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NUR |\ 2474 |\Rasmussen |\Pharm |\Exam |\ 2 |\with
|\answers
Loop |\Diuretics |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Furosemide Thiazide |\Diuretics |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Hydrochlorothiazide |(HCTZ) K |\Sparing |\Diuretics |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Spironolactone ACE |\Inhibitors |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔lisinopril, |
captopril Angiotensin |\ 2 |\Receptor |\Blockers |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Losartan Calcium |\Channel |\Blockers |\heart |\and |\vessels |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔Verapamil, |\Dilitizaem Calcium |\Channel |\Blockers |\vessels |\only |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔nifedipine
Beta |\Blockers |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Metoprolol Cardiac |\Glycosides |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Digoxin K |\channel |\blocker |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Amiodarone HMG-CoA |\Reductase |\Inhibitors |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Lovastatin Bile |\Acid |\Sequestrants |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Cholestyramine Colesevelam Colestipol Nitrates |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Nitroglycerin Anticoagulant |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Heparin Long |\term |\anticoagulant |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Warfarin Direct |\thrombin |\inhibitors |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Dabigatran
Methylxanthines |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Theophylline Anticholinergics |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Ipratropium Tiotropium H2 |\receptor |\antagonists |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Cimetidine Ranitidine Famotidine Nizatidine PPI |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Omeprazole Pantoprazole Mucosal |\Protectants |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Sucralfate Types |\of |\Antacids |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Aluminum |
salts Magnesium |\salts Calcium |\salts Sodium |\bicarbonate
Bulk |\forming |\laxatives |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Psyllium Stimulant |\laxatives |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Senna Surfactant |\laxatives |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔docusate |
sodium Serotonin |\agonists |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔ondansetron Patient |\Education |\on |\using |\inhalers |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔For |\any |\patient |\prescribed |\an |\inhaler, |\the |\RN |\should |
ensure |\the |\client |\can |\self |\administer |\the |\medication. Teach |\back |\needed The |\patient |\should |\wait |\1-2 |\minutes |\between |\puffs The |\patient |\should |\wait |\ 5 |\minutes |\between |\ 2 |\different |
inhalers The |\patient |\should |\take |\a |\bronchodilator |\before |\a |
corticosteroid |\medication |(B |\before |\C) The |\patient |\must |\keep |\track |\of |\doses |\on |\their |\inhaler If |\opening |\a |\new |\inhaler, |\the |\patient |\should |\shake |\it |\and |
test |\before |\use. If |\dexterity |\is |\limited, |\a |\spacer |\can |\be |\used |\to |\get |\more |
medication |\in |\the |\airway.
Non |\bronchodilation Can |\take |\several |\weeks |\to |\show COPD |\treatment |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Bronchodilator- |
short |\acting |\albuterol Steroid Must |\keep |\o2 |\saturation |\between |\88-92% Most |\asthma |\treatments |\require |\what? |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔Combination |\of |\medications- |\most |
medications |\cannot |\be |\used |\alone |(need |\bronchodilator |
plus |\steroid) Rescue |\inhalers |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Quickly |\relax |
airways. albuterol, |\epinephrine, |\metaproterenol, |\IV |\steroid Long |\term |\inhalers |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔salmeterol, |
ipratropium, |\theophylline, |\montelukast |,fluticasone Treatment |\of |\acute |\asthma |\attack |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Oxygen |\use Short |\acting |\bronchodilator- |\albuterol Corticosteroid- |\ipratropium |\bromide |\IV
Will |\relieve |\hypoxemia, |\reduce |\airway |\inflammation, |\and |
relieve |\obstruction. Bronchodilator |\mechanism |\of |\action |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔mimics |\the |\sympathetic |\NS |\and |\opens |\up |\the |\lungs |
and |\stimulates |\beta |\receptors Fast |\acting |\vs. |\long |\term |\asthma |\relief |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔Fast |\acting: |\used |\for |\acute |\asthma |\relief, |
Long |\acting |\is |\for |\chronic |\asthma |\management |\and |\COPD AE |\of |\bronchodilators |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔tachycardia, |\angina, |\tremors, |\nervous |\and |\shaky |
feeling, |\hyperglycemia. Pt |\teaching |\for |\bronchodilators |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔ensure |\patient |\takes |\medication |\as |\prescribed |\and |
does |\not |\overuse |\short |\acting |\bronchodilator. |\Never |\use |\it |\alone |\with |\asthma |\treatment. Glucocorticoid |\mechanism |\of |\action |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔works |\to |\stop |\the |\inflammatory |\process |\in |\the |\lungs, |
preventing |\bronchoconstriction. |\Stabilizes |\WBC |
membranes |\that |\release |\bronchial |\constricting |
substances, |\increases |\bronchial |\smooth |\muscle |\beta |
adrenergic |\stimulation.
Tiotropium |\onset |\and |\therapeutic |\level |\timeframes |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Therapeutic |\effects |\start |\ 30 |\min |
post |\inhalation, |\peaks |\in |\ 3 |\hrs, |\and |\lasts |\ 24 |\hrs. |\With |
consistent |\dosing, |\bronchodilation |\will |\improve |\after |\ 8 |
days. Anticholinergic |\side |\effects |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔blurred |\vision, |\dry |\mouth, |\tachycardia, |\constipation, |
urinary |\retention How |\can |\we |\help |\aid |\patient |\experiencing |\anticholinergic |
effects? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔give |\hard |\candy |\or |
fluids |\to |\suck |\on OTC |\sympathomimetics |\and |\cardiac |\patients |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔Sympathomimetics |\stimulate |\the |\immune |
system |\and |\cause |\vasoconstriction |\widespread |\and |
interfere |\with |\BP. |\Found |\in |\many |\cold |\and |\allergy |
medications. |\Patients |\with |\cardiac |\problems |\must |\have |
caution |\with |\use |\of |\these |\drugs |\and |\hypertension |
treatment. Treatment |\principles |\of |\cold |\symptoms |\in |\children |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Must |\treat |\individual |\symptoms. |
Many |\medications |\used |\OTC |\to |\treat |\colds |\are |
combination |\medications.
In |\children, |\it |\can |\be |\dangerous |\if |\used |\as |\a |\combination |
medication |\for |\a |\cold. The |\parent |\should |\treat |\the |\symptoms |\only |\with |
individual |\agents |\and |\only |\with |\agents |\indicated |\for |
pediatric |\use. Best |\preventions |\of |\NSAID |\induced |\ulcer |\formation? |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Use |\PPI |\or |\H2receptor |\blocker |\and |\stop |\NSAID |\if |\possible NSAID |\use |\increases |\what? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Ulcer |\formation Antacids: |\Mechanism |\of |\Action |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Do |\not |\prevent |\the |\overproduction |\of |\acid |\but |\instead |
help |\to |\neutralize |\acid |\secretions Promote |\gastric |\mucosal |\defense |\mechanisms Stimulate |\secretion |\of: -Mucus: |\protective |\barrier |\against |\HCl -Bicarbonate: |\helps |\buffer |\acidic |\properties |\of |\HCl -Prostaglandins: |\prevent |\activation |\of |\proton |\pump
sphincter, |\allowing |\for |\acid |\to |\go |\up |\into |\the |\esophagus |
from |\the |\stomach. Will |\use |\PPI |\if |\anything |\to |\help. Once |\patient |\stops |\PPI, |\they |\can |\relapse |\and |\have |\GERD |
symptoms Relapse |\of |\GERD |\is |\often |\why |\medications |\are |\taken |\for |
long |\term |\maintenance. |\However, |\short |\term |\use |\may |
occur |\also. PPI |\mechanism |\of |\action |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔help |\to |
prevent |\movement |\of |\hydrogen |\ions |\from |\cells |\into |\the |
stomach. |\causes |\all |\gastric |\acid |\secretions |\to |\be |\blocked |
(no |\HCl |\is |\produced!) PPI |\uses |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔GERD, |\esophagitis, |
short |\term |\gastric |\and |\duodenal |\ulcers, |\NSAID |\ulcers, |
stress |\ulcers, |\H. |\pylori |\formed |\ulcers. Adverse |\effects |\of |\PPI |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔HA, |\GI |
effects- |\D,N,V, |\pneumonia, |\osteoporosis, |\fractures, |
hypomagnesemia, |\c.diff, |\gastric |\cancer. Route |\to |\give |\PPI |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔PO IV NG
PPI |\and |\use |\in |\older |\adults |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔encourage |\older |\adults |\to |\consume |\adequate |\calcium |
and |\vitamin |\D |\on |\PPI, |\as |\therapy |\can |\increase |\risk |\for |
fractures |\and |\osteoporosis. Sucralfate |\mechanism |\of |\action |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔It |\works |\by |\attaching |\and |\binding |\to |\the |\base |\of |
ulcers, |\forming |\a |\proactive |\barrier |\over |\the |\area. |\It |\can |
then |\protect |\areas |\from |\pepsin |\that |\can |\break |\down |
proteins |\and |\make |\ulcers |\worse. Sucralfate |\uses |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔treats |\stress |
ulcers |\and |\PUD. Adverse |\effects |\of |\sucralfate |\use |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔constipation, |\nausea, |\dry |\mouth. What |\must |\we |\do |\when |\administering |\sucralfate? |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔must |\give |\other |\drugs |\ 2 |\hrs |
before |\due |\to |\impairment |\of |\other |\drug |\absorption What |\should |\we |\do |\first |\before |\giving |\a |\patient |
medications |\such |\as |\laxatives |\for |\constipation? |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔assessment |\rule |\out |\other |\causes
How |\do |\opiate |\laxatives |\work? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Works |\to |\decrease |\bowel |\motility |\and |\reduce |\pain |\by |
relief |\of |\muscle |\spasms. |\They |\also |\decrease |\transit |\time |
of |\stool |\through |\the |\bowel, |\allowing |\more |\time |\for |\water |
and |\electrolytes |\to |\be |\absorbed. Opiate |\laxatives |\use |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔patients |
with |\frequent |\diarrhea, |\to |\decrease |\stool |\in |\ileostomy |\and |\decrease |\diarrhea |\from |\opioid |\withdrawal. Important |\opiate |\laxative |\consideration |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔If |\a |\patient |\takes |\too |\much |\of |\an |\opiate |\due |
to |\its |\dependent |\effects, |\a |\patient |\may |\experience |\s/s |
similar |\to |\morphine |\and |\may |\cause |\an |\increased |
constipation. |\The |\patient |\will |\need |\naloxone |\to |\help |
reverse |\this |\cause. Senna |\mechanism |\of |\action |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔stimulates |\the |\intestines |\and |\works |\to |\increase |
peristalsis |\via |\intestinal |\nerve |\stimulation. What |\side |\effect |\is |\important |\to |\teach |\patient |\regarding |
Senna |\use? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔must |\teach |\the |
patient |\they |\may |\have |\a |\yellow/brown |\or |\pink |\color |\to |\the |\urine |\that |\is |\harmless.
Surgical |\patients |\and |\use |\of |\stool |\softeners |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔Stool |\softeners |\will |\help |\the |\stool |\pass |
easier |\through |\the |\hypoactive |\bowel. |\It |\will |\not |\stimulate |
bowel |\activity. Will |\help |\with |\post |\surgical |\constipation. Ondansetron |\mechanism |\of |\action |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔blocks |\receptors |\located |\in |\the |\vagal |\nerve, |\GI |\tract, |
and |\chemoreceptor |\trigger |\zones |\in |\the |\CNS. Ondansetron |\treats... |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔nausea |
and |\vomiting, |\CINV, |\post |\op |\NV Side |\effects |\of |\ondansetron |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔HA, |
diarrhea, |\dizziness, |\prolonged |\QT |\interval, |\risk |\of |\torsades |\de |\pointes concurrent |\use |\of |\furosemide |\and |\digoxin |\causes |\what? |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔hypokalemia- |\must |\cease |\use |\of |
furosemide |\and |\switch |\to |\spironolactone |\and |\monitor |\K |
levels |\and |\EKG |\readings. |\Give |\K |\supplement |\to |\increase |\K |\levels |\if |\needed Loop |\diuretics |\do |\what? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔block |
absorption |\of |\Na, |\K |,Cl |\and |\water, |\
What |\nursing |\interventions |\should |\we |\do |\with |\the |\patient |
taking |\K |\sparing |\diuretics |/ |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔monitor |\ECG |\so |\we |\can |\assess |\for |\arrhythmia |\related |
to |\high |\K |\levels, |\no |\salt |\substitutes |\should |\be |\used Concurrent |\use |\of |\Furosemide |\and |\Gentamicin |\causes |
what? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔increased |\ototoxicity- |\pt |
must |\report |\s/s |\of |\tinnitus |\or |\hearing |\loss What |\causes |\angioedema? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔ACE |
inhibitors |\and |\A2RB |\use S/S |\of |\angioedema |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔facial |\and |
tongue |\swelling. |\Can |\be |\fatal. Patient |\education |\regarding |\angioedema |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔The |\patient |\with |\angioedema |\must |
discontinue |\ACE |\inhibitors |\or |\A2RB |\drugs |\and |\never |\use |
them |\again. ACE |\inhibitors |\and |\coughing |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Side |\effect |\of |\drug. |\Can |\be |\irritating. |\Due |\to |\increased |
bradykinin. |\Can |\give |\cough |\drops |\to |\help |\but |\if |\the |
patient |\doesn't |\tolerate |\coughing, |\we |\must |\switch |\them |
to |\another |\medication
Side |\effects |\of |\ACE |\inhibitors |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔1st |\dose |\hypotension, |\dry |\cough, |\angioedema, |
hyperkalemia, |\fetal |\injury. Pt |\teaching |\for |\1st |\dose |\hypotension |\with |\ACE |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔change |\position |\slowly Dry |\cough |\relief |\for |\ACE |\use |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Sucking |\on |\hard |\candy |\or |\cough |\drop. |\However, |\if |\they |\cannot |\handle |\the |\medication |\because |\of |\a |\cough, |\they |
must |\notify |\the |\provider |\to |\switch |\medication. Angioedema |\teaching |\for |\patient |\taking |\ACE |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔report |\s/s. |\never |\use |\ACE |\drugs |\again Hyperkalemia |\ACE |\teaching |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔The |
medication |\causes |\K |\retaining. |\They |\must |\avoid |\foods |
high |\in |\potassium. |\They |\also |\must |\avoid |\salt |\substitutes |
as |\they |\are |\full |\of |\potassium. Fetal |\harm |\patient |\teaching |\with |\ACE |\use |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔notify |\HCP |\if |\they |\are |\pregnant |\or |\plan |\to |\be |\pregnant |\while |\on |\the |\medication.
