Download NUR 257 EXAM 4 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2026 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NUR 257 EXAM 4 WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
Which is NOT a cause of Acute Kidney Failure? A. Hypervolemia B. Hypotension C. Obstruction of the kidney or lower urinary tract D.Reduced cardiac output and heart failure ( correct answers ) Hypervolemia. Major causes include: Severe blood loss Sepsis or major infection Severe dehydration Certain medications (e.g., NSAIDs in high doses) Major surgery complications Blockage in the urinary tract (kidney stones) Low blood pressure due to heart failure The most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in an acutely ill patient is _____ which must be assessed daily. A. Ankle edema B. Intake C. Output D.Weight ( correct answers ) Weight The most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in an acutely ill patient is weight, as accurate intake and output and assessment of insensible losses may be difficult. Urine output, caloric intake, and body temperature would not be the most reliable indicator of fluid loss or gain.
The ______ division of the autonomic system causes contraction of the urinary bladder muscles and inhibition in heart rate. A. Sympathetic B. Spinal C. Occulomotor D.Parasympathetic ( correct answers ) Parasympathetic The basic functional unit of the brain is called a _________. A. Nephron B. Cell C. The brain D.Neuron ( correct answers ) Neuron The smallest functional unit of the nervous system is known as a neuron. A neuron is a specialized cell which transmits impulses. Its main function is to process and transmit information in the form of chemical or electrical signals. Neurons are the basic cells that make up the entire nervous system. ________ is an abnormal episode of motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic activity resulting from a sudden, abnormal, uncontrolled electrical discharge from cerebral neurons. A. Spasm B. Fugue C. Body cramp D.Seizure ( correct answers ) Seizure A seizure is essentially a disruption in normal brain function caused by a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain's neurons, which can manifest in various symptoms depending on the affected area and severity of the discharge. Multiple sclerosis is characterized as (a) ________. (select 3) A. Immune-mediated B. Affecting the central nervous system C. Affecting the peripheral nervous system D.Progressive demyelinating disease
B. Current medication use C. Typical diet D.Allergy status ( correct answers ) Current medication use. Certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), certain antibiotics, and others, can contribute to acute kidney injury, even in the absence of obvious risk factors. It's important to assess any medications that the client is currently taking to determine if they could be contributing to the condition. A patient with chronic kidney disease is experiencing manifestations of anemia. Based on this data, which treatment does the nurse anticipate for this patient? (select one) A. Begin fluid restriction B. Epoetin injections C. Begin a low-sodium diet D.Administer IV glucose and insulin ( correct answers ) Epoein injections. When kidneys are damaged, they produce less erythropoietin, a hormone crucial for red blood cell production, leading to anemia in CKD patients A 42-year old woman comes to the clinic complaining of occasional urinary incontinence when she sneezes. The clinic nurse should recognize what type of incontinence? A. Stress incontinence B. Overflow incontinence C. Functional incontinence D.Reflex incontinence ( correct answers ) Stress incontinence. Stress incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine through an intact urethra as a result of sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure. Reflex incontinence is loss of urine due to hyperreflexia or involuntary urethral relaxation in the absence of normal sensations usually associated with voiding. Overflow incontinence
is an involuntary urine loss associated with overdistension of the bladder. Functional incontinence refers to those instances in which the function of the lower urinary tract is intact, but other factors (outside the urinary system) make it difficult or impossible for the patient to reach the toilet in time for voiding A nurse is caring for a patient who is scheduled for a dose of cefazolin and vitamins at this time. Hemodialysis for this patient is also scheduled in 60 minutes. Which action by the nurse is best? A. Administer cefazolin since the level of the antibiotics must be maintained. B. Hold all medications since both cefazolin and vitamins are dialyzable. C. Hold cefazolin but administer vitamins. D.Hold vitamins but administer cefazolin. ( correct answers ) Hold all medications since both cefazolin and vitamins are dialyzable. Both the cefazolin and the vitamins should be held until after the hemodialysis is completed because they would otherwise be removed by the dialysis process. A hospital client has experienced a seizure. In the immediate recovery period, what action best protects the client's safety? (select one) A. Reassure the client and family members B. Place the client in a side-lying position C. Pad the client's bed rails D.Administer antianxiety medications as prescribed ( correct answers ) Place the client in a side-lying position. The neurologic ICU nurse is admitting a client with increased intracranial pressure. How should the nurse best position the patient? A) Position the patient supine. B) Maintain head of bed (HOB) elevated at 30 to 45 degrees. C) Position patient in prone position.
Ketone bodies are by-products of incomplete metabolism of fatty acids. Normally no ketones are present in urine. Ketone bodies are produced when fat sources are used instead of glucose to provide cellular energy. A pH between 4.6 and 8, specific gravity between 1.005 and 1.030, and clear yellow urine are normal findings for a clients urinalysis. Which statement is true regarding Huntington's Disease? A. Low back pain is significant B. A chronic, progressive, hereditary disease C. The most common cause of dementia D.Also known as "Lou Gehrig Disease" ( correct answers ) A chronic, progressive, hereditary disease. Postoperative interventions for a patient with kidney transplant include all EXCEPT? A. Monitor urinary output B. Palliative care options C. Pain relief measures D.Monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding ( correct answers ) Palliative care options. Which medication is a pharmacologic treatment for Parkinson's disease? A. Levodopa B. Serotonin C. Ritalin D.Dopamine ( correct answers ) Levodopa Levodopa is the most effective Parkinson's disease medicine. It is a natural chemical that passes into the brain and becomes dopamine. Levodopa is combined with carbidopa to help levodopa reach the brain and to prevent or lessens side effects such as nausea. Cranial Nerve: Facial ( correct answers ) (VII) Motor: Muscles of the face.
Ask the patient to raise eyebrows, smile, show teeth, and puff out cheeks. Cranial Nerve: Hypoglossal ( correct answers ) (XII) Motor: Movement of the tongue; strength of the tongue. Ask the patient to protrude tongue; ask patient to push tongue against cheek. Cranial Nerve: Accessory ( correct answers ) (XI) Motor: Movement of shoulder muscles. (sternocleidomastoid and trapezius) Ask the patient to shrug shoulders against your resistance. Cranial Nerve: Abducent ( correct answers ) (VI) Motor: Lateral movement of the eyes. (lateral rectus muscle) Test ocular movement in all directions. Cranial Nerve: Olfactory ( correct answers ) (I) Sensory: Sense of smell. Test each nostril for smell reception with various agents and interpretation. Cranial Nerve: Glossopharyngeal ( correct answers ) (IX) Pharyngeal Musculature. Sensory: Posterior Tongue, Tonsils, Pharynx. Cranial Nerve: Trigeminal ( correct answers ) (V) Sensory: Face, Teeth, Sinuses, etc. Motor: Muscles of mastication. Cranial Nerve: Optic ( correct answers ) (II) Sensory: Sense of vision. Test vision for acuity and visual fields
