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◍ 4 months. Answer: Diphtheria Tetanus and Pertussis dose 2 Haemophilus influenzae type b dose 2 Inactivated polio virus dose 2 Pneumococcal conjugate dose 2
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◍ Vaccine @ 6- 59 months. Answer: Influenza annual dose ◍ 12 - 15 months. Answer: Haemophilus influenza type B dose 4 Pneumococcal conjugate dose 4 MMR - Measles mumps and rubella dose 1 Varicella dose 1 ◍ 12 - 23 months. Answer: Hepatitis A, 2 doses that are 6 months apart ◍ 15 - 18 months. Answer: Diphtheria Tetanus and Pertussis dose 4 ◍ 4 - 6 years. Answer: Diphtheria Tetanus and Pertussis dose 5 Inactivated polio virus dose 4 MMR - Measles mumps rubella dose 2 ◍ 11 - 12 years. Answer: Diphtheria Tetanus and Pertussis booster Meningococcal conjugate vaccine dose 1
◍ Spironolactone. Answer: K sparing diuretic- interrupts aldosterone, reduce preload ◍ Propranolol. Answer: Beta blocker, - chronotrope, - inotrope, afterload reducer ◍ Captopril. Answer: ACE Inhibitor, after load reducer ◍ Prostaglandin E. Answer: IV medication to keep PDA open Side effects: apnea & bradycardia ◍ Indomethacin. Answer: IV medication to close PDA ◍ Albuterol. Answer: SABA - Selective Alpha Beta Adrenergic bronchodilator ◍ Magnesium Sulfate. Answer: smooth muscle relaxer- asthma treatment ◍ Prednisone/ Prednisolone. Answer: Corticosteroid, anti inflammatory ◍ Dexamethasone. Answer: Corticosteroid, anti inflammatory ◍ Lorazepam. Answer: Benzodiazepine- stop seizure
◍ Intranasal Midazolam. Answer: Benzodiazepine- stop seizure ◍ Morphine. Answer: Narcotic pain medication- usually IV ◍ Hydrocodone. Answer: Narcotic pain medication- po ◍ 0.9% Normal Saline. Answer: Isotonic crystalloid, 20 ml/kg bolus for dehydration ◍ Mannitol. Answer: Cerebral osmotic diuretic for Increased ICP ◍ Phenobarbital. Answer: Antiepileptic Drug ◍ Baclofen. Answer: Muscle relaxant used in cerebral palsy ◍ Metformin. Answer: Oral antidiabetic, first line in adolescents with Type 2 diabetes ◍ Levothyroxine. Answer: Synthetic thyroid hormone replacement ◍ Factor VIII/ Factor X. Answer: Synthetic coagulation factor to prevent bleeding/ promote clotting in Hemophilia
◍ Ranitidine. Answer: H2 Receptor Blocker, inhibits gastric acid secretions ◍ Lansoprazole. Answer: Proton Pump Inhibitor, inhibits gastric acid secretions ◍ Flovent (fluticasone). Answer: Inhaled Corticosteroid ◍ Ketorolac. Answer: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug- IV, IM or PO ◍ 1 - 3 Years is defined as?. Answer: Age Classification - Todler ◍ 0 - 1 Year is defined as?. Answer: Age Classification - Infant ◍ 3 - 6 Years is defined as?. Answer: Age Classification - Preschool ◍ 6 - 12 Years is defined as?. Answer: Age Classification - School age ◍ 12 - 18 Years is defined as?. Answer: Age Classification - Adolescent
◍ Theory - Psychosocial development describing the human life cycle as a series of eight ego developmental stages from birth to death.. Answer: Erick Erickson ◍ Theory - Cognitive development defines cognitive acts as ways in which the mind organizes and adapts to its environment (i.e., "mental mapping").. Answer: Jean Piaget ◍ Sensorimotor stage (Birth - 18 month) Piaget. Answer: From Birth
Startle reflex cooing Social smile @ 2 months ◍ Age 2 - 4 month Motor Development. Answer: Roll from stomach and push chest up with arms. Sphinx Hold rattle Hands to middle ◍ Age 4 - 6 month Motor Development. Answer: Pull up with assistance - remain sitting without assistance once up Manipulates objects 1 syllable word ◍ Age 6 - 8 month Motor Development. Answer: Sit up without assistance - pull self up to stand Most Newborn reflexes gone Except Babinski Crawling ◍ Age 8 - 10 month Motor Development. Answer: Stand holding on to furniture - Walk holding on furniture
Pincer grasp Creep crawl Mom - Dad - NO ◍ Age 10 - 12 month Motor Development. Answer: Stand alone well
◍ Normal HR & Respiratory 10 years. Answer: Resp 16- 20 HR 70 - 110 ◍ Normal HR & Respiratory 17 years - adult. Answer: Resp 12- 20 HR 60- 100 ◍ Occipital Frontal Circumference (OFC). Answer: This procedure is Recommended at Birth to 3 years - Measure of brain development, Neurological abnormalities and malnutrition Circumference should correlate with child's length Looking for trends in percentile. The child head and body should follow the chart. ◍ Primitive reflexes that all should disappear after 6 months.. Answer: Stepping Tonic-Neck Moro/Startle Sucking
◍ Sucking Reflex. Answer: Infant begins strong sucking movements of circumoral area in response to stimulation; persists throughout infancy even without stimulation, such as during sleep. ◍ Moro. Answer: Sudden jarring or change in equilibrium causes sudden extension and abduction of extremities and fanning of fingers, with index finger and thumb forming a C shape followed by flexion and adduction of extremities; legs may weakly flex; infant may cry (Fig. 7-9, A); disappears after 3 to 4 months old, usually strongest during first 2 months. ◍ Tonic Neck. Answer: When infant's head is turned to one side, arm and leg extend on that side, and opposite arm and leg flex (see Fig. 7- 9, B); disappears by 3 to 4 months old to be replaced by symmetric positioning of both sides of body. ◍ Step. Answer: If infant is held so that sole of foot touches a hard surface, there is a reciprocal flexion and extension of the leg, simulating walking (see Fig. 7-9, C); disappears after 3 to 4 weeks old to be replaced by deliberate movement. ◍ Tonic Neck - Disappears at ?. Answer: 3 Months - this infant reflex disappear ◍ Moro - Disappears at ?. Answer: 6 Months - this infant reflex disappear
Facial Expression Sleep ◍ FLACC Represents what?. Answer: Infant pain scale tool Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability ◍ Faces is used in which age group. Answer: Pain scale used in ages 3 - 10. ◍ Fontanel Closure - Anterior. Answer: @ 12 - 18 Month - Closes ◍ Fontanel Closure - Posterior. Answer: @ 2 - 3 Month - Closes ◍ Normal Blood Glucose. Answer: 70 - 120mg/dl is normal ◍ 4 classifications of congenital heart disease. Answer: Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow - Atrial Spetal Defect, open PDA, Obstructive Systemic Blood Flow - Coarctation of the aorta, Aortic Stenosis, Pulmonic stenosis
Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow - Tetrology of Fallot, Tricuspid atresia Mixed Defects - Transposition of the great vessels, hypoplastic left heart ◍ State the most common pediatric cardiac dysrhythmia. Answer: Supraventricular Tachycardia ◍ Differentiate between congenital and acquired heart disease. Answer: Acquired is at birth ex. As a result of a disease process ex. ◍ Define PFO. Answer: PFO - The hole between the Atria chambers (right and left atrium) is called a patent foramen ovale (PFO). This hole allows the reddest blood to go from the right atrium to left atrium and then to the left ventricle and out the aorta. As a result the blood with the most oxygen gets to the brain. First 72hrs. Of life this will close. During the this time a murmur will be hears along with wet lung sounds. ◍ Define PDA. Answer: PDA - Patent Ductus Arteriosus - The PDA allows most of the blood to shunt most of the blood from the lungs
Patient has Difficulty breathing, SOB, wet lungs, may be pink, as it has mixed oxygenated blood. ◍ Tetralogy of Fallot. Answer: Must have all 4 defects VSD Pulmonary stenosis Overriding Aorta Right Ventricular Hypertrophy ◍ Murmurs. Answer: 1st 72-hours murmurs are normal. AFTER = potential issue. Never considered normal after 72-hrs ◍ Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow - Issue?. Answer: PDA open Issues or VSD. (VSD is the most common) Pressures on L side of heart greater than R side Left (higher pressure) blood is going right side (Low pressure) of heart and back to lungs.
This causes CHF & Pulmonary edema Difficulty breathing, SOB, wet lungs, may be pink, as it has mixed oxygenated blood. Prostaglandin E (Keeps PDA OPEN) Indomethacin (Closes the PDA) ◍ Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow - Issue?. Answer: Tetralogy - Must have 4 defects Pulmonary Stenosis VSD Overriding Aorta R Ventricular Hypertrophy Cyanosis or hypoxia that does NOT respond as expected to oxygen Usually results in hypoxemia and cyanosis Clinical Manifestations - Overall cyanotic...Hypoxia after PDA closure Polycythemia - More RBC
