Nursing exam study guide review
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Infection- the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms
in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in
local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins,
intracellular replication or antigen- antibody response
Nosocomial and Health care-associated Infections (HAIs)
•
Involve about 2 million clients a year
•
Endogenous- in the client
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Exogenous- acquired from the environment
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Iatrogenic- acquired during a diagnostic procedure
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Joint commission national safety goals
o
Hand hygiene
o
Prevent infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms
o
Prevent central line-associated bloodstream infections
o
Prevent surgical site infections
o
Prevent catheter associated urinary tract infections (cautis)
Cautis
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Caused by improper insertion technique, contamination of
closed drainage system, duration of stay
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Prevention- use aseptic technique, maintenance of closed
drainage
system, limit use of and the duration of urinary catheters
Chain of Infection
• Microorganism reservoir (source) portal of exit
method of transmission portal of entry susceptible host
Interventions to reduce risks of infections
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Personal: hygiene, nutrition, fluid, sleep, stress relief,
immunizations
Body defenses against infection
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Non-specific defenses:
o
Primary-
▪
Intact skin and mucous membranes, enzymatic
action, anti-microbial, resident flora, cilia,
macrophages, shedding of epithelium,
mechanical action
o
Secondary-
▪
Fever, inflammatory response
•
Specific defenses:
o
Tertiary-
