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Nursing 241 Exam 2 - Respiratory System: Solved Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

Widener University - DelawareNursing

A comprehensive overview of the respiratory system, covering key anatomical structures, physiological processes, and common respiratory conditions. It includes solved questions and answers related to the exam, making it a valuable resource for nursing students preparing for their exams. Topics such as the anatomy of the nose, pharynx, larynx, and lungs, as well as respiratory changes associated with aging, pneumothorax, hypoxemia, tracheostomy, laryngeal cancer, and various respiratory disorders like chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and pneumonia. It also discusses the use of ventilators and chest tubes, and provides insights into the administration of medications like beta agonists, cholinergic agents, and corticosteroids.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 01/18/2025

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Nursing 241 exam 2- Respiratory Solved
100% Correct!!
Nose - ✔️✔️organ of smell; lined with blood rich mucous membranes
anterior nares - ✔️✔️external opening
posterior nares - ✔️✔️open in throat
turbinate's - ✔️✔️3 bones into nasal cavity-- purpose is it increase surface area for
filtering, warming & humidifying air
Paranasal sinuses - ✔️✔️provide resonance to speech, decrease weight of skull & act
as shock absorbers during trauma
pharynx - ✔️✔️passageway for respiratory and digestive systems
nasopharnyx - ✔️✔️behind nose and above soft palate; contains adenoids; contains
eustachian tubes
adenoids - ✔️✔️trap organisms entering nose and mouth
eustachian tubes - ✔️✔️connects nasopharnyx with middle ear, opens during
swallowing to equalize pressure in middle ear
oropharynx - ✔️✔️behind mouth, below nasopharynx, extends from soft palate to base
of tongue, used for breathing & swallowing
laryngopharynx - ✔️✔️located behind larynx from base of tongue to esophagus
larynx - ✔️✔️voice box; above trachea; composed of cartilage
thyroid cartilage - ✔️✔️adams apple
cricoid cartilage - ✔️✔️contains vocal cords, below thyroid cartilage
cricoid membrane - ✔️✔️below vocal cords, joins thyroid/cricoid cartilage
glottis - ✔️✔️opening between true vocal cords
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Nursing 241 exam 2- Respiratory Solved

100% Correct!!

Nose - ✔️ ✔️ organ of smell; lined with blood rich mucous membranes anterior nares - ✔️ ✔️ external opening posterior nares - ✔️ ✔️ open in throat turbinate's - ✔️ ✔️ 3 bones into nasal cavity-- purpose is it increase surface area for filtering, warming & humidifying air Paranasal sinuses - ✔️ ✔️ provide resonance to speech, decrease weight of skull & act as shock absorbers during trauma pharynx - ✔️ ✔️ passageway for respiratory and digestive systems nasopharnyx - ✔️ ✔️ behind nose and above soft palate; contains adenoids; contains eustachian tubes adenoids - ✔️ ✔️ trap organisms entering nose and mouth eustachian tubes - ✔️ ✔️ connects nasopharnyx with middle ear, opens during swallowing to equalize pressure in middle ear oropharynx - ✔️ ✔️ behind mouth, below nasopharynx, extends from soft palate to base of tongue, used for breathing & swallowing laryngopharynx - ✔️ ✔️ located behind larynx from base of tongue to esophagus larynx - ✔️ ✔️ voice box; above trachea; composed of cartilage thyroid cartilage - ✔️ ✔️ adams apple cricoid cartilage - ✔️ ✔️ contains vocal cords, below thyroid cartilage cricoid membrane - ✔️ ✔️ below vocal cords, joins thyroid/cricoid cartilage glottis - ✔️ ✔️ opening between true vocal cords

epiglottis - ✔️ ✔️ small flap over glottis, opens during breathing & closes during swallowing to prevent aspiration surfactant - ✔️ ✔️ fatty protein that reduces surface tension in alveoli without surfactant they collapse atelectasis - ✔️ ✔️ collapse of alveoli, reducing gas exchange, due to change in surface size pulmonary circulation - ✔️ ✔️ high vascular, oxygen poor blood travels from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. branching into capillary networks through alveoli respiratory changes associated with aging - ✔️ ✔️ 1. alveoli recoil decreases; decreased ability to cough

  1. lungs-residual volume decreases
  2. laryngeal muscles become weaker
  3. risk for hypoxemia increases
  4. exercise intolerance
  5. greater susceptibility to infection
  6. kyphosis: rounded spine
  7. increase A&P diameter pneumothorax - ✔️ ✔️ collapsed lung how does a pneumothorax happen? - ✔️ ✔️ when air leaks into the space between lung and chest wall air pushes on the outside of lung causes it to collapse; can be complete or partial S/S of pneumothorax - ✔️ ✔️ -sudden chest pain
  • SOB
  • decreased/absent lung sounds
  • decreased O2 saturation common causes of pneumothorax - ✔️ ✔️ -chest wall trauma
  • mechanical ventillation
  • lung disease
  • medical procedures where needle is in chest
  • PICC line
  • central lines Late signs of pneumothorax - ✔️ ✔️ decreased LOC tracheal deviation toward unaffected side hypotension distended neck veins cyanosis
  1. keep system below chest level
  2. monitor drainage
  3. assess lungs q2hr
  4. no kinks in tube; if bubbling (tidaling) stops check tube for kink
  5. ensure chest tube is secure
  6. if chest tube is pulled out cover with dry sterile gauze; call a rapid response pneumonia - ✔️ ✔️ excess fluid in lungs resulting from inflammatory process community-acquired pneumonia - ✔️ ✔️ contracted outside hospital hospital-acquired pneumonia - ✔️ ✔️ onset less than 48 hours after admission health care-acquired pneumonia - ✔️ ✔️ onset greater than 48 hours after admission ventilatory- associated pneumonia - ✔️ ✔️ onset 48-72 hours after intubation what do you always get with Vancomycin? - ✔️ ✔️ peak and trough because of nephrotoxicity trough - ✔️ ✔️ lowest concentration in the patient's bloodstream, therefore the specimen should be collected prior to administration of the drug peak - ✔️ ✔️ highest concentration of a drug in the patient's bloodstream acute respiratory distress syndrome - ✔️ ✔️ ARDS: acute respiratory failure with hypoxemia (even with 100% oxgen), decreased pulmonary compliance, dyspnea, noncardiac associated bilateral pulmonary edema, GROUND GLASS main sign of laryngeal cancer - ✔️ ✔️ painless hoarseness 2 types of laryngeal cancer surgeries - ✔️ ✔️ total/partial laryngectomy cordectomy short acting beta agonist - ✔️ ✔️ rescue drugs examples of short acting beta agonist - ✔️ ✔️ albuterol levalbuterol nursing considerations of short acting beta agonist - ✔️ ✔️ -always carry drug
  • monitor heart rate (tachycardia)
  • use 5 minutes before other inhlaed drugs
  • teach correct technique

long acting beta agonist - ✔️ ✔️ salmetrol indacterol formoterol arformoterol 2 long acting beta agonist used for COPD only - ✔️ ✔️ indacterol arformoterol cholinergic agents - ✔️ ✔️ causes bronchodilation by inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system, allowing the sympathetic system to dominate the release of norepinephrine that activates beta receptors; purpose is to relieve and prevent attacks along with improving gas exchange examples of cholinergic agents - ✔️ ✔️ ipratropium tiotropium corticosteroids - ✔️ ✔️ disrupts production of inflammatory mediators; prevent asthma attack (controller drug) examples of corticosteroids - ✔️ ✔️ fluticasone beclomethasone budesonide prednisone high pressure alarm on vent - ✔️ ✔️ patient may be biting; tube obstruction; clear airway/suction low pressure alarm on vent - ✔️ ✔️ disconnect from patient; ensure all connections are secure FIO2 on vent - ✔️ ✔️ fraction of inspired oxygen; percent of O SIMV on vent - ✔️ ✔️ preset mandatory breaths; feeds off of patient's initiation of breath and the machine just helps flail chest - ✔️ ✔️ result from fracture of at least 2 neighboring ribs in two or more places causing paradoxical chest wall movement paradoxical chest wall movement - ✔️ ✔️ inward movement of the thorax during inspiration and with outward movement during expiration tension pneumothorax assessment - ✔️ ✔️ extreme respiratory distress/cyanosis distended neck veins hemodynamic instability