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NUR2356 MODULE 04 2026 PRACTICE TEST
SOLVED RESPONSES
◉ Implicit bias implies that social behavior is largely influenced by unconscious associations and judgments. These biases can be favorable or unfavorable Some examples of implicit bias are. Answer: favouring or being more receptive to familiar-sounding names than those from other cultural groups. Implicit bias doesn't mean that inclusivity is not one of our values. It means that we are not aware of how our own implicit bias can impact our actions and decisions.
- discriminate by race,ethnicity, ◉ Race. Answer: the term ethnicity is often used interchangeably with race, these terms are not the same.
Racial categories are typically based on specific physical characteristics such as skin pigmentation, body stature, facial features, and hair texture. ◉ cultural competence. Answer: care delivered with an awareness of the aspects of the patient's culture —recognizing what we don't yet know about those entrusted to our care and being willing to learn what we need to know ◉ When providing culturally competent care to clients, a nurse understands that cultural competence involves which characteristics? Select all that apply. A process that requires life-long learning Awareness of one's own influences on responses Guidance by the principles of fidelity A commitment to promoting health equity Knowledge of influences on the clients' beliefs. Answer: ◉ Which scenarios are examples of cultural competence? Select all that apply. Performing a self-assessment of one's own personal biases
◉ When nurses practice with cultural humility, that means. Answer: learn about the cultures you will be dealing with but it does not end there
- think about bias you bring to interactions
- how does this affect nursing care ◉ Health Disparities. Answer: health differences between groups of people; they can affect how frequently a disease affects a group, how many people get sick, or how often the disease causes death ◉ Identity refers to personal characteristics. Answer: These markers may be self-assigned or assigned by subcultures or the larger culture. ◉ Identity. Answer: •Markers or labels for personal characteristics
- some are self assighned
- some assighned by subculures and larger culture •Some identities exist from birth —male, female, skin color, etc. •Others appear over time —gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, politics, education, etc.
•Some identities are viewed as positive and others as negative
- by members of dominant culture ◉ Subculture. Answer: large group of people who are members of the larger cultural group but who have certain ethnic, occupational, or physical characteristics that are not common to the larger culture. For example, nursing is a subculture of the larger health care system culture, and -- teenagers and older adults are often regarded as subcultures of the general population in the United States.
- some viewed positive/negative bc of sterotypes/ethnocentrism
- muslims are a subculture within america ◉ Intersectionality. Answer: •A framework for understanding how identities and cultural/ethnic membership(s) combine to create different types of privilege and discrimination (Crenshaw, 2017). •Using intersectionality helps us identify how discrimination affects the health of patients, families, and communities
•First step is identifying one's own implicit biases •Cultural humility is a way to address intersectionality ◉ An effective way to identify specific factors that influence a patient's behavior is to perform a cultural assessment When caring for patients from a different culture, it is important to first ask how they want to be treated based on their values and beliefs. The primary informant should be the patient, if possible. If the patient is not able to respond to the questions, a family member or a friend can be consulted.. Answer: The Giger and Davidhizar model takes into account six cultural phenomena: communication, space, social orientation, time, environmental control, and biologic variations. The Campinha-Bacote Model of Cultural Competence (2011) emphasizes becoming culturally competent and integrating cultural
awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, cultural encounters, and cultural desire. ◉ Accommodate Cultural Practices in Health Care. Answer: Incorporate factors from the patient's cultural background into health care whenever possible if the practices would not be harmful to the patient's health. To ignore or contradict the patient's background may result in the patient refusing care or failing to follow prescribed therapy. Modify care to include traditional practices and practitioners as much as possible, and be an advocate for patients from diverse cultural groups. ◉ Cultural Influences on Health Care •Physiologic variations
- certain racial and ethnic groups are more prone to certain diseases and conditions. For example, a hereditary disorder, Tay-Sachs' disease, is associated with people of Eastern European Jewish descent •Reactions to pain
culture and remain so even when members of that culture are living in a different country. •Family support In many cultural and ethnic groups, people have large, extended families and consider the needs of any family member to be equal to or greater than their own •Socioeconomic factors Access to financial resources affects how individuals and families meet their basic needs and maintain their health. Poverty often leads to problems such as lack of health insurance, inadequate care of infants and children, lack of access to basic health care services, and homelessness. ◉ common health problems in specific populations Native Americans and Alaska Natives Heart disease Cirrhosis of the liver Diabetes mellitus Fetal alcohol syndrome
African Americans Hypertension Stroke Sickle cell anemia Lactose intolerance Keloids Asians Hypertension Cancer of the liver Lactose intolerance Thalassemia. Answer: Hispanics Diabetes mellitus Lactose intolerance Whites Breast cancer Heart disease Hypertension Diabetes mellitus Obesity
3.Why do you think it started when it did? 4.What does your sickness do to you? How does it work?. Answer: 5.How severe is it? Will it have a long or short course? 6.What do you fear most about your disorder? 7.What are the chief problems that your sickness has caused for you? 8.What kind of treatment do you think you should receive? What are the most important results you hope to receive from treatment? ◉ Communication is Key!. Answer: •Start with relationship •Be aware of verbal, nonverbal, and written communication •Culture influences communication styles & interpretation of communication •Adapt your communication to each client •Use simple language—NO medical jargon! Be specific & use pictures ask client for comprehension-if they understood
◉ Transcultural Nursing. Answer: - both a specialty and a formal area of practice, Dr. Leininger-Theory of Cultural Care Diversity and Universality provides the foundation for providing culturally respectful care for patients of all ages, as well as families, groups, and communities. A nurse who is culturally respectful has the knowledge and skills to adapt nursing care to cultural similarities and differences. combines competence/humility ◉ Key Concepts Society in the United States is increasingly made up of people from many diverse backgrounds. Cultural diversity includes, but is not limited to, people of varying cultures, racial and ethnic origin, religion, language, physical size, biological sex, sexual orientation, age, disability, socioeconomic status, occupational status, and geographic location. The knowledge and skills for understanding cultural diversity and providing culturally respectful care have become essential components of nursing practice.
--Culturally based attitudes toward seeking help from health care providers Nursing care can become complicated when the patient and the nurse have distinctly different cultural norms. Cultural imposition in health care is the tendency for health personnel to impose their beliefs, practices, and values on people of other cultures. Closely related to cultural imposition is ethnocentrism, the belief that one's own culture's ideas, beliefs, and practices are the best, superior, or most preferred to those of another culture. Cultural competence takes time. It involves developing awareness, acquiring knowledge, and practicing skills. ◉ Chapter 28 - Complementary and Integrative Health. Answer: Chapter 28 - Complementary and Integrative Health ◉ integrative health. Answer: A person who uses integrative care uses some combination of allopathic medicine and CHA. There are several types of integrative care models used throughout the United States that can be housed in virtually all health care delivery structures.
Optimally, these models include sensitive and knowledgeable health care providers who work with patients to design a care plan that is responsive to the patient's preferences and combines the best of allopathic medicine and CHA while avoiding harmful interactions. ◉ Conventional Medicine and Complementary Health Approaches. Answer: Allopathic medicine (or conventional medicine) has been dominant for about 100 years in the United States and has spearheaded remarkable advances in biotechnology, surgical interventions, pharmaceutical approaches, and diagnostic tools. Allopathic medical care is particularly effective when aggressive treatment is needed in emergency or acute situations. ◉ nurses must be familiar with CHAs because Complementary Health Approaches and Nursing CHA consists of a large variety of therapies that are based on a set of beliefs different from those of allopathic medicine. .. Answer: Some of these modalities have developed fairly recently (e.g., guided imagery), while others have been used for thousands of years as components of ancient healing systems (e.g., Ayurveda or traditional Chinese medicine).
- do not have to be dying to receive care
- curative care. Answer: hospice care; taking care of the whole person—body, mind, spirit, heart and soul—with the goal of giving patients with life-threatening illnesses the best quality of life they can have through the aggressive management of symptoms Care designed not to treat an illness but to provide physical and emotional comfort to the patient and support and guidance to his or her family.
- symptom management
- maintain quality of life living with the conditions you have
- can be up to 10yrs
- chronic lung disease
- can get this before hospice ◉ love to ask questions like what is the nurses best response. Answer: usually answer is the definition from the book ◉ hospice care focuses on the needs of the dying,. Answer: treatment of the terminally ill in their own homes,
- or in special hospital units
- or other facilities, with the goal of helping them to die comfortably, without pain
- terminal diagnosis
- <6 months
- focus on good death
- no actual treatment
- comfortable/maintain dignity ◉ Indicators for hospice referral. Answer: Poor performance status Declining cognitive status Advanced age Poor nutritional intake Pressure injuries Comorbidities Previous hospital admissions for acute decompensation ◉ Complementary Health Approaches •CHA. Answer: refers to interventions that can be used with conventional medical interventions and thus complement them.
