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NURS 4331 exam one with correct
answers
1 |OZ |- |answers30 |mL 1 |tbsp |- |answers15 |mL 1 |tsp |- |answers5 |mL 3 |tsp |- |answers1 |tbsp 1 |cup |- |answers240 |mL 1 |pint |- |answers480 |mL 1 |quart |- |answers960 |mL 1 |L |- |answers1000 |mL 1 |gram |- |answers1000 |mg 1 |mg |- |answers1000 |mcg 1 |kg |- |answers2.2 |lbs 1 |inch |- |answers2.54 |cm 1 |lb |- |answers16 |oz informed |consent |- |answersneeded |for |major |procedures |, |surgery, |pt |must |be |informed |of |risks |and | benefits |of |procedure decision |maker |- |answersmust |be |of |legal |age |per |state |AND |competent in |texas |18+ exceptions |to |informed |consent |(less |than | 18 |y/o) |- |answers-legally |emancipated |minor
- |under | 18 |and |married -serving |in |military |and |under | 18 -able |to |prove |financial |independence -mother |of |children |(marital |status |DOESN |NOT |matter) HIPAA |exceptions |- |answersviolence child |abuse reportable |STD
atraumatic |care |- |answerscare |that |minimizes |or |eliminates |psychological |and |physical |distress | experienced |by |children |and |families |in |the |health |care |system open-ended |questions |- |answersencourage |pts |to |communicate | "can |you |tell |me |more |about |that?" identifying |literacy/reading |problems |- |answersfrequently |missed |appts incomplete |registration non |complaint |with |meds unable |to |name |meds, |explain |purpose |or |dosing identify |pills |by |looking |at |them= |not |read |label ask |fewer |questions lack |of |follow |through |with |tests/referrals makes |excuses |out |of |fear |of |being |found |out pulse |is |taken |- |answersapically |up |to |TEN |years |old on |chest |with |stethoscope babies |are |born |with |- |answersunmyelinated |nerves myelinization |occurs |- |answersover |the |first | 2 |YEARS |of |life myelinization |leads |to |- |answersincreasing |coordination |from |head |to |toe |and |the |core |to |fingertips hearing |- |answersintact |at |birth primitive |reflexes |- |answersroot, |sucking, |grasp, |babinski, |fencing/asymmetric |tonic |neck, |moro |= | arms |form |C |when |startled root |reflex |- |answersThis |reflex |begins |when |the |corner |of |the |baby's |mouth |is |stroked |or |touched. | The |baby |will |turn |his |or |her |head |and |open |his |or |her |mouth |to |follow |and |------ |in |the |direction |of | the |stroking. |This |helps |the |baby |find |the |breast |or |bottle |to |begin |feeding. sucking |reflex |- |answersReflex |that |causes |a |newborn |to |make |------------ |motions |when |a |finger |or | nipple |if |placed |in |the |mouth grasp |reflex |- |answersan |infantile |reflex |in |which |an |infant |closes |her |hand |into |a |fist |when |her |palm | is |touched Babinski |reflex |- |answersReflex |in |which |a |newborn |fans |out |the |toes |when |the |sole |of |the |foot |is | touched
infant |begins |to |learn |delayed |gratification |- |failure |leads |to |mistrust |= |mistrust |develops |if |needs |are | inadequately |or |inconsistently |met |or |if |needs |are |continuously |met |before |being |vocalized |by |the | infant achieving |this |is |based |on |the |quality |of |the |caregiver/infant |relationship | trust |is |developed |by |meeting |comfort.feeding.stimulation |and |caring |needs crying |- |answersfirst |verbal |communication crying |decreases |- |answersby | 12 |weeks |of |age DTaP |- |answersDiphtheria, |tetanus, |and |pertussis given |at |2, |4, |and | 6 |months naturally |acquired |active |immunity |- |answersoccurs |when |the |person |is |exposed |to |a |live |pathogen, | develops |the |disease, |and |becomes |immune |as |a |result |of |the |primary |immune |response artificially |acquired |active |immunity |- |answerscan |be |induced |by |a |vaccine, |a |substance |that |contains | the |antigen passive |immunity |- |answersthe |short-term |immunity |which |results |from |the |introduction |of | antibodies |from |another |person(mother) |or |animal. Live |attenuated |vaccines |- |answersmeasles, |mumps, |rubella |(MMR) varicella |zoster rotavirus influenza |(intraNASAL) Protective/postural |reflexes |are |developed |- |answerslater |in |life nesting |toys |- |answerstoys |that |fit |together |... |make |sure |age |appropriate why |is |it |important |to |know |LIVE |vaccines |- |answersif |the |pt |or |family |member |is | immunocompromised |= |can |get |sick when |a |baby |is |born |it |makes |Hgb |F |- |answersand |is |gradually |replaced |with |Hgb |A at |4-6 |months |- |answersiron |runs |out= |irons |supplementation |is |necessary |to |prevent |anemia premature |babies |need |- |answersextra |iron |(did |not |get |iron |transferred |from |mom |- |which |is | normally |done |during |the |last |trimester)
health |promotion |ex |- |answersVACCINATIONS BACK |TO |SLEEP |PREVENTS |- |answersSIDS |- |SUDDEN |INFANT |DEATH |SYNDROME Babies |should |never |sleep |on |their |sides |or |face |down exposure |to |lead |paint |- |answersshould |be |avoided the |safest |are |for |infants |and |children |is |- |answersin |the |back |seat |of |the |car colic |- |answersexcessive |crying |in |an |infant causes |extreme |parent |frustration make |sure |infants |needs |are |met |-> |place |infant |in |crib |and |walk |away |-> |advise |parents |to |seek |help |as |needed babies |HR |and |RR |- |answersare |higher |than |adults.... |and |their |BP |is |lower preoperational |stage |piaget |- |answers19 |to | 24 |months concept |of |object |permanence |becomes |fully |developed domestic |mimicry |is |evident |(playing |house) DOES |NOT |ALLOW |toddlers |to |understand |other |viewpoint |BUT |it |does |allow |them |to |symbolize | objects |and |people |to |imitate |previously |seen |activities Autonomy |vs. |Shame |and |Doubt |(Erikson) |- |answersindependence |is |super |important |for |toddlers |- | they |attempt |to |do |everything |themselves use |negativism |= |negative |responses |= |as |they |begin |to |express |their |independence | ritualism= |maintaining |routines |and |reliability |provides |a |sense |of |comfort |for |toddlers 1 |year |olds |use |- |answersone |word |sentences Echolalia |- |answerstoddlers |will |repeat |words |they |hear |without |knowing |the |meaning
shift |from |parallel |play playing |ball, |puzzles, |dress-up |together 4-6 |years |old |- |answersDTaP night |terrors |- |answersthe |child |is |asleep |but |looks |awake |and |very |afraid what |to |do |night |terrors |- |answersdo |NOT |WAKE |UP |child comfort |them |and |try |to |get |them |to |settle |back |down preschooler |should |be |taught |- |answershow |to |SWIM Therapeutic |holding/hugging |- |answerstechniques |to |hold |child |during |a |procedure... |help |them |feel | safe |and |keep |still |and |calm school |age |children |- |answers6-12 |years |old rapid |growth |of |height |and |weight typically |when |prepubescence |occurs Piaget: |Concrete |Operational |- |answerstransition |from |perceptual |to |conceptual |(in |mind) |thinking masters |concept |of |conservation |= |amount |stays |the |same |even |if |the |container |changers learns |to |tell |time, |able |to |solve |problems, |see |perspective |of |others Erikson: |Industry |vs. |Inferiority |- |answersindustry |= |child |to |provide |meaningful |contributions |to | society sense |of |accomplishment |is |gained |through |the |ability |to |cooperate |and |compete |with |others not |everyone |will |master |every |skill Children |should |be |challenged |with |tasks |that |need |to |be |accomplished, |and |be |allowed |to |work | through |individual |differences |in |order |to |complete |the |tasks.
6-9 |years |old |- |answerscompetitive |and |cooperative |play board |and |number |games, |jump |rope, |ride |bikes, |organized |sports 9-12 |years |old |- |answersmake |crafts, |build |models, |card |games, |organized |competitive |sports 12 |year |old |- |answersTDAP |VACCINE= |required |to |go |to |school |(7th |grade) switches |from |Dtap |to |Tdap piaget |formal |operations |- |answersAdolescence: |able |to |think |through |more |than | 2 |categories |of |variables |concurrently ◦ |Capable |of |evaluating |the |quality |of |their |own |thinking ◦ |Able |to |maintain |attention |for |longer |periods |of |time ◦ |Highly |imaginative |and |idealistic ◦ |Increasingly |capable |of |using |formal |logic |to |make |decisions ◦ |Think |beyond |current |circumstances ◦ |Able |to |understand |how |the |actions |of |an |individual |influence |others identity |vs. |role |confusion | erikson |- |answersAdolescence: |try |to |figure |out |who |they |are/personal |identity | view |themselves |as |unique |individuals group |identity |- |answersadolescents |become |part |of |a |peer |group |that |greatly |influences |behavior unintentional |injuries |- |answersare |the |leading |cause |of |death |in |adolescents posterior |fontanel |closes |- |answers2-3 |months anterior |fontanel |closes |- |answers12-18 |months assessment |of |newborn/infant |- |answersAssess |infants |on |the |caregiver's |lap. Auscultate |first, |while |the |child |is |quiet |and/or |sleeping. | Apical |pulse |until | 10 |years. Perform |the |most |invasive |procedures |last. physical |variants |of |newborns/infants |- |answersDiaphragmatic |breathing.
assessment |of |school-age |children |- |answersDirect |questions |to |child |but |verify |answers |with | caregiver. Assess |development |through |questions |about |life. Make |child |sit |on |examination |table |during |assessment. Perform |examination |in |a |head-to-toe |manner. Assessment |of |adolescents |- |answersPrivacy |is |important!!!! Perform |health |history |and |assessment |without |caregiver |present. Allow |caregiver |opportunity |to |ask |questions. Sequential, |head-to-toe |manner Keep |body |covered |as |much |as |possible |during |examination= |PRIVACY Physical |Variants |in |Adolescents |- |answersWisdom |teeth |develop. Prefrontal |cortex |is |undeveloped |until |late |adolescence. Onset |of |puberty. Growth |plates |close |in |middle |to |late |adolescence. Muscle |development |is |greater |in |males. Active |sebaceous |glands |lead |to |acne. |:( Apocrine |sweat |glands |increase. |:( Skeletal |growth |occurs |before |muscle |growth. DO |NOT |JUDGE |- |answersothers |pain |based |on |YOUR |ideas |about |pain inadequate |pain |control |can |have |negative |- |answersLONG |TERM |CONSEQUENCES= |decreased | cooperation |while |working |with |children, |causes |fear |and |decreased |trust |of |nurses infants |pain |must |be |assessed |- |answersby |behavioral |and |physiological |indicators |(BIG |DIFFERENCE) pain |assessment |QUESTT |- |answersQ=uestion |the |child U=se |pain |rating |scale E=valuate |behavior |and |physiologic |changes S=ecure |parental |involvement T=ake |cause |of |pain |into |account T=ake |action physiologic |measures |of |pain |- |answersNUMBERS |= |
vital |signs |- |increased |-increased |BP |pulse |RR behavioral |pain |assessment |- |answersfacial |expression, |body |movements, |crying= grimace. |crying |uncontrollably, |flailing |of |arms/ |legs be |consistent |with |- |answersPAIN |SCALE use |the |same |scale |to |evaluate |pain |bcs |using |different |scales |can |change |pain |evaluation behavioral/observation |of |pain |- |answersFacial |Expressions• |Movement/Actions: |Pulling |ear, |clenching |teeth, |body |stiffening, |guarding
- |Positioning: |Abdominal |pain |- |lie |on |one |side |& |draw |knees |to |chest
- |Walking: |Limp |or |refuse |to |use |extremity |Irritability |& |restlessness
- |General |change |in |behavior |- |quiet |& |withdrawn, |sleep |to |make |pain |go |away FLACC |pain |tool |- |answersused |to |assess |newborns, |face, |legs, |activity, |cry, |consolability Nonpharmacologic |Pain |Management |- |answersrelaxation |= |music distraction |= |therapy |dogs sucking |sucrose=SWEETEASE |IN |A |PACIFIER Heat/cold pharmacologic |pain |interventions |- |answersopioids/non |opioids PCA local/topical |analgesia= |EMLA |CREAM |+ |TEGADERM epidural when |giving |meds |must |- |answersFOLLOW |UP |monitoring |and |assessment |= |check |the |effectiveness | of |intervention if |med |is |no |longer |effective |- |answersor |NOT |effective |-> |contact |the |HCP |for |a |different |med |or | stronger |dose= |if |safe |dose chronic |pain |can |cause |- |answerssignificant |emotional |and |social |consequence |due |to |pain |and | disability lidocaine/prilocaine |- |answersEmla |- |Dermatological |- |Topical |Local |Anesthetics |and |Combinations used |in |school |age |kids
why |is |it |important |to |know |IICP |- |answersrecognize |early |and |ACT |IMMEDIATELY | CAN |KILL |YOUR |PT |= |NEED |TO |ID |TO |PREVENT |LONG |TERM |DAMAGE |AND |DEATH early |signs |of |IICP |- |answersheadache projectile |vomiting blurred/ |double |vision dizziness decreased |HR&RR increased |BP unequal |pupils changes |in |LOC/irritable seizures late |signs |of |IICP |- |answerslowered |LOC, | decreased |motor |and |sensory |responses, | bradycardia, |irregular |respirations, |decerebrate |or |decorticate |posturing,=BAD | fixed |and |dilated |pupils= |VERY |BAD IICP |in |babies |- |answersbulging |fontanel wide |sutures |on |head large |head |circum HIGH |pitched |crying meningitis |- |answersinflammation |of |the |---- |brain |protecting |membranes fever, |headache, |stiff |neck, |photophobia, |sometimes |purple |rash nurses |role |in |pt |with |meningitis |- |answersabx |following |LP droplet |isolation |until |24hrs |after |abx |have |been |started Meningococcal/pneumococcal |vaccines |- |answersgiven |at |2, |4, | 6 |and | 12 |-15 |months
meningococcal |given: |at |11-12 |y/o |and |booster |at |college |age Kernig's |sign |- |answersa |diagnostic |sign |for |meningitis |marked |by |the |person's |inability |to |extend | the |leg |completely |when |the |thigh |is |flexed |upon |the |abdomen |and |the |person |is |sitting |or |lying | down brudzinski |sign |- |answersNeck |pain |elicited |by |flexing |neck |downward |"chin |to |chest"; |sign |of | meningitis Kernig/Brudzinski |signs |- |answerspertain |to |any |kind |of |meningeal |irritation reye |syndrome |caused |by |- |answerstriggered |by |ASA |/salicylates/aspirin |to |treat |a |viral |infection | or |fever |( | 15 |years |or |younger) reye |syndrome |s/s |- |answerssevere |& |continued |vomiting, | change |in |mental |status, |lethargy, |irritability, | confusion, |hyperreflexia |-> can |lead |to |IICP/liver |fail/death vagal |nerve |simulator |- |answersused |in |epilepsy |if |medications |are |ineffective phenytoin |/ |dilatin |- |answersmonitor |for GINGIVAL |HYPERPLASIA |= |large |gums diaSTAT |/ |RECTAL |DIAZEPAM |- |answersemergency |med |for |prolonged |seizure |activity seizure |pt |teaching |- |answersplace |pt |ON |SIDE |if |possible monitor |airway |and |breathing (nurses: |O2 |sat, |apply |oxygen, |have |suction |ready) seizure |precautions |- |answersSAFETY/AIRWAY/BREATHING |ARE |THE |PRIORITY Pad |side |rails |& |any |hard |surfaces= |Side |rails |raised |at |all |times |when |child |in |bed •Oxygen |& |suction |at |bedside |(set |up |and |ready |to |go) •Supervision |when |bathing, |ambulating, |or |potentially |hazardous |activities
difficulty |arousing, | seizures, | apnea, | bradycardia, | bulging |fontanel, | ↓ |LOC what |is |SBS |- |answerssudden |acceleration |causes |deformation |of |skull |& |movement |of |brain |allowing | brain |to |strike |other |parts |of |skull |- |bruising |occurs |at |points |of |impact |& |movement |causes | hemorrhages |due |to |shearing |force |-> |parent |is |frustrated |with |baby TEACH |PARENTS |TECHNIQUES |FOR |PREVENTING |SBS |- |answers(snuggle)-cradle, |walk |or |rock, |pacifier, | soft |sing-talk-shhh |baby, |stroller |or |car |ride; | If |all |infant's |needs |met: |put |baby |in |safe |place |& |walk |away |to |find |quiet |place |for |self, |check | on |baby |in |5-15 |minutes |intervals, |call |for |help |- |family, |friend, |neighbor Non |accidental |head |trauma |- |answersis |the |leading |cause |of |infant |traumatic |death |and |morbidity near |drowning |- |answersSECOND |leading |cause |of |unintentional |injury |1-14 |yrs |old nursing |mngmt |of |near |drowning |- |answersABC'S |FIRST promote |oxygenation monitor |for |infection neuro |assessment Abdominal |migraine |- |answersseen |in |children consists |of |episodes |of |abdominal |pain |with |nausea, |vomiting, |loss |of |appetite |or |pallor kids |with |this |typically |develop |MIGRAINES |HEADACHES |LATER |IN |LIFE CSF |in |bacterial |meningitis |- |answers■ |Cloudy |color ■ |Elevated |WBC |count ■ |Elevated |protein |content ■ |Decreased |glucose |content ■ |Positive |Gram |stain CSF |in |viral |meningitis |- |answersClear |color
■ |Slightly |elevated |WBC |count ■ |Normal |or |slightly |elevated |protein |content ■ |Normal |glucose |content ■ |Negative |Gram |stain Nursing |actions |for |LP |- |answershave |child |empty |bladder A |topical |anesthetic |(EMLA |cream) |can |be |applied |over |the |biopsy |area | 45 |min |to | 1 |hr |prior |to |the | procedure Place |the |child |in |the |side-lying |position |with |the |head |flexed |and |knees |drawn |up |toward |the |chest, | and |assist |in |maintaining |the |position. |Use |distraction |methods |as |necessary. The |child |can |be |sedated |with |fentanyl |and |midazolam. afterwards- |Instruct |the |client |to |remain |in |bed |in |a |flat |position |to |prevent |leakage |and |a |resulting | spinal |headache. lead |poisoning |low |dose |exposure |- |answersDistractibility, |impulsiveness, |hyperactivity, |hearing | impairment, |and |mild |intellectual |disability drug |to |remove |lead |from |body |- |answerschelation |- |process sodium |EDTA infant |effects |of |hospitalization |- |answersPRIMARY |ISSUE: |stimulation |and |regular |routine | Unfamiliar |environments- |strange |people, |beds, |etc. |Interruption |of |mother-child |relationship | developing |Experiences |mainly |painful |stimuli |and |interruption |of |sleeping |and |eating |routines interventions |for |infants |in |hospital |- |answersHuman |contact |is |most |important |when |caregiver |is |not | available |Enjoys |stimulation |such |as |soothing |voices, |music, |and |being |rocked | Hospital |environments |can |be |over |stimulating- |turn |TV's |off, |dim |lights, |give |one |toy |or |activity |at |a | time |Be |sure |toys |are |sage, |clean, |and |large |enough |so |not |be |ingested | Parents |must |be |continually |assured |of |their |importance |and |abilities |as |caregivers |Encourage |parents |to |bring |comfort |items |from |home |such |as |favorite |toys, |blanket, |or |pacifier
Separation |concerns |related |to |peers; |fear |of |loss |of |status |in |peer |groups | Anxiety |related |to |body |injury |and |pain | Concern |for |body |image |and |changes |in |physical |appearance |Concern |for |privacy; |modesty Preoccupation |with |physical |changes interventions |for |adolescents |in |hospital |- |answersAllow |teen |to |participate |in |treatment |decisions | and |have |as |much |control |as |possible | Respect |privacy |and |confidentiality infant |VS |- |answersHR: |80- RR: |25- toddler |VS |- |answersHR |70- RR |20- preschooler |VS |- |answersHR |65- RR |20- school |age |VS |- |answersHR |60- RR |14- adolscent |VS |- |answersHR |55- RR |12- school |age |VS |- |answersHR
