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NURS 1140: PHARMACOLOGY: EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS, Exams of Pharmacology

Anoka-Ramsey Community CollegePharmacology

NURS 1140: PHARMACOLOGY: EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

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2025/2026

Available from 02/18/2026

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1) Pharmacology -- Answer ✔✔ the study of drugs and their actions on living
organisms
2) Therapies -- Answer ✔✔ Treatment of diseases that cause illness
3) Therapeutic methods -- Answer ✔✔ various approaches to therapy
4) Examples of therapeutic methods -- Answer ✔✔ drug therapy, diet therapy,
physiotherapy, psychological therapy
5) drug therapy -- Answer ✔✔ Treatment with drugs
6) Diet therapy -- Answer ✔✔ treatment with diet
7) Physiotherapy -- Answer ✔✔ Treatment with natural means (water, light, heat)
8) Psychological therapy -- Answer ✔✔ the identification of stressors and methods
that can be used to reduce or eliminate stress
NURS 1140: PHARMACOLOGY: EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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  1. Pharmacology -- Answer ✔✔ the study of drugs and their actions on living organisms
  2. Therapies -- Answer ✔✔ Treatment of diseases that cause illness
  3. Therapeutic methods -- Answer ✔✔ various approaches to therapy
  4. Examples of therapeutic methods -- Answer ✔✔ drug therapy, diet therapy, physiotherapy, psychological therapy
  5. drug therapy -- Answer ✔✔ Treatment with drugs
  6. Diet therapy -- Answer ✔✔ treatment with diet
  7. Physiotherapy -- Answer ✔✔ Treatment with natural means (water, light, heat)
  8. Psychological therapy -- Answer ✔✔ the identification of stressors and methods that can be used to reduce or eliminate stress

NURS 1140: PHARMACOLOGY: EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS

WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

  1. Drugs -- Answer ✔✔ Chemical substances that have an effect on living organisms
  2. Therapeutic drugs -- Answer ✔✔ Often called medicines, drugs that are used for the prevention or treatment of diseases
  3. Biological therapies -- Answer ✔✔ Drugs that are individual chemicals that cause a response in living tissues
  4. Biological agents -- Answer ✔✔ Large complex proteins manufactured in a living system such as microorganisms or within plant or animal cells
  5. Each drug has how many different names? -- Answer ✔✔ three
  6. What are the names of each drug? -- Answer ✔✔ Chemical, generic, brand
  7. Chemical name -- Answer ✔✔ The chemist understand the exact chemical constitution of the drug and the exact placement of its atoms or molecular groupings
  8. Generic name -- Answer ✔✔ A common name, maybe used in any country and by any manufacturer, the first letter is not capitalized
  9. brand name -- Answer ✔✔ Followed by a symbol, most drug companies place their products on the market under brand names, easier to pronounce spell and remember, is capitalized
  10. Drugs are classified by -- Answer ✔✔ Body system that they affect, therapeutic use/clinical indication, physiologic/chemical action
  1. How many classifications or schedules are in the controlled substances act? -- Answer ✔✔ Five
  2. Schedule I drugs -- Answer ✔✔ - High Potential for abuse
  • no potential medical use or treatment in US
  • lack of accepted safety for use of drug under medical supervision
  • No prescriptions may be written for drug
  • Crimes involving drugs can be quite serious
  1. Schedule II drugs -- Answer ✔✔ - Drugs have high potential for abuse
  • Available by prescription only, in limited quantity, 7-30 days supply
  • Prescription cannot be refilled must be rewritten
  1. Schedule III, IV, V -- Answer ✔✔ Lower potential for abuse and addiction, may be re-ordered by prescription with a maximum supply of 30 days, prescription may be refilled up to five times within six months, new prescription required after that, prescription must be rewritten after one year
  2. Black box warning -- Answer ✔✔ A notice that a drug may produce serious or even life-threatening effects in some people in addition to its beneficial effects, Issued by FDA
  3. Orphan drug -- Answer ✔✔ a medication approved by the FDA to treat rare diseases
  4. Controlled Drugs and Substances Act -- Answer ✔✔ establishes the requirements for the import, production, export, distribution, and possession of substances classified as narcotics and substances of abuse in Canada
  5. How many schedules are in the controlled drugs and substances act? -- Answer ✔✔
  1. Receptor -- Answer ✔✔ Where drugs form chemical bonds
  2. Pharmacodynamics -- Answer ✔✔ The study of what the drug does to the body
  3. Agonists -- Answer ✔✔ Drugs that interact with the receptor to stimulate a response
  4. Antagonists (drugs) -- Answer ✔✔ Attaches to a receptor but does not stimulate a response
  5. Partial agonists -- Answer ✔✔ Drugs that interact with the receptor to stimulator response but inhibit other responses
  6. What are the most common routes of drug administration? -- Answer ✔✔ enteral, parenteral, percutaneous
  7. enteral route -- Answer ✔✔ Drug is administered via Gastrointestinal tract by the oral rectal or nasogastric route
  8. parenteral route -- Answer ✔✔ Bypasses the GI tract with the use of subcutaneous (subcut.) intramuscular (IM), or intravenous (IV) injection.
  9. Percutaneous route -- Answer ✔✔ Administration of a drug through topical (skin), sublingual (under the tongue), buccal (against the cheek), or inhalation (breathing) methods. Through skin and mucous membranes
  10. The five stages after administration of a drug -- Answer ✔✔ (LADME) liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
  1. Metabolism -- Answer ✔✔ The process whereby the body in activates drugs
  2. Excretion -- Answer ✔✔ The elimination of drug medical lights and in some cases the active drug itself from the body
  3. The two primary routes of excretion -- Answer ✔✔ - through the GI tract into the feces
  • through the renal tubules into the urine
  1. half-life -- Answer ✔✔ The amount of time required for 50% of the drug to be eliminated from the body
  2. Onset of action -- Answer ✔✔ When the concentration of a drug at the side of action is sufficient to start a physiological response
  3. Peak action -- Answer ✔✔ The time at which the drug reaches the highest concentrations on the target receptor sites, inducing the maximal pharmacologic response for the dose given
  4. The duration of action -- Answer ✔✔ How long is the drug has a pharmacological effect
  5. Adverse drug reaction -- Answer ✔✔ any noxious, unintended, and undesired effect that occurs at normal drug doses
  6. Adverse drug events -- Answer ✔✔ An injury resulting from medical intervention related to a drug
  7. indiosyncratic reaction -- Answer ✔✔ Something unusual or abnormal happens when a drug is first administered
  1. Allergic reactions -- Answer ✔✔ Known as hypersensitivity reaction, occur among patients who have previously been exposed to a drug and who is immune systems have developed antibodies to the drug
  2. Drug interactions -- Answer ✔✔ When the action of one drug is altered or changed by the action of another drug
  3. medicines known to bind to enzymes and to slow the metabolism of other drugs include: -- Answer ✔✔ - verapamil
  • chloramphenicol
  • ketoconazole
  • amiodarone
  • cimetidine
  • erythromycin
  1. Common drugs that bind to enzymes and increase the metabolism of other drugs (enzyme inducers) -- Answer ✔✔ phenobarbital, carbamazepine, rifampin, and phenytoin
  2. Rapidly metabolized drugs -- Answer ✔✔ Doxycycline, warfarin, metronidazole, theophylline, snd verapamil
  3. Factors that affect drug therapy -- Answer ✔✔ age, body weight, gender, metabolic rate, illness, psychology, tolerance, dependence, cumulative effect
  4. gender-specific medicine -- Answer ✔✔ is a developing science that studies differences in the normal function of men and woman and addresses how people of each gender perceive and experience disease
  1. Factors that influence drug actions such as absorption, metabolism, excretion and distribution? -- Answer ✔✔ Age and gender
  2. What are the medication's that should never be crushed and why? -- Answer ✔✔ Time to release tablets, enteric coated tablets, and sublingual tablets. Because of the effect on the absorption rate and the potential for toxicity.
  3. Pharmacogenetics focus is? -- Answer ✔✔ Determining the appropriate drug to use based on the individuals genetic composition
  4. Passive diffusion -- Answer ✔✔ the movement of drugs from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration depending on the pH of the environment
  5. Intestinal transit -- Answer ✔✔ refers to the speed at which the intestine moves foods, secretions and other ingested matter along and this rate varies with age
  6. A medical diagnosis -- Answer ✔✔ statement of the patient's alterations in structure and function, and this results in the diagnosis of a disease or disorder that impairs normal physiologic function
  7. defining characteristics -- Answer ✔✔ The manifestations, or signs and symptoms, of a diagnosis.
  8. the wording of an actual nursing diagnosis: -- Answer ✔✔ 3 part statement that consists of (1) a Patient problems summarizing the issue (2) the contributing factors or cause, which may include the contributing factors or cause, which may include deficits in ADL's or the medical diagnosis, and (3) the defining characteristics (i.e....manifestations or signs and symptoms)
  1. The risk diagnosis statement -- Answer ✔✔ Consist of two parts; 1. The diagnostic label from the NANDA-I approved the list 2. The risk factors that make the individual more susceptible to the development of the problem
  2. focused assessment -- Answer ✔✔ the process of collecting additional data specific to a patient or family that validates a suggested problem or nursing diagnosis
  3. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs -- Answer ✔✔ physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization (bottom to top)
  4. The four phases of planning (The five step nursing process) -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Priority setting
  1. Development of measurable goals and outcomes statements
  2. The formulation of nursing interventions
  3. The formulation of anticipated therapeutic outcomes that can be used to evaluate the patient status
  1. Critical pathways -- Answer ✔✔ standardized, automated care plans that integrate standards, interventions, goals and outcomes into the patients electronic medical record (referred to as integrated care plans, care of maps or clinical maps)
  2. evidence-based practice -- Answer ✔✔ Application of data from scientific research to make clinical decisions about the care of individual patients.
  3. Core measures -- Answer ✔✔ Measures of care that are tracked to show how often hospitals and healthcare providers use the care recommendations identified by evidence-based practice standards for patients who are being treated for conditions such as heart attack, heart failure, and pneumonia or for patients who are undergoing surgery
  1. Two nursing diagnoses that apply to all types of medication is prescribed -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Insufficient knowledge; actual risk; related to the medication regimen; patient education
  1. Noncooperation; actual race; related to the patient's value system, cognitive ability, cultural factors, or economic resources
  1. Therapeutic intent -- Answer ✔✔ Determined by the drug was prescribed and what symptoms will be revealed
  2. The nurse collects assessment data by completing the? -- Answer ✔✔ Physical examination
  3. Ethnocentrism -- Answer ✔✔ Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.
  4. Cultural Assessment -- Answer ✔✔ detailed data-gathering about the client's cultural practices
  5. The three domains of learning -- Answer ✔✔ cognitive, affective, psychomotor
  6. The main principles of learning include -- Answer ✔✔ The patient's attitude towards learning, readiness to learn, and individual learning style
  7. Patient education in relation to medication includes -- Answer ✔✔ Understanding the benefits of the medication, the common adverse effects, and potential drug interactions
  1. Types of information discussed with the patient concerning Patient education -- Answer ✔✔ Medication and treatments to be continued after discharge and activities, special equipment, and follow up care
  2. Specific techniques to facilitate patient education include -- Answer ✔✔ Determining the patient's readiness to learn, repetition of information, motivating to patient, and understanding the patient's culture
  3. Assessment in pharmacology -- Answer ✔✔ Data collection; medication's, vitamins, herbs, supplements, drugs; compliance and adherence?
  4. Diagnoses in pharmacology -- Answer ✔✔ Noncompliance, Risk for injury, deficient knowledge
  5. Planning in pharmacology -- Answer ✔✔ Measurable patient centered goals, identify the therapeutic intent and common and serious adverse effects, confirm recommended dosage and route of meds, check that scheduling of administration of medicine is based on the providers orders
  6. Implementation in pharmacology -- Answer ✔✔ Patient education and making sure we administer medication safely
  7. Execution in pharmacology -- Answer ✔✔ Assessing the events after patient has been taking medication
  8. The respiratory system is -- Answer ✔✔ A series of airways that start with a nose and mouth and end at the alveolar sacs within the lungs
  9. The upper respiratory tract is composed of -- Answer ✔✔ The nose and its turbinates, the sinuses, the nasal pharynx, the pharynx , the tonsils, the eustachian tubes, and the lyrics
  1. allergic rhinitis -- Answer ✔✔ inflammation of the nasal mucosa as a result of an allergic reaction
  2. Histamine -- Answer ✔✔ a compound that is released by cells in response to allergic reactions and tissue damage caused by trauma or infection
  3. rhinorrhea -- Answer ✔✔ runny nose
  4. Conjunctivitis -- Answer ✔✔ Watery eyes
  5. Decongestants -- Answer ✔✔ Alpha-adrenergic stimulants that cause vasoconstriction of the nasal mucosa; eliminate or reduce swelling or congestion
  6. rhinitis medicamentosa -- Answer ✔✔ rebound nasal congestion associated with overuse of nasal decongestants
  7. Antihistamine -- Answer ✔✔ a drug that blocks the effects of histamine in the body; reduces the symptoms of nasal itching, sneezing, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, and conjunctival itching, they do not reduce nasal congestion
  8. Sympathomimetic nasal decongestant -- Answer ✔✔ Stimulates the alpha adrenergic receptors of the nasal mucosa membranes causing vasoconstriction which reduces the blood flow in the engorged nasal areas shrinking the turbinates and mucous membranes and promotes sinus drainage to improve the nasal air passage and relieve the feelings of stuffiness
  9. Decongestants -- Answer ✔✔ Alpha adrenergic stimulants that cause vasoconstriction of the nasal mucosa which significantly reduces nasal congestion. Administered in conjunction with anti-histamines to help reduce nasal congestion
  1. Common adverse effects of decongestants -- Answer ✔✔ Mild nasal irritation, Urinary retention, hypertension, hyperglycemia
  2. Common adverse effects of antihistamines -- Answer ✔✔ sedative effects, cognitive impairment, drying effects, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, dryness of mouth, throat and nose mucosa
  3. Intranasal corticosteroids -- Answer ✔✔ Use for patients with persistent or moderate to severe allergic reactions. Reduces inflammation by inhibiting histamine release, suppression of neutrophil chemotaxis, Mild vasoconstriction, reduction in Edema and inhibition of mast cell mediated late fees reactions
  4. Common adverse effects of intranasal corticosteroids -- Answer ✔✔ Nasal irritation
  5. pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) -- Answer ✔✔ masses of lymphatic tissue in posterior wall of pharynx; provides immunological defense
  6. Anti-inflammatory agents (UPPER respiratory) -- Answer ✔✔ Administered intranasally to treat nasal symptoms resulting from out to severe allergic reaction. These agents are not used to treat symptoms associated with the cold because the symptoms start to resolve before they can become effective