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NUR363 SHERPATH REVIEW|
NURSING |MEDICINE
Which cancer treatment utilizes systemic agents to shrink a tumor prior to surgery? A. Immunotherapy B. Genomic profiling C. Adjuvant chemotherapy D. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy - ANSWER-D. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy Match each allergen with its path. Inhaled: A. Insect or other venom B. Food additives C. Fungal spores D. Environmental proteins - ANSWER-C. Fungal spores Match each allergen with its path. Injected: A. Insect or other venom B. Food additives C. Fungal spores D. Environmental proteins - ANSWER-A. Insect or other venom Match each allergen with its path. Ingested: A. Insect or other venom B. Food additives C. Fungal spores D. Environmental proteins - ANSWER-B. Food additives Match each allergen with its path. Contacted via skin or mucous membranes: A. Insect or other venom B. Food additives C. Fungal spores D. Environmental proteins - ANSWER-D. Environmental proteins
Which physiological reaction would cause warmth, swelling, and nasal mucus secretion during a type I anaphylactic reaction? A. Dilation of blood vessels B. Decreased cardiac output C. Release of cellular proteins D. Release of histamine into tissue fluids - ANSWER-D. Release of histamine into tissue fluids Which condition is classified as a type III reaction associated with immune complexes lodging in blood vessels? A. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) B. Hemolytic transfusion reaction C. Drug-induced hemolytic anemia D. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) - ANSWER-A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Angioedema portrays which characteristic? A. Type II hypersensitivity B. Superficial response C. Involves skin, but not blood vessels D. Can occur in any part of the body - ANSWER-D. Can occur in any part of the body Angioedema can occur in any part of the body. It is most often seen in the lips, face, tongue, larynx, and neck. It can also occur in the arms, hands, legs, feet, or genitals. Intestinal angioedema can also occur, characterized by severe abdominal pain, cramping, nausea, and vomiting. This can be difficult to differentiate from other acute abdominal problems. Which symptom, not requiring an immediate intervention, typically manifests with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)-induced angioedema? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Lip stiffness B. Distorted face C. Nasal swelling D. Lump in throat E. Stridor with edema F. Inability to swallow - ANSWER-A. Lip stiffness B. Distorted face C. Nasal swelling Which therapeutic intervention is indicated for an acute attack of hereditary angioedema (HAE)? A. C1 esterase inhibitor B. Mechanical ventilation
A. Respiratory failure B. Generalized itching C. Feeling of impending doom D. Hypotension E. Respiratory symptom F. Histamine and other mediators - ANSWER-D. Hypotension Which health care provider prescription would the nurse expect as a first intervention for acute management of a patient's anaphylactic reaction? A. "Administer antihistamines." B. "Notify the Rapid Response Team." C. "Prepare for an emergency tracheotomy." D. "Administer epinephrine intramuscularly (IM)." - ANSWER-D. "Administer epinephrine intramuscularly (IM)." Which condition develops with a type II cytotoxic-mediated response? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Serum sickness B. Allergic asthma C. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) D. Goodpasture syndrome E. Drug-induced hemolytic anemia F. Hemolytic transfusion reactions - ANSWER-D. Goodpasture syndrome E. Drug-induced hemolytic anemia F. Hemolytic transfusion reactions Match the type of hypersensitivity reaction to its description. Immunocomplex reaction: A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III D. Type IV - ANSWER-C. Type III Match the type of hypersensitivity reaction to its description. Anaphylactic response: A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III D. Type IV - ANSWER-A. Type I Match the type of hypersensitivity reaction to its description. Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction: A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III
D. Type IV - ANSWER-C. Type III Match the type of hypersensitivity reaction to its description. Cytotoxic-mediated Response: A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III D. Type IV - ANSWER-B. Type II Which mechanism applies to a type IV delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction? A. Histamine is released. B. Sensitized T lymphocytes (T cells) release lymphokines. C. Antigen is absorbed by host cell membrane. D. Immune complex of antigen and antibody form. - ANSWER-B. Sensitized T lymphocytes (T cells) release lymphokines. Which condition describes a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction involving the blood vessels, layers of skin, mucous membranes, and subcutaneous tissue in the affected area? A. Angioedema B. Contact dermatitis C. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) D. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura - ANSWER-A. Angioedema Which response would the nurse provide to a patient who asks when a lab test would be ordered to diagnose angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)-induced angioedema? A. "We usually diagnose angioedema based on signs and symptoms, not lab tests." B. "We order a lab test after observing you for difficulty speaking or swallowing." C. "We need to explore the potential causes of the angioedema before ordering a lab test." D. "We need to have all drugs listed that you have taken to help determine the appropriate lab test." - ANSWER-A. "We usually diagnose angioedema based on signs and symptoms, not lab tests." Care of the patient with a type I immediate hypersensitivity reaction is based on which patient goal? A. Verbalizes understanding of immune suppressive therapy and complications B. States the need to avoid exposure to known allergens when possible C. Reports previous transfusion reactions to health care professionals D. Describes symptoms of disease exacerbation to health care provider - ANSWER-B. States the need to avoid exposure to known allergens when possible Which reaction represents a life-threatening type I hypersensitivity? Anaphylaxis Rhinorrhea
A. Stop the antibiotic infusion. B. Elevate the patient's head. C. Change the IV tubing. D. Initiate oxygen per mask. - ANSWER-A. Stop the antibiotic infusion. Match stage in the HIV life cycle to its HIV action. HIV attaches itself to receptors on the CD4 cell surface:: A. Integration B. Budding C. Replication D. Binding - ANSWER-D. Binding Match stage in the HIV life cycle to its HIV action. HIV enzyme breaks up protein chains from immature virus A. Integration B. Budding C. Replication D. Binding - ANSWER-B. Budding Match stage in the HIV life cycle to its HIV action. HIV releases enzyme into CD4 cell nucleus A. Integration B. Budding C. Replication D. Binding - ANSWER-A. Integration Match stage in the HIV life cycle to its HIV action. HIV uses CD4 cell to create long chains of HIV proteins A. Integration B. Budding C. Replication D. Binding - ANSWER-C. Replication When a patient asks about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to determine their risk for contracting the disease, which question would the nurse ask the patient? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. "When was your last menstrual period?"
B. "Are you currently breastfeeding an infant?" C. "Have you ever had unprotected sexual contact?" D. "Do you use intravenous drugs and share needles?" E. "How many sexual partners do you currently have?" - ANSWER-C. "Have you ever had unprotected sexual contact?" D. "Do you use intravenous drugs and share needles?" E. "How many sexual partners do you currently have?" As the school nurse prepares to discuss HIV and AIDS with a group of teenagers, which aspect of disease prevention would be best suited for this age group? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Understanding modes of transmission B. Maintaining healthy nonsexual relationships C. Avoiding exposure to sexually transmitted diseases D. Removing all risk of transmission with safer sexual practices E. Addressing assumption that HIV affects only certain groups - ANSWER-A. Understanding modes of transmission C. Avoiding exposure to sexually transmitted diseases E. Addressing assumption that HIV affects only certain groups When a nurse teaches a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection about ways to decrease the risk of infecting other people, which patient's statement indicates effective teaching? A. "It is important that I stay away from crowds." B. "I should wash my hands frequently throughout the day." C. "I should refrain from sharing needles with anyone else." D. "I should not receive any vaccinations." - ANSWER-C. "I should refrain from sharing needles with anyone else." Which type of prophylactic treatment would an individual, who has an unanticipated potential exposure to HIV outside of work, take? A. Treatment as prevention (TasP) B. Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) C. PrEP D. nPEP - ANSWER-D. nPEP Which intervention effectively supports patients experiencing peripheral neuropathy due to chemotherapy treatment? A. Adequate hydration B. Assistance with ambulation C. Atropine administration D. Intravenous site monitoring - ANSWER-B. Assistance with ambulation
Which potential complication arises for patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)? A. HIV virus mutation within an affected patient's body B. HIV replication and production of new viral particles C. Development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) D. Passage of resistant virus to another person - ANSWER-C. Development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) Match each combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) with its drug action. Blocks CD4 receptors on cell's surface to prevent HIV. A. Enfuvirtide B. Ibalizumab-uiyk C. Abacavir D. Cobicistat - ANSWER-A. Enfuvirtide When admitting a patient, who is HIV positive, to the hospital for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, which action would the nurse take first to prevent complications related to the patient's HIV infection? A. Evaluating blood gas results B. Administering ordered prophylaxis medications immediately C. Assigning the patient to a private room D. Performing suctioning and pulmonary hygiene - ANSWER-B. Administering ordered prophylaxis medications immediately If a patient with a new diagnosis of a stage III human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection begins losing significant weight, which finding would identify the cause? A. Stomatitis B. Esophagitis C. Oral candidiasis D. Wasting syndrome - ANSWER-D. Wasting syndrome Which new finding may indicate a patient's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is no longer in the incubation stage and is progressing? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Rash B. Fever C. Muscle aches D. Night sweats E. Nausea and vomiting - ANSWER-A. Rash B. Fever C. Muscle aches
D. Night sweats Which preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is approved for sexually active men and transgender women? A. Cabotegravir B. Emtricitabine C. Raltegravir or dolutegravir D. Tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine - ANSWER-D. Tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine In an outpatient setting, which care would be provided for an adult in stage II HIV or stage III AIDS? A. Assessing for flulike symptoms B. Tracking medications with mobile applications C. Arranging meals with a registered dietician nutritionist (RDN) D. Monitoring every two to six months for changes in immunity - ANSWER-D. Monitoring every two to six months for changes in immunity During an assessment of a patient with stage III AIDS, which finding would indicate a comorbid cardiovascular condition? A. Elevated lipids B. Adrenal insufficiency C. Salmonella septicemia D. Toxoplasmosis encephalitis - ANSWER-A. Elevated lipids Patients with stage III AIDS who are assessed with findings of elevated lipids and fasting glucose may have metabolic abnormalities such as hyperlipidemia or hyperglycemia. These are cardiovascular conditions that require further monitoring with laboratory studies and reporting any cardiovascular changes to health care providers. For a patient with impaired tissue integrity due to Kaposi sarcoma (KS) of the skin, which recommendation would the nurse provide? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Obtain a chest x-ray. B. Test stool for occult blood. C. Keep weeping lesions clean. D. Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants. E. Follow a regimen of antiretroviral drug therapy. - ANSWER-C. Keep weeping lesions clean. D. Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants. E. Follow a regimen of antiretroviral drug therapy.
E. Multiple swollen and painful joints To determine the cause of an adrenal crisis for the patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which question would the nurse ask the patient? A. "Did you confirm you could use medical cannabis?" B. "Are you following a low-impact exercise schedule?" C. "Are you continuing to take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen?" D. "Did you follow the tapering schedule for corticosteroids?" - ANSWER-D. "Did you follow the tapering schedule for corticosteroids?" To prevent chronic fatigue among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which recommendation would the nurse provide? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Plan rest times. B. Participate in friend's activities. C. List chores and do them slowly. D. Maintain good sleeping patterns. E. Plan grocery shopping trips carefully. - ANSWER-A. Plan rest times. D. Maintain good sleeping patterns. Match each characteristic with its respective form of drug therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Corticosteroids: A. Decreased absorption of ultraviolet light B. Prevention of GI symptoms C. Higher risk of infection D. Fat redistribution E. Reduction of autoantibody levels - ANSWER-D. Fat redistribution Match each characteristic with its respective form of drug therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Antimalarial drugs: A. Decreased absorption of ultraviolet light B. Prevention of GI symptoms C. Higher risk of infection D. Fat redistribution E. Reduction of autoantibody levels - ANSWER-A. Decreased absorption of ultraviolet light
Match each characteristic with its respective form of drug therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Immunosuppressives: A. Decreased absorption of ultraviolet light B. Prevention of GI symptoms C. Higher risk of infection D. Fat redistribution E. Reduction of autoantibody levels - ANSWER-C. Higher risk of infection Match each characteristic with its respective form of drug therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Monoclonal Antibodies: A. Decreased absorption of ultraviolet light B. Prevention of GI symptoms C. Higher risk of infection D. Fat redistribution E. Reduction of autoantibody levels - ANSWER-E. Reduction of autoantibody levels When educating patients and their caregivers about systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which instruction would the nurse include in their teaching plan? A. "Continue to exercise moderately." B. "If you experience an exacerbation, stop taking your medication." C. "Use sunscreen that has a skin protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher." D. "You can use ultraviolet lighting instead of spending time outside in the sun." - ANSWER-C. "Use sunscreen that has a skin protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher." Which symptom would a patient develop during stage 3 of Lyme disease? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Cognitive deficits B. Erythema migrans C. Arthritis in the knee D. Palpitations E. Cardiac dysrhythmias - ANSWER-A. Cognitive deficits C. Arthritis in the knee E. Cardiac dysrhythmias If a patient who received a heart transplant reports gum discomfort, which medication would the nurse suspect is the cause of the patient's concern? A. Tacrolimus
F. Chronic Fatigue - ANSWER-C. Osteoporosis Match each key feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to its associated body system. Immune: A. Leukopenia B. Alopecia C. Osteoporosis D. Glomerulonephritis E. Peripheral neuropathies F. Chronic Fatigue - ANSWER-F. Chronic Fatigue Match each key feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to its associated body system. Renal: A. Leukopenia B. Alopecia C. Osteoporosis D. Glomerulonephritis E. Peripheral neuropathies F. Chronic Fatigue - ANSWER-D. Glomerulonephritis Match each key feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to its associated body system. Hematologic: A. Leukopenia B. Alopecia C. Osteoporosis D. Glomerulonephritis E. Peripheral neuropathies F. Chronic Fatigue - ANSWER-A. Leukopenia Which laboratory test would assist in assessing for kidney dysfunction for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)? A. Serum creatinine B. Red blood cell (RBC) count C. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) D. Complete blood count (CBC) with differential - ANSWER-A. Serum creatinine
Several common laboratory tests are performed to assess for SLE. Serum creatinine is a test that assesses for kidney dysfunction. Increased values (in the presence of SLE) can indicate renal damage or impaired renal function. To explain why Lyme disease is not a true autoimmune disorder, which information would the nurse provide a patient with a tick bite? A. Immunologic actions destroy non-self cells. B. Autoantibodies attack proteins of host cells. C. Natural killer (NK) cells lead to host rejection. D. Antibodies are directed against the organism. - ANSWER-D. Antibodies are directed against the organism. Lyme disease is not a true autoimmune disorder because the antibodies generated in response to the infection are directed against the organism, not to self tissues. However, the continuing attack on the organism causes chronic inflammation with release of cytokines that intensify tissue injury initiated by the spirochete. Instills drugs directly into the bladder A. Intravenous B. Intraarterial C. Intraperitoneal D. Topical E. Intrathecal F. intravesicular - ANSWER-F. intravesicular Which type of immunity is the nurse providing the patient when administering a tetanus booster after the patient experiences an injury? A. Natural active B. Artificial active C. Natural passive D. Artificial passive - ANSWER-B. Artificial active Which characteristic is associated with human leukocyte antigens (HLAs)? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Closely resemble toll receptors B. Determine tissue type of each person C. Located on surfaces of most body cells D. Serve as key for recognition and self-tolerance E. Interact with the surface of any invading organism - ANSWER-B. Determine tissue type of each person C. Located on surfaces of most body cells D. Serve as key for recognition and self-tolerance
C. "Our children have a 25% chance of inheriting the sickle cell disease." D. "Our children have a 50% chance of inheriting sickle cell disease." - ANSWER-A. "Our children have a 50% chance of inheriting the sickle cell trait." Which assessment finding is consistent with cardiovascular changes in the patient with sickle cell crisis? A. Jugular vein distension B. Bradycardia C. Bounding pulses D. Jaundice - ANSWER-A. Jugular vein distension Which laboratory value indicates destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) in a patient with sickle cell disease? A. Hematocrit of 22% B. Hemoglobin of 15.1 g/dL C. White blood cell (WBC) count of 13,000/microliter D. Total bilirubin of 1.1 mg/dL - ANSWER-A. Hematocrit of 22% Which outcome shows that Hydroxyurea is effective in managing the patient with sickle cell disease who is admitted to the hospital with fever and extreme pain? A. The patient experiences a reduced number of sickle cell crises. B. The patient's temperature returns to normal. C. The patient's heart rate increases. D. The patient's oxygen level stays between 85% and 90%. - ANSWER-A. The patient experiences a reduced number of sickle cell crises. Which therapy for the treatment of sickle cell disease increases the risk of iron overload? A. Patient-controlled analgesia B. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation C. Red blood cell exchange D. Red blood cell transfusion - ANSWER-D. Red blood cell transfusion Which information would the nurse provide to the parent of a pediatric patient with sickle cell disease? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. "Make sure your child always wears a hat and coat on cold days." B. "Encourage your child to participate in sports to increase their lung capacity." C. "Ensure your child has a water bottle with them at all times." D. "Schedule well-child checks for vaccine administration annually." E. "Sun-bathing is a good alternative if your child gets too tired in the pool." - ANSWER- A. "Make sure your child always wears a hat and coat on cold days." C. "Ensure your child has a water bottle with them at all times." D. "Schedule well-child checks for vaccine administration annually."
Which assessment would the nurse perform to detect any further complications from a patient with B12 deficiency? A. Bowel sounds B. Pulse and blood pressure C. Color and amount of urine D. Pain and sensation of the extremities - ANSWER-D. Pain and sensation of the extremities Which type of anemia would the nurse discuss with a patient who has anemia because her red blood cells (RBCs) are being destroyed faster than they can be made? A. Thalassemia B. Acute anemia C. Hemolytic anemia D. B12 deficiency anemia - ANSWER-C. Hemolytic anemia Which statement made by a patient diagnosed with anemia related to an iron deficiency indicates that the appropriate nursing goals are being met? A. "I will need cobalamin shots for the rest of my life." B. "I will work hard to eat more foods like spinach and lentils." C. "My primary health care provider said my folic acid levels are perfect!" D. "I am able to rest quietly on the couch without experiencing fatigue or a racing heart."
- ANSWER-B. "I will work hard to eat more foods like spinach and lentils." Delivers chemotherapy directly into tumor blood vessels A. Intravenous B. Intraarterial C. Intraperitoneal D. Topical E. Intrathecal F. intravesicular - ANSWER-B. Intraarterial Under which topic within the "five Ps" of a comprehensive sexual history would the nurse ask if patients have ever been tested for a sexually transmitted infection (STI)? A. Partners B. Practices C. Past history of STIs D. Protection from STIs - ANSWER-C. Past history of STIs Delivers chemotherapy into cerebrospinal fluid A. Intravenous B. Intraarterial C. Intraperitoneal D. Topical E. Intrathecal F. intravesicular - ANSWER-E. Intrathecal
