Download NURS 6531 Spring 2026 Midterms and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NURS 6531 Spring 2026
Midterms
Question 1 0 out of 1 points A patient has experienced nausea and vomiting, headache, malaise, low grade fever, abdominal cramps, and watery diarrhea for 72 hours. His white count is elevated with a shift to the left. He is requesting medication for diarrhea. What is the most appropriate response? **The main focus of treatment is to prevent dehydration by drinking plenty of fluids. In severe cases, hospitalization and intravenous fluids are necessary. Over-the- counter oral rehydration solutions (OHS), such as Pedialyte, can be helpful in mild cases Question 2 1 out of 1 points Which type of lung cancer has the poorest prognosis? Small cell carcinoma Question 3 1 out of 1 points Stacy, age 27, states that she has painless, white, slightly raised patches in her mouth. They are probably caused by: Candidiasis Question 4 1 out of 1 points An 80-year-old male admits to difficulty swallowing during the review of systems. The nurse practitioner recognizes the differential diagnosis for this patient’s dysphagia is: GERD & Cancer Question 5 1 out of 1 points A 40 year old presents with a hordeolum. The nurse practitioner teaches the patient to: apply a topical antibiotic and warm compresses. Question 6
1 out of 1 points Marvin has sudden eye redness that occurred after a strenuous coughing episode. You diagnose a subconjunctival hemorrhage. Your next step is to: Do nothing other than provide reassurance Isoniazid ppd Question 7 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is not a goal of treatment for the patient with cystic fibrosis? Replace water-soluble vitamins Question 8 0 out of 1 points The most common cancer found on the auricle is: basal cell carcinoma Question 9 1 out of 1 points Which of the following color changes in a pigmented lesion suggests malignant transformation? **ALL COLORS Question 10 1 out of 1 points Antibiotic administration has been demonstrated to be of little benefit to the treatment of which of the following disease processes? Acute bronchitis Question 11 1 out of 1 points The Centor criteria for diagnosis of Group A B-hemolytic streptococcus includes which of the following? A and B only Question 12 1 out of 1 points When teaching a patient with hypertension about restricting sodium, you would include which of the following instructions?
emphysema include:
increased total lung capacity (TLC). Question 21 1 out of 1 points A child complains that his “throat hurts” with swallowing. His voice is very “throaty” and he is hyperextending his neck to talk. Examination reveals asymmetrical swelling of his tonsils. His uvula is deviated to the left. What is the most likely diagnosis? Peritonsillar abscess- my answer Question 22 0 out of 1 points Of the following signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF), the earliest clinical manifestation is: **weight gain. Question 23 1 out of 1 points Salmeterol (Servent) is prescribed for a patient with asthma. What is the most important teaching point about this medication? -It is not effective during an acute asthma attack Question 24 1 out of 1 points An active 65-year-old man under your care has known acquired valvular aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation. He also has a history of infectious endocarditis. He has recently been told he needs elective replacement of his aortic valve. When he comes into the office you discover that he has 10 remaining teeth in poor repair. Your recommendation would be to: suggest that he consult with his oral surgeon about removing all the teeth at once and receiving appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis Question 25 1 out of 1 points A middle-aged male presents to urgent care complaining of fever, dysphagia, and shortness of breath. The nurse practitioner notes the patient leaning forward in a tripod position and drooling. The clinical presentation of this patient suggests: Epiglottitis Question 26 0 out of 1 points Alan, age 54, notices a bulge in his midline every time he rises from bed in the morning. You tell him it is a ventral hernia, also known as: **epigastric hernia
A 55 year old man is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma. The nurse practitioner correctly tells him: **Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer. It’s also the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. Every year, millions of people learn that they have BCC. This skin cancer usually develops on skin that gets sun exposure, such as on the head, neck, or back of the hands. BCC is especially common on the face, often forming on the nose. While BCC often develops on skin that has had the most sun, BCC can appear on any part of the body, including the trunk, legs, and arms. People who use tanning beds also get BCC, and they also tend to get it earlier in life. This type of skin cancer grows slowly. It rarely spreads to other parts of the body. Treatment is important because BCC can grow wide and deep, destroying skin, tissue, and bone. Question 35 0 out of 1 points Your patient Jerry has gout. What do you suggest? **treating the acute attack of inflammation when one or more joints are very inflamed and painful ongoing treatment to reduce the level of urate in your blood and to get rid of urate crystals. The two most commonly used drug treatments for acute attacks of gout are non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and colchicine.Acute attacks of gout are often treated with oral non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which can ease pain and possibly reduce some of the inflammation. Examples include ibuprofen, naproxen and etoricoxib. Question 36 1 out of 1 points Your well-nourished 75-year-old patient has come into the office for a physical exam and states that she recently had two nosebleeds. She does not take any anticoagulants, and you have ruled out any coagulopathies. The most likely cause of these nosebleeds is: Trauma or inflammation Question 37 1 out of 1 points A 33-year-old female is admitted with acute pancreatitis. The nurse practitioner knows that the most common cause of pancreatitis is: Gallstones Question 38 0 out of 1 points
A 76-year-old male complains of weight loss, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping and pain. Physical findings include an abdominal mass and stool positive for occult blood. The nurse practitioner pain suspects a tumor in the small intestine. The best diagnostic test for this patient is: **Imaging tests used to diagnose small bowel cancer include: Computerized tomography (CT) scan. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Positron emission tomography (PET) CBC, Blood chem, endoscopy, biopsy Question 39 1 out of 1 points Carl, age 78, is brought to the office by his son, who states that his father has been unable to see clearly since last night. Carl reports that his vision is “like looking through a veil.” He also sees floaters and flashing lights but is not having any pain. What do you suspect? Retinal Detachment Question 40 0 out of 1 points Management of a patient with hypertension and an abdominal aortic aneurysm would include: **The goals of pharmacotherapy are to reduce morbidity and to prevent complications. Antihypertensive agents are used to reduce tension on the vessel wall in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) who have elevated blood pressure (BP). Esmolol (Brevibloc) View full drug information An ultrashort-acting beta1 blocker, esmolol is particularly useful in patients with elevated arterial pressure, especially if surgery is planned. It can be discontinued abruptly if necessary. This agent is normally used in conjunction with nitroprusside. It may be useful as a means of testing beta-blocker safety and tolerance in patients with a history of obstructive pulmonary disease who are at uncertain risk for bronchospasm from beta blockade. The elimination half-life of esmolol is 9 minutes. Labetalol (Trandate) View full drug information Labetalol blocks alpha1-, beta1-, and beta2-adrenergic receptor sites, decreasing blood pressure. Propranolol (Inderal LA, InnoPran XL) View full drug information A class II antiarrhythmic nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, propranolol has membrane-stabilizing activity and decreases the automaticity of contractions. It is not suitable for emergency treatment of hypertension; it should not be administered IV in
Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol-XL) View full drug information Metoprolol is a selective beta 1-adrenergic receptor blocker that decreases the automaticity of contractions. During IV administration, carefully monitor blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiograms. When considering conversion from IV to oral (PO) dosage forms, use the ratio of 2.5 mg PO to 1 mg IV. Nitroprusside (Nitropress) View full drug information Nitroprusside causes peripheral vasodilation by acting directly on venous and arteriolar smooth muscle, thus reducing peripheral resistance. This agent is commonly used IV because of its rapid onset and short duration of action. It is easily titrated to the desired effect. Because nitroprusside is light-sensitive, both bottle and tubing should be wrapped in aluminum foil. Before initiating nitroprusside therapy, administer a beta blocker to counteract the physiologic response of reflex tachycardia that occurs when nitroprusside is used alone. This physiologic response will increase the shear forces against the aortic wall, thus increasing dP/dt. The objective is to keep the heart rate between 60 and 80 beats/min. Morphine sulfate (Astramorph, Infumorph, Duramorph) Fentanyl citrate Question 41 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is not a symptom of irritable bowel syndrome? Symptoms are: Abdominal pain, cramping or bloating that is typically relieved or partially relieved by passing a bowel movement Excess gas Diarrhea or constipation — sometimes alternating bouts of diarrhea and constipation Weight loss Diarrhea at night Rectal bleeding Iron deficiency anemia Unexplained vomiting Difficulty swallowing Persistent pain that isn't relieved by passing gas or a bowel movement Mucus in the stool
Question 42 1 out of 1 points
Based on etiology Question 47 1 out of 1 points An AST that is more than twice the level of ALT is suggestive of: **alcoholic liver disease, Question 48 1 out of 1 points A 45 year old with diabetes has had itching and burning lesions between her toes for 2 months. Scrapings of the lesions confirm the diagnosis tinea pedis. What is the best initial treatment option for this patient? Prescribe an anti-fungal powder for application between her toes and in her shoes and a topical prescription strength anti-fungal cream for other affected areas. Monitor for a secondary bacterial infection. Question 49 0 out of 1 points An elderly patient is being seen in the clinic for complaint of “weak spells” relieved by sitting or lying down. How should the nurse practitioner proceed with the physical examination? Question 50 1 out of 1 points Sandra has celiac disease. You place her on which diet? Gluten-free Question 51 1 out of 1 points Larry, age 66, is a smoker with hyperlipidemia and hypertension. He is 6 months post-MI. To prevent reinfarction, the most important behavior change that he can make is to: Quit smoking Question 52 1 out of 1 points Group A β-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis is most common in which age group? 6- Question 53 0 out of 1 points
A very active elderly patient has a documented diagnosis of arteriosclerosis obliterans. Common expected lower extremity physical exam findings include: ** Question 54 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is a secondary cause of hyperlipidemia? Diabetes mellitus **Diet: excessive intake of saturated fat and/or calories, alcohol consumption, anorexia Drugs: diuretics, beta-blockers, cyclosporine, estrogen, glucocorticoids, anabolic steroids, retinoids, protease inhibitors Disease: chronic liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, Cushing’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus Dysmetabolism: hypothyroidism, diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance Question 55 0 out of 1 points Harvey has had Meniere’s disease for several years. He has some hearing loss but now has persistent vertigo. What treatment might be instituted to relieve the vertigo? a vestibular neurectomy Question 56 1 out of 1 points An employee picnic menu includes grilled hamburgers, potato salad, and homemade ice cream sundaes. Within an hour after the meal, several children and parents begin to have nausea, vomiting and stomach cramps. None of those affected have fever. What is the most likely etiologic agent? Staphylococcus aureus Question 57 0 out of 1 points The nurse practitioner is performing a physical exam on a middle- aged African- American man. Which of the following areas is a common site for melanomas in African-Americans and other dark- skinned individuals? The most common site of melanoma in African Americans is the feet, with 60% of patients having subungual or plantar lesions Question 58 0 out of 1 points A 58-year-old man is diagnosed with Barrett’s esophagus after an endoscopy. He has no known allergies. Which of the following medications is MOST appropriate to treat this patient’s disorder?
Diastolic: From 90 to 99 High Blood Pressure
(Hypertension) Stage 2 Systolic: 160 or higher Diastolic: 100 or higher Hypertensive Crisis (Emergency care needed) Systolic: Higher than 180 Diastolic: Higher than 110 Question 62 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is the most appropriate therapeutic regimen for an adult patient with no known allergies diagnosed with group A B- hemolytic strep? Penicillin Question 63 1 out of 1 points A patient reports “something flew in my eye” about an hour ago while he was splitting logs. If there were a foreign body in his eye, the nurse practitioner would expect to find all except: A purulent discharge. Question 64 0 out of 1 points A patient complains of “an aggravating cough for the past 6 weeks.” There is no physiological cause for the cough. Which medication is most likely causing the cough? ** This class is called the ACE inhibitors. Some examples of ACE inhibitors include lisinopril, captopril, and ramipril. The cough is generally a dry one but can be quite annoying. 99 erick ** enalapril? Question 65 0 out of 1 points Which choice below is least effective for alleviating symptoms of the common cold? antibiotics liberal intake of fluids adequate rest Aspirin warm clothing
stools 3–4 times a day for several weeks and denies fever, chills, pain, recent antibiotic use. The history suggests that the patient has: ** Question 67 0 out of 1 points A patient reports to the nurse practitioner that he was diagnosed with hepatitis B a year ago and has not seen a health care provider since then. What information should this patient be given? About 10% of affected persons become carriers and are at increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Question 68 1 out of 1 points The most common correlate(s) with chronic bronchitis and emphysema is(are): Smoking Question 69 1 out of 1 points If a patient presents with a deep aching, red eye and there is no discharge, you should suspect: Iritis Question 70 1 out of 1 points Treatment of H.pylori includes which of the following? Proton pump inhibitor Antibiotic therapy Bismuth subsalicylate A and B A, B, and C my answer Question 71 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is the most important diagnosis to rule out in the adult patient with acute bronchitis? pneumonia Question 72 1 out of 1 points What oral medication might be used to treat chronic cholethiasis in a patient who is a poor candidate for surgery? Certain chemicals, such as ursodiol or chenodiol, Question 73
1 out of 1 points Which of the following best describes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? of heart disease that affects the heart muscle. It causes thickening of the heart muscle (especially the ventricles, or lower heart chambers), left ventricular stiffness, mitral valve changes and cellular changes. Question 74 1 out of 1 points Amaurosis fugax is described as a: is a painless temporary loss of vision in one or both eyes. Transient and periodic Question 75 1 out of 1 points The nurse practitioner observes a tympanic membrane that is opaque, has decreased mobility, and is without bulging or inflammation. The least likely diagnosis for this patient is: **? A common cause of conductive hearing loss in adults ages 20 - 40 is otosclerosis, a gradual hardening of the tympanic membrane that causes the footplate of the stapes to become fixed in the oval window. Presbycusis, a progressive, bilaterally symmetrical perceptive hearing loss arising from structural changes in the hearing organs, usually occurs after age 50. Trauma may result in a conductive hearing loss, but this is certainly not common. Question 76 0 out of 1 points Which of the following heart murmurs warrants the greatest concern? ** Murmurs that occur during diastole are NEVER INNOCENT and should always raise concern and indicate further investigation Question 77 0 out of 1 points A patient with elevated lipids has been started on lovastatin. After 3 weeks of therapy, he calls to report generalized muscle aches. The nurse practitioner should suspect: Rhabdomyolysis- Drug interaction Question 78 0 out of 1 points Harriet, a 79-year-old woman, comes to your office every 3 months for follow up on her hypertension. Her medications include one baby aspirin daily, Lisinopril 5mg daily, and Calcium 1500 mg daily. At today’s visit. Her blood pressure is 170/89.
