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NUR 102 2C FUNDAMENTALS FINAL REVIEW
KEISER U NIV ERSIT Y STUDY GUIDE / COMPLETE
QU ESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS /
LATEST 2026 GRADED A+
◉ The guy that fell out of the treat experienced what kind of pain? Answer: Somatic pain
◉ Post op education for a pt regarding pain includes: Answer: - relaxtion techniques (music, headphones, meditation) -deep breathing before painful procedures -teaching pt to take meds before pain gets severe
◉ Regarding risk factors for a sleeping infant, which two would you not select? (This was a select all that apply from test 3) Answer: SIDS is NOT the most common cause of death Sleeping supine is NOT the most modifiable
The rest on this select all that apply are correct :)
◉ Things that could cause OSA include: Answer: obesity, alcohol, large neck, deviated septum
◉ A pt with sleep apnea should be instructed to: Answer: Get 6- hours of sleep
◉ IV's and IM injections are considered to be: (invades the skin) Answer: parental
◉ Most important organs: Answer: Brain (neurologic), heart (cardio), and lungs (pulmonary)
◉ If a pt has a sodium level of 120, what should you do? (most important thing) Answer: They have hyponatremia and need to be put on SEIZURE PRECAUTIONS
◉ Most important thing to check for when administering narcotics: Answer: respirations
◉ Things you can collaborate with pt on: Answer: -health promotion
-end of life care
there is a 3rd one (select all that apply) but we can't remember what it was. So just know that there are 3 lol
◉ Shoulder pain/back pain related to appendicitis would be what kind of pain? Answer: reffered
NOT that there will be puss because not all wounds will have pus. (Pus indicates infection)
◉ ***Immunizations and screening DO NOT Answer: prevent diseases
◉ ****Testicular exams should: Answer: be performed by adolescents regularly
◉ What is religion? Answer: Systematic and routine/organized. Structure of Spirituality
◉ What is spirituality? Answer: Searching the meaning of life. Affects behavior which effects decisions
◉ When should you assess a pts spirituality? Answer: change in diagnosis, before any major procedures
◉ Before making important decisions or before major procedures, a pt may turn to: Answer: Elders/chaplains/ higher authority within religion
◉ Some cultures may prefer what when receiving care? Answer: Males may prefer to be treated by males
Females may prefer to be treated by females
◉ If the patient is wearing or has medallions/ religious articles on prior to procedure: Answer: -Educate pt on why they shouldn't wear it
-Ask patient to explain about wishes for care
-Respect their decision
◉ What should you do for a pt who has rituals or spirituality needs? Answer: allow them time and space to practice
◉ If you have stereotypes about religions/cultures, what should you do? Answer: Educate yourself to get past it
◉ What do you do if a pts spirituality is against your beliefs or something you're not comfortable with? Answer: Ask another nurse, get family member, chaplain (ask if they want a chaplain or other person, don't just bring one in without their permission).
◉ A translator must be: Answer: licensed
-Vastus Lateralis Muscle -Place one hand above the patella and one hand below the greater trochanter. Divide that area into 3 parts and inject in the middle.
-Ventroguteal Muscle-Place palm on greater trochanter with thumb anterior to patients body. Place index finger on anterior iliac spine and middle finger on iliac crest. Inject in the middle V.
-Deltoid Muscle-Find the acromion process and place fingers 2- breadths below (base of triangle), then draw an imaginary line at the axilla(tip of triangle). Inject needle into the center of this triangle.
◉ Giving IM's to different populations: Answer: Not completely sure
- hopefully can clear up in study group. Maybe talking about obese population..?
◉ Most effective routes for medication administration in order/bioavailability: Answer: Parenteral (IV, IM), liquid suspensions
◉ Why do some medications need to be in a liquid form? Answer: for the body to more easily absorb it.
◉ If a medication error has been made, what is your first priority? Answer: assess for adverse effects
◉ Always determine plan of care based on: Answer: ABC's, LOC, safety (falls), pain
◉ A pt with multiple meds has: Answer: poly-pharmacy
Make sure you tell them to go to the same pharmacist for all of their prescriptions :)
◉ What causes deficit (Hypovolemia): Answer: blood loss, vomiting, diarrhea
◉ S/S Fluid volume deficit: Answer: Urine concentration, Orthostatic hypotension, pulse weak and thready (think low VS)
◉ Fluid volume excess S/S: Answer: bounding pulse, edema, hypertension
Think too much water, heart working harder to push out fluid
◉ Hypernatremia can cause: Answer: fluid volume excess
◉ Education for a pt on low sodium diet: Answer: no canned food, eat fresh or frozen
Prevention/slow onset of disease
Secondary Prevention
detect and treat illnesses in early stages
Teritiary Prevention
stopping disease progression; return to pre-illness state
◉ During the nursing process, if your pt is at risk for something what should your goal focus on? Answer: prevention (you do not want your patient to get it)
◉ Nursing diagnoses for pneumonia/CHF Answer: ineffective airway clearance/poor gas exchange
◉ Nursing diagnosis for respiratory Answer: ineffective airway clearance, ineffective breathing patterns
◉ Signs and symptoms of acute infection: Answer: • Swollen lymph nodes
- Sore throat
- Vomiting- watch for dehydration
- Diarrhea- watch for dehydration
- Fever
- Cough
- Rash
- Hypertension
- Tachycardia
- Hypercapnia
- Hypoxia
- Tachypnea
- Oliguria- decreased urine production
- Anuria- no urine production
- Seizures
- Coma
- Inflammatory response
- Fatigue
- High WBC
◉ Examples of acute Infections: Answer: • Influenza
◉ Systemic inflammation indicates: Answer: infection
administer. This test can be done on any body fluid or tissue or exudates and is critical in the management of infections.
◉ Contact Precautions are used: Answer: Used when known or suspected contagious disease is present. Direct or indirect contact with patient or something in the room.
-Gloves
-Gown
Diseases: HSV, Scabies, HEP A, RSV, MDRO's multidrug-resistant organisms), MRSA, C.Dif
◉ Standard precautions are used: Answer: WITH EVERY PATIENT - ****So make sure if you see that stupid select all that apply question YOU SELECT ALL OF THEM.
ie Gloves
Use judgement about whether other PPE is necessary:
Eyewear
Mask
Gown
◉ Airborne Precautions are used: Answer: when known or suspected contagious disease can be transmitted by means of SMALL droplets suspended in the air. (Greater distance and longer time than larger droplets)
N95 Mask personally fitted for you-inclusive and can't breathe anything in
Gloves
Gown
Diseases: Varicella, Rubeola, Shingles, Measles, *****Tuberculosis, Shingles
◉ Droplet precautions are used: Answer: Used when known or suspected contagious disease can be transmitted through LARGE droplets suspended in air
Mask
Gloves
Gown
Eye Protection
-Draws fluid out of interstitial space into colon to expand
-Uses hypertonic solution
-Normal saline is not hypertonic
-Often small volume
Carminative Enema- herb that releases gas
-Relieves gas
Oil Retention Enema
-small volume enema
-oil based to soften hard stool
Medication enema
-delivers medications to to combat infection, anti- emetics, ect. Bypasses normal route
◉ Bulk forming laxatives do what? Answer: draw water so you need to have lots of water with it (i.e. metamucil)
◉ Types of laxatives: Answer: -Osmotic- pulls water into colon. Has sodium and mag+
Ex: Go lytely, saline, milk of magnesia
-Stimulants- irritate intestinal walls. BM should occur w/in 6-12 hrs
Ex: Exlax, correctol, CAFFEINE
-Bulk forming- reabsorbs water into intestine increasing Peristalsis- involuntary constriction/relaxation of intestinal muscles to push contents forward- gets shit moving lol
Ex: Metamucil- is bulk forming, Fibercon
Stool softeners (emollient)
Ex: Colace
◉ Constipation IS NOT based on: Answer: frequency of elimination
Just because you haven't gone to the bathroom for some time, doesn't necessarily mean you're constipated.
***Also a pt who hasn't had a bowel movement in 2 days IS FINE. This is normal.
◉ Non pharm treatments (including diet) for constipation: Answer: Increase fluid Intake!!!
◉ Endoscopy (what it looks for and prep/procedure): Answer: passed through mouth, visualizes esophagus-stomach
-Prescribed for pts w/ difficulty swallowing, vomiting, bleeding, gastric reflux (GERD), abdominal pain, chest pain (can be caused by GERD)
Prep:
-NPO 8 hrs prior
-Sedation
Know what to monitor post sedation, ---monitor gag reflex prior to eating/drinking- best positions to prevent aspiration, VS- especially respiratory,
◉ Types of incontinence: Answer: Urinary Incontinence- inability to control your bladder, involuntary release of urine
Stress Incontinence- leakage of small amounts of urine during physical activity, sneezing, coughing, ect. Anything that increases pressure on abdominal cavity
Urge incontinence- SUDDEN urge to void, and cannot hold it. Happens unexpectedly even during sleep
Overflow- unexpected leakage of small amounts because bladder is full
◉ Daily urine output of normal adult: Answer: 1440 ml/day
30-60ml/hour
◉ Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) & Creatinine levels tell you what? Answer: tell how kidney is functioning. If lab values are elevated or decreased this indicates poor function!!!
THIS IS A BLOOD LAB TEST!!!
Decreased kidney function can cause drug toxicity
◉ Normal Creatinine levels Answer: 0.6 - 1.2 mg/dL women
0.8 - 1.4 mg/dL
(so think 1 - 1.5)
◉ Normal values for BUN in the blood are: Answer: 7 to 20 mg/dL
◉ What can a UAP not do during a 24 hour urine test? Answer: cannot assess, plan, or do anything invasive
