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NURS 209 Reproductive System Study
Guide
Sexuality: - ✔is how people experience and express themselves as sexual beings. Sexuality is unique to the individual, is core to who we are, and is dynamic throughout our lifetime What is the most important thing for women to do rather than a regular breast examination? - ✔Be familiar with their own breasts, regardless of risk factors. Know the whole area of their breast tissue well enough to notice changes (includes the entire breast area up to the collarbone and under the armpits, as well as the nipples) Breast cancer risk factors: - ✔·Aging ·Family history ·BRCA gene mutation ·Reproductive status (e.g. late menopause) ·Hormone exposures (e.g. estrogen) ·Alcohol intake ·Overweight or obesity (after menopause) •Physical inactivity How often are women in NS, aged 40-49 recommended to have annual screening mammography? - ✔once a year
How often are women in NS, aged 50-74, recommended to. have screening mammography?
- ✔every 2 years Women aged 50-74 can be recommended to return on a yearly basis if they... - ✔- have strong family history of breast cancer (parents, sibling, child)
- are currently on hormone replacement therapy
- the radiologist recommends they return sooner What is the probability of surviving breast cancer at least 5 years after diagnosis? - ✔88% What are present breast structures on a newborn? - ✔lactiferous ducts within the nipple, no alveoli What stimulates breast changes at puberty? - ✔estrogen, onset varies widely What changes in the breasts happen during pregnancy? What is the timing of the changes? - ✔Enlargement of breast and nipple. Venous pattern prominent. Changes start occurring during 2nd month. What happens to the breast in older age? - ✔With decrease of hormones, breast size and tissue elasticity also decrease. Factors that influence rates for getting breast cancer: - ✔- socioeconomic level
- ethnocultural background
- rural locations
•Size •Shape •Consistency •Mobility •Distinctness •Nipple retraction •Overlying skin •Tenderness •Lymphadenopathy Gynecomastia: - ✔Enlargement of breast tissue.
- normally occurs during puberty
- usually only in one breast
- temporary
- impact related to body image Reproduction: - ✔the total process by which organisms produce offspring. In humans, the concept is referred to as human reproduction. Female genitalia in infants: - ✔at birth, genitalia are swollen due to presence of maternal estrogen What happens to the genitalia in pregnant women? - ✔- cervix softens at 4-6 weeks due to increased vascularity
- as uterus enlarges it presses on bladder which leads to urinary frequency What happens to the female genitalia in older adults? -
✔with menopause (48-51), hormones decrease rapidly, signals ending of census, uterus shrinks, ovaries atrophy, vagina is less elastic, less vaginal secretions. What is period poverty? - ✔the inability to afford menstrual hygiene products resulting in missed school and work, stigma How to provide proper care for transgender individuals: - ✔genitalia examination should be relevant to the anatomy present and done with sensitivity. nurses must follow a gender affirming approach by using gender terminology for body arts, use preferred terms of the person. What is the main risk for developing cerivcal cancer? - ✔Human papilloma virus (HPV) that infects the cervix. What are other risk factors for developing cervical cancer? - ✔- becoming sexually active at a young age
- having many sexual partners
- having a sexual partner who has had many sexual partners
- smoking
- an immune system weakened from taking drugs following a transplant
- having a disease such as AIDS
- the use of birth control pills for a long period of time
- giving birth to many children
- perineum
- anus What to inspect for on the internal genitalia: - ✔Cervix and Os:
- colour
- position
- size
- surface
- presence of Nabothian cysts
- cervical secretions Subjective health history questions to ask males for genitalia: - ✔•Frequency, urgency, and nocturia •Dysuria •Hesitancy and straining •Urine color •Past genitourinary history •Penis: pain, lesion, discharge •Scrotum: self-care behaviors, lump •Sexual activity and contraceptive use •Sexually transmitted infection (STI) contact What to inspect and palate on the penis: - ✔•Skin •Glans •Urethral meatus •Pubic hair •Urethral discharge
•Shaft What to inspect and palpate on the scrotum: - ✔•Skin •Testis •Epididymis •Spermatic cord How to check for hernia: - ✔patient standing and straining down Signs of testicular cancer: - ✔lump in scrotum, pain, heaviness, or dull ache in lower abdomen and groin Risk factors for developing testicular cancer: - ✔- age 15-
- delayed descent of testicles
- family history
- abdominal development of testicle Acronym for giving yourself a testicular exam TSE: - ✔T - timing S - shower E - examination Risk factors for colorectal cancer: - ✔- aging
- physical inactivity
•Medications (laxatives, stool softeners, iron) •Rectal conditions (pruritus, hemorrhoids, fissure, fistula) •Family history •Self-care behaviors (diet of high-fiber foods, most recent examinations) Between what ribs are the breasts located? - ✔2nd and 6th ribs
