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A set of 50 multiple-choice questions and answers related to maternal and pediatric nursing. Each question includes a verified explanation to solidify understanding and pinpoint weak areas. It is designed to help nursing students prepare for exams in maternal and pediatric nursing, covering topics such as adolescent psychosocial development, nutritional assessment, immunizations, pain management, and emergency triage. The questions also address specific conditions like patent ductus arteriosus and cystic fibrosis, providing a comprehensive review of key concepts in pediatric and maternal care. This resource is useful for students at galen college of nursing or any nursing program.
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1. The nurse is performing an assessment on an adolescent client. Which behavior suggests appropriate psychosocial development in this client? A. Prefers to spend time alone B. Thinks about peers’ opinions of them C. Avoids discussing feelings or thoughts D. Shows excessive dependence on parents Correct Answer: B. Thinks about peers’ opinions of them Verified Explanation: Adolescents typically display increased concern for peer acceptance and social identity, reflecting normal psychosocial development during this stage. Peer approval significantly influences adolescents’ self-esteem and decision-making processes. 2. The nurse is performing a nutritional assessment on an adolescent client. Which client statement best indicates that the client's diet is healthy? A. “I avoid vegetables because I don’t like them.” B. “I drink four glasses of water daily.” C. “My parents make sure I drink 8 glasses of water daily.” D. “I rarely eat breakfast because I’m not hungry.” Correct Answer: C. “My parents make sure I drink 8 glasses of water daily.” Verified Explanation: Adequate hydration is a fundamental component of a healthy diet, and consuming approximately 8 glasses of water daily is consistent with recommended fluid intake for adolescents. Statements reflecting poor hydration or restrictive eating habits indicate potential nutritional deficiencies.
Verified Explanation: The Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale is a validated pain assessment tool appropriate for preschool children, allowing them to self-report pain intensity through facial expressions. This facilitates an accurate assessment of analgesic effectiveness, beyond objective measures like vital signs, which can be influenced by other factors. (Reference: pg. 796)
5. The nurse is working in an emergency triage area where a parent brings in a child and states, "I think she got into my mother's medicine." After determining the medication the child ingested, which action should the nurse perform next? A. Induce vomiting B. Contact poison control center C. Observe the child for symptoms D. Administer activated charcoal immediately Correct Answer: B. Contact poison control center Verified Explanation: After identifying the ingested substance, the nurse’s priority action is to contact poison control for expert guidance regarding appropriate interventions, antidotes, or supportive care. Following consultation, the nurse should implement the recommendations from poison control to ensure safe and effective management. (Reference: pg. 895) 6. The nurse has attended a conference on immunizations. Which statement by the nurse indicates that teaching has been effective? A. “Children should not receive immunizations if they have a mild cold.” B. “Children who have a common cold may still receive an immunization.” C. “Immunizations can cause the diseases they are meant to prevent.” D. “Only children over the age of five can receive immunizations safely.”
Correct Answer: B. “Children who have a common cold may still receive an immunization.” Verified Explanation: Mild illness, such as a common cold without fever, is not a contraindication for immunization. Vaccinations can safely be administered unless the child has a moderate to severe illness with or without fever.
7. The nurse has provided discharge instructions to the parents of a 3-year-old who had a cardiac catheterization. Which statement by the parents indicates a correct understanding of the teaching? A. “We will remove the adhesive bandage strip as soon as we get home.” B. “We will keep the adhesive bandage dry and intact until advised otherwise.” C. “We should apply lotion to the catheter site twice daily.” D. “If the site bleeds, we will soak it in warm water.” Correct Answer: B. “We will keep the adhesive bandage dry and intact until advised otherwise.” Verified Explanation: Maintaining the integrity of the adhesive bandage as instructed is essential to prevent infection and promote hemostasis at the catheter insertion site. Parents should avoid prematurely removing the dressing unless instructed by the healthcare provider. (Reference: pg. 1227)
which helps increase systemic vascular resistance and reduces right-to-left shunting of blood.
11. The nurse is assessing an infant with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Which finding should the nurse anticipate the infant will have? A. Weak peripheral pulses B. Bounding pulses and widened pulse pressure C. Bradycardia and hypotension D. Muffled heart sounds with no murmur Correct Answer: B. Bounding pulses and widened pulse pressure Verified Explanation: PDA causes left-to-right shunting of blood, increasing pulmonary blood flow and systemic cardiac output, which manifests as bounding peripheral pulses and a widened pulse pressure characteristic of this defect. (Reference: pg. 1231) 12. The nurse is administering pancreatic enzymes to a client who has cystic fibrosis. Which should the nurse include in the client education concerning the administration of these enzymes? A. Pancreatic enzymes should be taken 1 hour after meals. B. Pancreatic enzymes can be sprinkled on a small amount of food before eating. C. Enzymes are ineffective if taken with food. D. Do not administer enzymes if the client is experiencing diarrhea. Correct Answer: B. Pancreatic enzymes can be sprinkled on a small amount of food before eating. Verified Explanation: Pancreatic enzymes are most effective when taken immediately before or with meals and snacks. Sprinkling the enzymes on a small amount of food improves adherence and efficacy by ensuring the enzymes enter the gastrointestinal tract simultaneously with food. (Reference: pg. 1165)
D. Encouraging the child to avoid outdoor activities Correct Answer: B. Meticulous handwashing for all members of the household Verified Explanation: Preventing infection through strict hand hygiene minimizes exposure to pathogens that can cause pulmonary infections, which are a leading cause of morbidity in children with cystic fibrosis.
18. The nurse is teaching the parents of a child who is newly diagnosed with Kawasaki disease. Which statement, if made by a parent, indicates correct understanding of the disease? A. “My child will have a high temperature during the acute phase of the illness.” B. “Kawasaki disease mostly affects the lungs.” C. “My child will not need any follow-up after treatment.” D. “The rash from Kawasaki disease is contagious.” Correct Answer: A. “My child will have a high temperature during the acute phase of the illness.” Verified Explanation: Kawasaki disease is characterized by a prolonged high fever during the acute phase, along with other symptoms such as rash and mucous membrane changes. The disease primarily affects the blood vessels, particularly coronary arteries. 19. The new nurse and preceptor are discussing assessment findings for a child with a congenital heart anomaly resulting in chronic cyanosis. Which observation, if stated by the nurse, requires follow-up education by the nurse preceptor? A. Clubbing of fingers B. Polycythemia C. High Body Mass Index (BMI) D. Cyanotic skin coloring Correct Answer: C. High Body Mass Index (BMI)
Verified Explanation: Children with chronic cyanotic heart disease typically experience failure to thrive and underweight status due to increased metabolic demands and poor oxygenation. A high BMI is unlikely in this population, and this misinterpretation requires correction.
20. The nurse is educating a family of a child who is about to return to school after being hospitalized for rheumatic fever with carditis. Which statement, if made by the family, indicates the need for follow-up instruction? A. “I will encourage my child to rest and avoid strenuous activity.” B. “My child will need regular follow-up visits with the cardiologist.” C. “I need to encourage my child to get back to normal sports practice schedule.” D. “I will monitor my child for signs of recurrent infection.” Correct Answer: C. “I need to encourage my child to get back to normal sports practice schedule.” Verified Explanation: Children recovering from rheumatic fever with carditis should avoid strenuous physical activity, including sports, until cleared by the healthcare provider to prevent cardiac complications. This statement indicates a need for further education regarding activity restrictions. (Reference: pg. 1252-1253) 21. The nurse is developing a plan of care for a child with croup. What should the nurse include in the care plan? A. Assess for barking cough B. Administer intravenous antibiotics C. Encourage high-intensity physical activity D. Limit oral fluid intake Correct Answer: A. Assess for barking cough
23. A nurse is caring for an adolescent who is newly diagnosed with asthma. What should the nurse include in the discharge plan of care? A. Encourage the child to avoid triggers B. Encourage the child to use a peak expiratory flow meter C. Encourage the child to rinse their mouth after use of a metered-dose inhaler D. Both A, B, and C Correct Answer: D. Both A, B, and C Verified Explanation: Comprehensive asthma management includes education on avoidance of known triggers, regular monitoring of lung function using a peak expiratory flow meter, and proper inhaler technique including rinsing the mouth after corticosteroid use to prevent oral thrush. These measures collectively improve disease control and reduce acute exacerbations (p. 1155).
24. The nurse is educating a student nurse on Tetralogy of Fallot. Which response by the student nurse indicates understanding of education? The structural defects include: A. Pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy B. Mitral valve prolapse, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, left ventricular hypertrophy C. Coarctation of the aorta, ventricular septal defect, tricuspid atresia, right atrial hypertrophy D. Atrial septal defect, pulmonary valve stenosis, left ventricular hypertrophy, patent ductus arteriosus
Correct Answer: A. Pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy Verified Explanation: Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect that comprises four key anatomical abnormalities: pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, an overriding aorta positioned over the ventricular septal defect, and secondary right ventricular hypertrophy due to increased workload. Understanding these components is crucial for appropriate patient care and management (p. 1234).
25. The nurse is caring for a child in the pediatric unit. The nurse has an LPN and an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) as part of the care team. Which assignment is appropriate to delegate to a member of the care team? A. UAP to remove an indwelling catheter B. LPN to administer IV push medications C. LPN to perform initial assessment of a newly admitted pediatric client D. UAP to develop the nursing care plan Correct Answer: A. UAP to remove an indwelling catheter Verified Explanation: Removing an indwelling catheter is within the scope of practice for a trained UAP under supervision. Administering IV push medications and performing initial assessments require licensed nursing judgment and are appropriate for an RN or LPN depending on state regulations. Developing a care plan is the responsibility of the registered nurse
Verified Explanation: Intussusception occurs when one segment of the intestine telescopes into another, often resulting in a palpable, sausage- shaped abdominal mass, intermittent abdominal pain, and "currant jelly" stools. Other options do not align with typical clinical manifestations (p. 1215).
28. The nurse is caring for a child with probable intussusception. Which is the most appropriate nursing action when the child has a normal brown stool? A. Notify the primary healthcare provider B. Increase oral fluid intake immediately C. Prepare the child for surgical intervention D. Administer prescribed antibiotics Correct Answer: A. Notify the primary healthcare provider Verified Explanation: The passage of normal brown stool may indicate spontaneous resolution of intussusception, but it requires prompt notification of the healthcare provider for ongoing assessment and monitoring due to the risk of recurrence or complications (p. 1216).
29. After cleft lip repair, which statement by the parents indicates the need for further teaching? A. "Petroleum jelly can be applied to the incision." B. "We will avoid placing the infant in prone position." C. "We will monitor for signs of infection at the surgical site." D. "Feeding will be done with a special nipple to avoid stress on the repair."
Correct Answer: A. "Petroleum jelly can be applied to the incision." Verified Explanation: Applying petroleum jelly to the surgical site after cleft lip repair can increase the risk of infection and delayed healing; therefore, it is generally contraindicated. Parents should be instructed to follow specific wound care recommendations provided by the surgical team (p. 1210).
30. The nurse is assessing a child who is suspected of having celiac disease. Which finding should the nurse expect the parents to report? A. Weight loss B. Constipation C. Jaundice D. Easy bruising Correct Answer: A. Weight loss Verified Explanation: Celiac disease causes malabsorption due to damage of the small intestinal mucosa, leading to symptoms such as weight loss, muscle wasting, and diarrhea. Constipation and jaundice are not typical presenting signs. Easy bruising may occur in advanced malnutrition but is not a primary symptom (p. 1218).
31. The nurse is caring for a 12-year-old female child who has been diagnosed with an E. coli positive UTI. The nurse is teaching the
critical. The other statements are inaccurate and reflect misunderstanding of the disease process and treatment
33. The nurse is assessing a child who is suspected of having acute glomerulonephritis. Which is an expected finding? A. Periorbital edema B. Hyperactivity C. Elevated blood glucose D. Polyuria Correct Answer: A. Periorbital edema Verified Explanation: Acute glomerulonephritis is often characterized by periorbital edema, hematuria (dark colored urine), hypertension, and oliguria. The other options are inconsistent with this diagnosis (p. 1345).
34. The nurse is caring for a child who was admitted to the pediatric unit with nephrotic syndrome. Which lab result should the nurse expect to see? A. Low serum albumin B. Elevated serum calcium C. High hemoglobin levels D. Decreased cholesterol Correct Answer: A. Low serum albumin
Verified Explanation: Nephrotic syndrome is typified by massive proteinuria, leading to hypoalbuminemia. This reduction in serum albumin contributes to edema formation. Elevated cholesterol is also seen, making hypoalbuminemia a key laboratory indicator (p. 1342).
35. The nurse is caring for a 3-year-old child admitted with acute diarrhea and dehydration. The child is alert and awake. Which intervention should the nurse implement for this client? A. Oral rehydration solution (ORS) B. Intravenous fluids immediately C. Withhold fluids until diarrhea resolves D. Administer antidiarrheal medications Correct Answer: A. Oral rehydration solution (ORS) Verified Explanation: For mild to moderate dehydration with an alert child, ORS is effective and preferred for rehydration. Intravenous fluids are reserved for severe dehydration or inability to tolerate oral intake. Antidiarrheal medications are generally contraindicated in children (p. 1174).
36. The nurse is discussing Erikson's stages of development with parents of a 14-year-old child. Which stage of Erikson does the nurse recognize the child is attempting to master? A. Identity versus role confusion B. Initiative versus guilt C. Industry versus inferiority D. Trust versus mistrust
