Introduction to Cells & Microscopy
Nucleotide and Nucleic Acid
Structure
Adapted from Prof. Dean Tolan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Guidelines and tips
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Understanding Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, Lecture notes of Molecular biology
An introduction to the structure of nucleotides and nucleic acids, the central dogma of molecular biology, and the processes of replication, transcription, and translation. It covers the concepts of glycosidic and phosphodiester bonds, Chargaff's rules, and the role of B-Form DNA in storing and transmitting genetic information.
Typology: Lecture notes
2021/2022
1 / 40
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Related documents
Partial preview of the text
Download Understanding Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology and more Lecture notes Molecular biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Introduction to Cells & Microscopy
Nucleotide and Nucleic Acid
Structure
Adapted from Prof. Dean Tolan
Outline of today’s supplemental lecture
Nucleotide and nucleic acid structure
Central Dogma
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Quiz at the end of the lecture
Nucleic acid – polymer of nucleotides – directionality 5’
3’
When you write a sequence:
ATCG
It is assumed that the 5’-end ison the left and the 3’-end is onthe right, unless otherwiselabeled.
5’-ATCG-3’
Phosphodiester bond
B-Form DNA
http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/voet/0470129301/kinemages/exercise_2.html
- Table 3-
- Figure 3-
Video: Computer-simulated space-filling model of DNA.
SUMMARY
(34 Å)
Right-handed, antiparallel, double-stranded helix
. With the
“
base
complementarity
,”
it explains
genetic material: •^
Storage of genetic information
-^
Replication
-^
Information retrival
sugar–phosphatebackbone(phosphodiesterbonds)
From DNA to Protein: Gene Expression
- Central Dogma: from Genes to Proteins• Replication of the genes (DNA
DNA)
- Transcribing the information (DNA
RNA)
- Translating the nucleotide sequence into
protein sequence (RNA
Protein)
- The Genetic Code– Protein Biosynthesis
Central Dogma
The
central dogma
of molecular biology
Replication
Information Flow
DNA replication is semiconservative (Meselson-Stahl Expt)
Arthur Kornberg showed that DNA contains
information for its own replication. He combined in a test tube: DNA, the four
deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates(dNTPs–monomers),
DNA polymerase,
salts (Mg
), and buffer.
The DNA served as a
template
for
synthesis of new DNA.
DNA Replication
ALL
polymerases
add nucleotides tothe 3
end
(Direction is termed 5’
3’)
Pyrophosphatase
34
Each New DNA Strand Grows from Its 5
´^
End to Its 3
´^
End