Nursing III Final Review Question Guide
Module 10 review:
1. What is hepatitis? Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver.
a. Who is at risk for:
i. Hepatitis A: Individuals living with infected people, sex partners of
infected people, traveling to other countries
ii. Hepatitis B: Health care workers or people exposed to blood and body
fluids, inmates in prisons, drug users, multiple sex partners, hemodialysis
patients, recipients of clotting factor concentrates
iii. Hepatitis C: IV drug users, recipients of blood products or tissue
transplants before 1992, tattoos and piercings
iv. Hepatitis D: "Same as Hepatitis B"
b. What vaccinations are available?
c. What are the causes of hepatitis?
▪Hepatitis A: Fecal/oral route, contaminated food or water
▪Hepatitis B: Body fluids (semen, saliva, vaginal), blood through skin and
mucous membranes
▪Hepatitis C: Blood and plasma through skin and mucous membranes
▪What is the most common cause? IV Drug use, multiple sex partners
d. What abnormal lab values are expected with hepatitis?
oLiver Enzyme Assessments:
▪Include albumin, total and direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate
transaminase (also known as AST or serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
[SGOT]), and alanine transaminase (also known as ALT, glutamic pyruvate
transaminase [GPT], or serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]).
Further testing could include prothrombin time (PT) after receiving vitamin K,
gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), ammonia (NH3), amylase, viral studies
for hepatitis antigens, isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), copper, and iron.
▪Liver enzymes can be elevated with conditions such as diabetes, obesity,
autoimmune disorders, some viral infections (especially hepatitis), and
some genetic diseases.
▪Prothrombin and hemoglobin prior to liver biopsy
oHow are fluid and electrolyte balances affected?
oAre there any treatments specific to the abnormal labs?
e. What other diagnostics are available for hepatitis?
i. What risks are associated with any of these diagnostics?
