Download NVRA EXAMINATION TEST 2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS 100% CORRECT and more Exams Reasoning in PDF only on Docsity!
NVRA EXAMINATION TEST 2026 SOLVED
QUESTIONS 100% CORRECT
◉ Bench conference. Answer: a conversation held by attorneys with a judge out of the hearing of the jury, may also be called a sidebar ◉ Confidentiality. Answer: professional responsibility of reporter to not disclose testimony to others; confidentiality extends to scopists, transcribers, and office staff. ◉ certified question. Answer: a question extracted from a deposition and transcribed by the reporter to be taken to a judge having jurisdiction in the matter for a ruling ◉ certificate page. Answer: last page in a transcript dated & signed by the court reporter ◉ elements of a civil trial. Answer: jury selection, opening statements, examination of witnesses, physical evidence, plaintiff rets, motion for directed verdict, defendant's case in chief, defendant rests, plaintiff's rebuttal, defendants surrebuttal, closing arguments, jury instructions, jury deliberation and verdict, entry of judgment.
◉ exhibit. Answer: material items of physical evidence introduced by attorneys to corroborate and confirm oral testimony or to introduce new evidence, which are marked for identification so they can be discussed. ◉ errata page. Answer: a page separate from the transcript upon which a deponent is permitted to correct any errors he or she claims are present in a transcript ◉ elements of a transcript. Answer: title, index, stipulations, body, exhibits, certificate ◉ elements of criminal trial. Answer: jury selection - opening statements
- plaintiff's case in chief - defendant's case in chief - prosecution rebuttal & defense surrebuttal - closing arguments - jury instructions - jury deliberation & verdict - polling of jury ◉ fraud. Answer: intentional perversion of truth for the purpose of inducing a person to rely on the false information to his or her detriment ◉ forgery. Answer: the false making or the material altering of a document with the intent to defraud. ◉ Federal Rule 30. Answer: a portion of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure which defines matters pertinent to the taking of depositions; many states pattern their rules pertaining to depositions after this rule
◉ heir. Answer: One who inherits the property of another by operation of law rather than by will ◉ hypothetical question. Answer: a question asking an expert witness to assume proven facts and eliciting witness' opinion based on those facts ◉ hung jury. Answer: one which cannot agree on a verdict ◉ hornbook law. Answer: those principles of law which are known generally to all and are free from doubt and ambiguity ◉ hostile witness. Answer: witness who manifests so much hostility or prejudice under examination in chief that the party who has called witness is allowed to cross-examine him/her, i.e. to treat witness as through he/she had been called by the opposite party ◉ indictment. Answer: A formal charge by a grand jury ◉ in re. Answer: in the matter of; concerning ◉ infra. Answer: below, later in the document ◉ initial appearance. Answer: After arrest, the first appearance of the accused before a judge or magistrate
◉ in camera. Answer: in chamber ◉ impartiality. Answer: professional responsibility of reporter to be fair and unbiased to each participant in a proceeding and to be alert to and disclose any potential conflict of interest ◉ information. Answer: an accusation exhibited against a person for some criminal offense without an indictment; presented by a competent public officer on his oath of office instead of a grand jury on their oath ◉ in forma pauperis. Answer: in the character or manner of a pauper; describes permission given to a poor person or indigent to proceed without liability for court fees or costs ◉ interlineation. Answer: amending of pleading or motion by written insertion between words or lines already typed or printed ◉ i.e.. Answer: id est; that is ◉ impeachment. Answer: destruction of written credibility. ◉ interpreted proceedings. Answer: proceedings in which a non english- speaking witness testifies through an interpreter following an oath
◉ protective order. Answer: an order issued by a court to permit one party to temporarily hold back certain documents or information, or to protect a person from harassment or service of process, may also be used when interrogatories or requests for production are oppressive or burdensome ◉ reporter's worksheet. Answer: a preprinted form that is filled in at the time of the proceeding or from the reporter's notes which includes date, time, and location of the proceeding, appearances, exhibits, and witnesses, as well as any other information pertinent for billing or contact. May also be called info sheet, poop sheet, dope sheet, dog sheet, and control sheet. ◉ Statute of Limitations. Answer: statute specifying a time period within which something must be done or rights will be lost ◉ style of deposition. Answer: the title or style of the case includes the names of the parties, the venue of the matter, and the case number, may also be called the caption or the heading ◉ witness setup. Answer: the proper transcription of the name of a witness as it appears within the transcript, referring to the info that appears between the time of a witness is called and when he or she begins testimony; includes the calling of the witness, the oath if transcribed, his or her name keyed in spread-heading format, and who the witness was called for or whether he or she is the plaintiff or
defendant, and may also include asking the witness to state your name and address for the record. ◉ inter vivos. Answer: among the living, done during lifetime ◉ inculpatory. Answer: that which tends to incriminate or bring about a criminal conviction ◉ sua sponte. Answer: of its own will or motion ◉ stipulation. Answer: the agreement of counsel as to the existence of certain facts or circumstances ◉ subrogation. Answer: the substitution of person in the place of another with reference to a lawful claim, demand, or right ◉ in personam. Answer: against a person to impose a liability or obligation ◉ interpleader. Answer: a proceeding to determine the rights of rival claimants to property held by a third person having no interest therein ◉ injunction. Answer: a court order prohibiting some action
◉ suo nomine. Answer: in one's own name ◉ summons. Answer: a writ of notification requiring the person to appear and defend ◉ summary judgment. Answer: decision given by court without delay or formality of full proceedings ◉ sui juris. Answer: of one's own right ◉ in facie curiae. Answer: in the face of the court ◉ Tenants in common. Answer: a joint tenancy of two or more people, but when one tenant in common dies his/her interest passes to his/her heirs, etc, not to other tenants ◉ Tenants in the Entirety. Answer: a joint tenancy between husband and wife; each considered as owning the whole; when one dies the other still owns the property. ◉ affirmation. Answer: a solemn and formal declaration of asseveration that an affidavit is true, that the witness will tell the truth, et. being substituted or an oath in certain cases.
◉ abeyance. Answer: estate law- a lapse in succession during which there is no person in whom title is vested. ◉ abstract of title. Answer: excerpts from the official records containing the essential information to show the chain of title to real estate and the facts of record that bear upon its marketability ◉ ad damnum. Answer: the clause of a writ or declaration containing statement of damages claimed. ◉ ad hoc. Answer: for only the particular case at hand ◉ adjudication. Answer: the rendering of a decision; sometimes the decision itself. ◉ ad litem. Answer: for the purposes of a suit ◉ allesthesia. Answer: the circumstance whereby a sensation such as pain or touch is experienced at a point remote from that at which the stimulus occurs. ◉ abscess. Answer: localized collection of pus buried in tissues organs or confined spaces
◉ brachial plexus. Answer: a network of vessels and nerves in the shoulder/arm region ◉ bronchiectasis. Answer: dilation of the bronchial tubes ◉ canines. Answer: teeth immediately lateral to the incisors ◉ caridology. Answer: the study of the heart and it's functions ◉ cerebrospinal. Answer: pertaining to the brain and the spinal cord ◉ cesarean section. Answer: surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus ◉ chronic. Answer: persisting over a long time ◉ molars. Answer: posterior teeth which are used for grinding food ◉ D&C. Answer: dilation of the cervix and curetage of the uterus ◉ cuspid. Answer: Having one cusp or point; canine tooth
◉ creatinine. Answer: substance found in muscle and blood and excreted in the urine ◉ chondromalacia. Answer: abnormal softening of cartilage ◉ cholecysterectomy. Answer: excision of the gallbladder ◉ discogram. Answer: graphic record of the view of an intervertebral disk ◉ dorsal. Answer: pertaining to the back or the position more toward the back; same as posterior in human anatomy ◉ dysphagia. Answer: difficulty in swallowing ◉ ecchymosis. Answer: small hemorrhagic spot on the skin - larger than petechia ◉ edema. Answer: presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces of the body ◉ encephalopathy. Answer: any degenerative disease of the brain
◉ dictum. Answer: In a court's decision, the statement of a rule or principle of law which is not essential to the determination of the issues in a particular case, but is used to explain the court's reasoning ◉ digest. Answer: a multi-volume collection of abbreviated case summaries arranged by a subject matter. A research tool ◉ directed verdict. Answer: a verdict that the judge instructs the jury to return which it must do. Used when there are no factual issues for the jury to decide ◉ direct evidence. Answer: That offered by eyewitnesses as contrasted to circumstantial evidence from which conclusions are drawn ◉ direct examination. Answer: interrogation of one's own party of witnesses ◉ disclaimer. Answer: Repudiation or renunciation of a right or power typically or legally vested in a person. Refusal or rejection of an estate or right offered to a person; disavowal or denial. ◉ discovery. Answer: The pretrial process whereby one seeks to discover facts known by the other side. May be done by means of deposition, written interrogatories, physical evidence, or production of books and records
◉ dismissal without prejudice. Answer: dismissal without trial which permits party to bring another civil action for the same cause unless civil action is otherwise barred ◉ dismissal with predjuice. Answer: Dismissal without trial which bars the assertion of the same cause of action or claim against the same party ◉ dissent. Answer: The opinion of a judge who does not agree with the majority of the court ◉ dissolution. Answer: termination; frequently used in "dissolution of marriage." ◉ divest. Answer: to deprive or dispossess especially of property, authority, or title ◉ docket. Answer: a formal record, entered in brief, of the proceedings in a court of justice ◉ doctrine. Answer: a rule, principle, theory, or tenet of the law ◉ doctrine of equivalents. Answer: In patent infringement law, if two devices do the same work in substantially the same way and accomplish
◉ eminent domain. Answer: the power to take private property for public use through condemnation proceedings and compensation ◉ en banc. Answer: all of the judges of one court sitting together ◉ encumbrance. Answer: a claim, lien, charge, or liability attached to and binding real property ◉ irrelevant. Answer: not pertinent; does not relate to the matter at issue ◉ geriatric. Answer: pertaining to the treatment of the aged ◉ glioblastroma. Answer: a rapidly growing tumor ◉ gynecology. Answer: the branch of medicine dealing with disorders and treatment of the reproductive system in women ◉ H&P. Answer: history and physical ◉ humerus. Answer: the bone that extends from the shoulder to the elbow ◉ hypotension. Answer: abnormally low blood pressure
◉ hypoxia. Answer: reduction of sufficient oxygen in tissues in spite of adequate blood supply ◉ ileum. Answer: a portion of the small intestine ◉ cervical. Answer: pertaining to the part of the spine connecting the head and trunk; pertaining to a constricted part of the organ ◉ ileus. Answer: a bowel obstruction ◉ ilium. Answer: pelvis; part of the hipbone ◉ incisors. Answer: the four anterior teeth in either jaw ◉ infraction. Answer: formation of an infract (generally, a necrosis of tissue due to an obstruction of circulation); commonly myocardial infraction or heart attack ◉ keloid. Answer: an elevated, irregularly-shaped scar
