Complete Real
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What drugs are in the Aminoglycosides, Macrolides & Lincosamides class? Gentamycin Azithromycin (Z pac) Streptomycin Erythromycin Microbid What Salicylate used for? Used to manage pain, pain reducing (analgesic), fever reducing (antipyretic) & anti- inflammatory effects. What drug is a Salicylate? Aspirin (ASA) What are adverse reactions of Salicylate? GI Upset, Heartburn, Anorexia, GI Bleeding. Allergies: Angioedema, Bronchospasm & Anaphylactoid (allergic). Children: Reye Syndrome Tinnitus (Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea
What contraindications should the nurse be aware of for Salicylate? Bleeding Disorders, Blood Dyscrasias, PT receiving Anti-Coagulants or Anti-Neoplastic Drugs. What precautions should the nurse be aware of for Salicylate? Hepatic/Renal Failure, Pre-existing hypothrombinemia, GI Irritation, Peptic Ulcers, Mild Diabetes, Gout and Vitamin K deficiency. What is the patient most at risk for when taking Salicylate with Anticoagulants? Increased risk for bleeding. What is acetaminophen action? analgesic (pain), antipyretic (fever). Has no value in treating inflammation or thinning the blood. What class is acetaminophen in? Non-salicylates (Tylenol) mainly used as pain medication for pt with bleeding issues. What is acetaminophen used for? mild to moderate pain, fever bleeding disorders & arthritic disorders. What is the adverse reactions of acetaminophen? Hypotension Arrhythmias Jaundice
Pain (muscle disorders) Fever dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps) What are adverse reactions of NSAIDs? Dyspepsia (Indigestion) Diarrhea/Constipation Stomatitis Jaundice Blurry Vision Somnolence (sleepiness) Stroke Decrease or Increase BP CHF/Arrhythmias/MI Polyuria/Oliguria/Dysuria Hematuria Elevated BUN Pancytopenia/Neutropenia/Leukopenia Ecchymosis/Purpura Steven-Johnson Syndrome Decrease Appetite Increase or Decrease Weight Hyperglycemia or Hypoglycemia What are precautions of NSAIDs?
Pregnancy Category B Older Adults Bleeding Disorders Renal disease Cardiac Disease Hepatic or Renal failure What are contraindications of NSAIDs? 3rd Trimester of Pregnancy PostOp Pain Meloxicam (Muscle Disorders) Celecoxib (allergy to sulfonamides or cardiac history/stroke) Ibuprofen (HTZ/peptic ulcer/GI bleeding) What are nursing implications for NSAIDs? Assess pain Assess pt for GI bleeding Instruct pt to take medication with food Inform pt this can cause a bigger problem Instruct pt to be cautious with self medicating What is the patient at risk for when taking NSAIDs and anticoagulants together? Increased risk of bleeding What drugs are in the Opioid class?
Tachy/Brady/Palpitations Decreased RR Biliary tract spasm Constipation Urinary Retention Sweating Local tissue irrigation What are contraindications of Opioids? emphysema acute bronchial asthma upper airway obstructions head injury or increased intracranial pressure convulsion disorders hepatic or renal failure ulcer colitis labor/pregnancy category b & c What are precautions of Opioids? Older Adults Opioid Naive (pt who have not had these meds before) pt at greater risk for respiratory depression biliary surgery location (wait 4/6h to breastfeed) undiagnosed abd pain/hypoxia/ tachycardia/prostatic hypertrophy
renal or hepatic impairement What drug is in the Opioid antagonist class? Naloxone What is the action of Opioid antagonist? Antagonist (reverse opioid effect/prevents from responding to pain) What is Opioid antagonist drug used for? Post-op respiratory depression Reverse opioid effect Overdoses/addictions What are adverse reactions of Opioid antagonist drug? Increase BP Tachycardia Sweating Tremors What are precautions of Opioid antagonist drug? Pregnancy B Infants (due to mother's addiction) Opioid dependency Cardiac Disease
What drugs are in the pre-anesthesia cocktail? Fentanyl Glycopyrrolate Midazolam Phenergan What are the adverse reactions of Anesthesia? Decreased vital signs Malignant Hyperthermic (severe reaction; general anesthesia) Tachycardia Tachypnea (rapid breathing) Muscle rigidity Increased Temperature Diaphoretic (sweating; cause severe hyperkalemia) What are nursing implications for Anesthesia? Check for history with anesthesia Assess physical condition of the pt Review what surgery, length of surgery & age of pt Pre-Op PACU What is Cholinergic drugs used for? Increase urination Stimulate secretions
Increased peristalsis (contraction/relaxation of muscles) Decrease Myasthenia Gravis Urine retention What is the action of Cholinergic drugs? Bethanichol (drug) Acts as parasympathetic nervous system Increase salivary glands Slows down HR (dilate blood vessels) Sends blood to GI tract What are the adverse reactions of Cholinergic drugs? Diarrhea Increased Salivation Abd Cramping Arrhythmias Muscle Weakness What are contraindications of Cholinergic drugs? Don't give to asthma pt, PUD, CAD & hyperthyroid PTs Obstruction of the GI or GI tract With use of ahminoglycosides or corticosteroids What are nursing implications for Cholinergic drugs? Monitor for micturition (voiding of urine)
Dysuria Decrease sweating Nasal congestion Mydriasis (dilated pupil) Cycloplegia (paralysis; inability to focus the eye) What are contraindications of cholinergic blocking drugs? Patients with
- myasthenia gravis
- tachycardia
- MI
- HF (unless bradycardia is present) What are precautions of cholinergic blocking drugs? Patients with
- GI Infections
- Benign prostatic hypertrophy
- Urinary Retention
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hepatic/Renal failure Older age (65 & up) Pregnancy category C Allergies & cold s/s & induce sleep What are nursing implications for cholinergic blocking drugs?
Monitor for constipation & dry mouth. What drugs are considered Antacids? Calcium Carbonate (TUMS) Magnesium Hydroxide (MOM) Aluminum Hydroxide (Amphojel) Sodium Bicarb (Alka Setzer) What drugs are considered H2 Antagonist? Cimetidine Famotidine Ranitidine What drugs considered Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI)? Esomeprazole Omeprazole Pantoprazole What are Upper GI (antacids, H2 antagonist & PPIs) drugs used for? GERD PUD Heartburn Indigestion What is the action of antacids?
Pregnancy caterogry C What drug is in the GI Stimulants class? Metoclopramide What is GI stimulants medications used for? GERD Gastric Stasis (failure to move food out of stomach) for DIABETICS, N/V DUE TO CHEMO, & IMMEDIATE POSTOP What is the adverse reactions of GI Stimulants medications? Usually mild s/s. Higher Dose= Restlessness Drowsiness Extrapyramidal Effect (involuntary movement) TREMOR Facial Grimacing Depression What is the action of GI Stimulants? Increases peristalsis (contraction/relaxation of muscles) Treats delayed gastric emptying, & emesis. What are contraindications of GI Stimulants? GI Obstruction Gastric Perforation
Hemorrhage Pheochromocytoma (vascular tumor) Parkinson Disease Seizure Disorder What are precautions for GI stimulants? In patients with: Diabetes Cardiac Disease Pregnancy Category B What drugs are in anti-emetic class? Promethazine (short-acting) Ondansetron (long-acting) (Zofran) What is the action of anti-emetic drugs? Treat/prevent nausea & vomiting Decrease sensation in the medulla What are anti-emetic drugs used for? Surgery Radiation Hyperemesis What are the adverse reactions of anti-emetic drugs?
What are the adverse reactions of emetics drugs? Ondansetron (Zofran) : Headache/Dizziness/Diarrhea/Constipation What drugs are in the Sulfonamides class? Silvadene Bactrim What is sulfonamide drugs used for? E. coli Staph Infections (Bacterial skin & eye infection) UTI Acute Otitis Media Ulcer Colitis Slivadene: treat/prevent 2nd & 3rd degree burns What is the action of sulfonamide drugs? Bacteriostatic (slow growth) What are the adverse reactions of sulfonamide drugs? Stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) Crystalluria (crystals in the urine) Steven Johnson Syndrome Aplastic Anemia TEN Anorexia
Urticaria (hives) Pruritus (itching) What are nursing interventions for sulfonamide drugs? 1 - 2 hours with meals Increase water 2L H2O a day to prevent crystalluria STOP MED IF PT DEVELOP URTICARIA Inspect mouth & provide oral care Use soft toothbrush Encourage/Instruct soft foods NO acidic drinks What are contraindications of sulfonamide drugs? Children younger than 2 Near end of pregnancy (category D) Infection caused by group A B-hemolytic What are precautions of sulfonamide drugs? Renal/Hepatic Impairment Bronchial Asthma Allergies Pregnant women to treat Toxoplasmosis gondii infections Pregnancy category C
