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NUR 209 Reproductive
endomentrium - ANSWER>>>>>>>lining of the uterus endomentriosis - ANSWER>>>>>>>condition characterized by migration of portions of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity myometrium - ANSWER>>>>>>>muscle layer of the uterus perimetrium - ANSWER>>>>>>>outer thin layer that covers the surface of the uterus Where is the egg fertilization? - ANSWER>>>>>>>Fertilization usually takes place in a fallopian tube that links an ovary to the uterus. What is an ectopic pregnancy? - ANSWER>>>>>>>Tubal pregnancy, when a fertilized egg develops outside the uterus (usually in the fallopian tube). High risk for rupture and death. What is dilation of the cervix? - ANSWER>>>>>>>The expansion or stretching of the cervix during the 1st stage of labor Where is the egg implanted? - ANSWER>>>>>>>uterus What is the menstrual cycle? - ANSWER>>>>>>>Time period when blood, tissue and unfertilized egg leaves the body A menstrual cycle begins when you get your perio. This is when you shed the lining of your uterus. What is the menstrual phase? - ANSWER>>>>>>>the follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase. What are the phases of the reproductive cycle - ANSWER>>>>>>>follicle phase →
- follicles grow estrus → luteal phase →
- ↑ progesterone follicle →
- if not pregnant: hormones decline estrus →
- start over
- the reproductive cycle is defined by hormones and behavior
- phases more clear with longer cycles (days)
When does the menstrual cycle start - ANSWER>>>>>>>first day of menses/bleeding What is the menstrual cycle called? - ANSWER>>>>>>>menarche What is the vulva? - ANSWER>>>>>>>external labia, clitoris, uretha What is the mons pubis? - ANSWER>>>>>>>A mound of fat and connective tissue on the pubic bone, covered with hair after puberty. Marks the front of the vulva labia majora - ANSWER>>>>>>>the larger outer folds of the vulva. labia minora (inner lips) - ANSWER>>>>>>>Two small hairless, light-colored membranes located between the labia majora. clitoris - ANSWER>>>>>>>a small sensitive and erectile part of the female genitals at the anterior end of the vulva. urethral meatus - ANSWER>>>>>>>the opening through which urine leaves the body vaginal vestibule - ANSWER>>>>>>>contains external openings of vagina and urethra enclosed by labia minora the cleft between the labia minora and behind the glans clitorids perineum (female) - ANSWER>>>>>>>an area between the thighs that mark the approximate lower boundary of the pelvis and is occupied by the urinary and genital ducts and rectum Vagina - ANSWER>>>>>>>A muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body a stretchy, muscular canal that's an important part of reproduction Uterus - ANSWER>>>>>>>A hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of the female, in which the embryo is nourished and develops before birth Female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus. fallopian tubes - ANSWER>>>>>>>tubes which carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus and which provides the place where fertilization occurs a pair of tubes with fingerlike projections that draw in the ovum Ovum - ANSWER>>>>>>>A mature egg cell Ovaries - ANSWER>>>>>>>one of a pair of female glands in which the eggs form and the female hormones estrogen and progesterone are made Testes - ANSWER>>>>>>>male gonads
luteal phase- LH and progesterone are the primary hormones released during this phase. What is Mittleschmerz pelvic pain? - ANSWER>>>>>>>pain from ovulation at midcycle Sharp pain in the right lower quadrant or the left lower quadrant. Sometimes felt midcycle and around the time of ovulation. How long does the menstrual cycle last? - ANSWER>>>>>>>28 days on average What are the symptoms of perimenopause? - ANSWER>>>>>>>-Night sweats and hot flashes*
- Breast tenderness between periods
- Irregular periods
- Bloating
- Panic attacks/Depression
- Weight gain
- Fluctuating moods and irritability
- Dry vagina and Atrophic Vaginitis
- Little interest in sex
- Memory/concentration problems
- Hair loss
- Apathy (lack of interest in things they used to do)
- Dysuria and frequency What is menopause and when does it occur? - ANSWER>>>>>>>The period of life when prompted by hormonal changes, ovulation and menstruation cease. Estrogen production declines Normally occurs between the ages of 46- 54 Period must be gone for at least 1 year What are the symptoms of menopause - ANSWER>>>>>>>Vasomotor symptoms Hot flashes Perspiration Palpitations Psychologic symptoms Mood changes Irritability Depression Insomnia Target Tissue Urinary symptoms Vaginal discharge, dryness, dyspareunia Vulvar pruritus or burning The nurse taking the gynecologic history of a postmenopausal Mexican American patient can help develop rapport by: (select all that apply)
- establishing direct eye contact
- involving family members
- touching the patient
- using a polite tone of voice
- respecting her privacy - ANSWER>>>>>>>2,4 and 5 What is the proper application of a diaphragm? - ANSWER>>>>>>>A vaginal diaphragm is a barrier form of birth control. When used with spermicide, it prevents pregnancy by blocking sperm from reaching your uterus. It has an 87% effectiveness rate. Diaphragms don't protect against STIs. Using a diaphragm and a condom together greatly reduces your pregnancy risk while providing protection against STIs. Insert at least 4 hours prior to intercourse Remove your diaphragm between six to 24 hours after intercourse. When should a person conduct a self breast exam? - ANSWER>>>>>>>1 week after menstruation beings When should pap smears begin? - ANSWER>>>>>>>21 years of age and ending around 65 years of age What carries the sperm to the seminal vertical? - ANSWER>>>>>>>Vas Deferens Where is sperm stored? - ANSWER>>>>>>>epididymis Where is sperm produced? - ANSWER>>>>>>>seminiferous tubules of the testes How long does a menstrual cycle last? - ANSWER>>>>>>>2-8 days How mush blood is lost during a menstrual cycle? - ANSWER>>>>>>>30-80 mL characteristic of the vagina - ANSWER>>>>>>>Warm Moist Dark vault in which microorganisms can flourish What is HPV? - ANSWER>>>>>>>human papilloma virus An infection that causes warts in various parts of the body, depending on the strain. What is the HPV vaccine? - ANSWER>>>>>>>Gardasil 9 What is a STD? - ANSWER>>>>>>>sexually transmitted disease What are STI's? - ANSWER>>>>>>>Diseases and infections spread from person to person through sexual intercourse, oral-genital contact or Iv drug use (shared needles) Sexually transmitted diseases, or venereal diseases. The single most important cause of reproductive disorders.
spermatic cord - ANSWER>>>>>>>It extends upward from the epididymis and is attached to each testicle It contains the blood vessels and nerves that supply the testes seminiferous tubules - ANSWER>>>>>>>site of sperm production vas deferens - ANSWER>>>>>>>tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra Stores sperm and then carries it to the ejaculatory duct by peristaltic movements What is the hypthalamus? - ANSWER>>>>>>>endocrine system regulation - site of hunger - sleep & wake cycle - BP - aggressive & sexual behavior - emotional responses (blushing, rage, depression) --controls the autonomic NS What is GnRH and what does it do? - ANSWER>>>>>>>gonadotropin releasing hormone, stimulates release of FSH and LH Who has testosterone? - ANSWER>>>>>>>both males and females Who has estrogen? - ANSWER>>>>>>>females and males fertility - ANSWER>>>>>>>A person's ability to conceive children Both the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous system influence the normal sexual response cycle What are some male screening and assessments - ANSWER>>>>>>>Testicular self exam testicular cancer - ANSWER>>>>>>>malignant tumor in one or both testicles commonly developing from the germ cells that produce sperm; classified in two groups according to growth potential cancer of the testicle, usually occurring in men 15 to 35 years of age testicular self-examination - ANSWER>>>>>>>perform monthly and on same day perform while taking hot shower bc temps will relax scrotal tissue and make testis hang lower in scrotum use both hands to feel each testis separately palpate gently using thumb and first 2 fingers Beta-Endorpins (βE) - ANSWER>>>>>>>- come from hypothalamus
- affect insulin (-) and glucagon (+)
- assist in blood glucose regulation
- when exercise intensity is >= 70%, VO2 max can increase circulating βE
- longer exercise duration will increase βE further
PMS (premenstrual syndrome) - ANSWER>>>>>>>Symptoms occur between ovulation and menstruation Nervous tension, mood swings, headaches, bloating, irritability PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) - ANSWER>>>>>>>group of symptoms similar to but more severe than PMS, including severe mood disturbances Abnormal serotonin responses to normal changes in the estrogen levels during the menstrual cycle PMDD treatment - ANSWER>>>>>>>Similar drugs but consider Oral contraceptives can be effective Intermittent SSRI and SNRIs during luteal phase dysmenorrhea - ANSWER>>>>>>>pain caused by uterine cramps during a menstrual period 6 - 12 months after the start of menarche Dysmenorrhea treatment - ANSWER>>>>>>>Treat underlying cause Analgesics, NSAIDs, Aspirin, heat, oral contraceptives. Whole grains, legumes, fruit, vegetables, and nuts. Avoid sugars, alcohol, caffeine, dairy products, and salt. secondary dysmenorrhea - ANSWER>>>>>>>painful menstruation that begins during adult life(around age 25) , usually as a consequence of a pelvic disorder Cause by pelvic pathology Dull lower abdominal pain that radiates to the back pelvis pathology - ANSWER>>>>>>>Endometriosis Endometritis Adenomyosis Pelvic inflammatory disease edometriosis - ANSWER>>>>>>>abnormal condition in which tissue that contains typical endometrial elements is present outside the uterus Which nursing intervention would help relieve symptoms of dysmenorrhea? - ANSWER>>>>>>>Pelvic-rock exercises Effleurage Low-fat diet Prostaglandins inhibitors primary infertility vs secondary infertility - ANSWER>>>>>>>- Primary: couple that has never had a child Inability to conceive a child after 1 yr of trying
- Secondary: at least one conception has occurred but the couple cannot achieve a pregnancy
- Obstruction due to metastasis orchitis - ANSWER>>>>>>>inflammation of the testes; can follow an injury or viral infection such as mumps TURP - ANSWER>>>>>>>transurethral resection of the prostate the surgical removal of part of the prostate gland. It is one option available to relieve the symptoms of an enlarged prostate or other benign (non-cancerous) prostate disease. It is by far the most common of the surgical procedures used for benign prostate disease. TUIP (transurethral incision of the prostate) - ANSWER>>>>>>>surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder neck and the prostate gland TUNA - ANSWER>>>>>>>Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) of the prostate is a procedure used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It is performed by placing interstitial radiofrequency (RF) needles through the urethra and into the lateral lobes of the prostate, causing heat-induced coagulation necrosis. TUMT (transurethral microwave thermotherapy) - ANSWER>>>>>>>treatment that eliminates excess tissue present in benign prostatic hyperplasia by using heat generated by microwave transurethral microwave thermotherapy procedure During the procedure, a small antenna is inserted into the tip of the penis through the urethra and threaded to the prostate. The antenna will release microwave energy that will heat and destroy the excess prostate tissue, blocking the flow of urine. retrograde ejaculation - ANSWER>>>>>>>the backward expulsion of semen into the bladder rather than out of the urethral opening impotence - ANSWER>>>>>>>erectile dysfunction
