OB/GYN ARDMS Practice Questions and Answers, Exams of Advanced Education

Practice questions and answers for obstetrics and gynecology (ob/gyn) based on ardms standards. Topics include neural tube defects, multiple pregnancies, ovarian masses, fetal lung maturity, menstrual cycle phases, and fetal anomalies detectable via ultrasound. Questions test knowledge of diagnostic criteria, anatomy, and clinical conditions in ob/gyn sonography. Valuable for ardms certification preparation or reinforcing ob/gyn ultrasound principles. Key concepts covered: lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio, cystic teratomas, and nuchal translucency significance. The question-and-answer format facilitates quick review and self-assessment.

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2024/2025

Available from 08/20/2025

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OB(GYN) ARDMS PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
Neural tube defects are_________times more likely to occur in diabetic mothers
a. 7
b. 8
c.9
d. 10 - ANSWERd. 10
A monozygotic, monochorionic and monoamniotic pregnancy is also referred to as
a. Fraternal Twins
b. Ectopic Pregnancy
c. Identical Twins
d. Singleton pregnancy - ANSWERd. Singleton pregnancy
Results from the fertilization of two separate eggs during the same pregnancy. May be
of the same or different sexes. They share half of their genes just like any other siblings.
- ANSWERFraternal Twins/Dizygotic
Twins that result from fertilization of a single egg with a single sperm and then during
the embryonic development, or during the cell splits, those massive eggs split into two
individuals, which later develop into two offspring. Share all of their genes and are
always of the same sex. - ANSWERIdentical/Monozygotic
The tip of the iceberg sign usually refers to which mass?
a. ovarian cancer
b. cystadenoma
c. dermoid cyst
d. cystadenocarcinoma - ANSWERc. dermoid cyst
A saclike growth that is present at birth. It contains structures such as hair, fluid, teeth,
or skin glands that can be found on or in the skin. These cysts grow slowly and are not
tender unless ruptured. They usually occur on the face, inside the skull, on the lower
back, and in the ovaries. Form from embryonic cells. - ANSWERDermoid
Cyst/Teratomas
These develop on the surface of an ovary and might be filled with watery or a mucous
material. - ANSWERCystadenomas
These develop as a result of a condition in which uterine endometrial cells grow outside
your uterus ( endometriosis.). Some of the tissue can attach to your ovary and form a
growth. - ANSWEREndometriomas
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OB(GYN) ARDMS PRACTICE QUESTIONS

AND ACCURATE ANSWERS

Neural tube defects are_________times more likely to occur in diabetic mothers a. 7 b. 8 c. d. 10 - ANSWERd. 10 A monozygotic, monochorionic and monoamniotic pregnancy is also referred to as a. Fraternal Twins b. Ectopic Pregnancy c. Identical Twins d. Singleton pregnancy - ANSWERd. Singleton pregnancy Results from the fertilization of two separate eggs during the same pregnancy. May be of the same or different sexes. They share half of their genes just like any other siblings.

  • ANSWERFraternal Twins/Dizygotic Twins that result from fertilization of a single egg with a single sperm and then during the embryonic development, or during the cell splits, those massive eggs split into two individuals, which later develop into two offspring. Share all of their genes and are always of the same sex. - ANSWERIdentical/Monozygotic The tip of the iceberg sign usually refers to which mass? a. ovarian cancer b. cystadenoma c. dermoid cyst d. cystadenocarcinoma - ANSWERc. dermoid cyst A saclike growth that is present at birth. It contains structures such as hair, fluid, teeth, or skin glands that can be found on or in the skin. These cysts grow slowly and are not tender unless ruptured. They usually occur on the face, inside the skull, on the lower back, and in the ovaries. Form from embryonic cells. - ANSWERDermoid Cyst/Teratomas These develop on the surface of an ovary and might be filled with watery or a mucous material. - ANSWERCystadenomas These develop as a result of a condition in which uterine endometrial cells grow outside your uterus ( endometriosis.). Some of the tissue can attach to your ovary and form a growth. - ANSWEREndometriomas

The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio is used to determine a. Trisomy 21 b. amnionitis c. fetal lung maturity d. fetal cardiac malformations - ANSWERc. fetal lung maturity Days 14-28 of the endometrial cycle a. early proliferative phase b. late proliferative phase c. secretory phase d. menstrual phase - ANSWERc. secretory phase. Phase 1: The Follicular / Proliferative Phase - ANSWERDay 0-14 of the menstrual cycle. Main hormone= estrogen Purpose= to grow endometrial layer of the uterus. Ovulation - ANSWERalways occurs 14 days before menses: therefore, with an average 28 day cylce, ovulation occurs on day 14. At the end of the proliferative phase. Phase 2: The Luteal/Secretory Phase - ANSWERoccurs from day 14 - 28 of the cycle. Progesterone stimulated by LH is teh dominant hormone during this phase to prepare the corpus luteum and the endometrium for possible fertilized ovum implantation. What are the 4 Phases of the Menstrual Cycle? - ANSWERMenstruation Follicular / Proliferative Phase Ovulation Luteal / Secretory Phase At what gestational age can you begin to start measuring the BPD? a. 9 weeks b. 10 weeks c. 11 weeks d. 12 weeks - ANSWERd. 12 weeks The outer walls of the blastocyst are covered by a. mesoderm b. ectoderm c. decidua d. chorionic villi - ANSWERd. chorionic villi Which of the following is least likely to be true regarding cystic teratomas? a. 80% unilateral b. common in women over 40 c. they are aka dermoid cysts d. common in younger women - ANSWERb. common in women over 40

c. bloody amniotic fluid d. painless bright red blood - ANSWERd. painless bright red blood A midline abdominal wall defect where abdominal contents herniate in the base of the umbilical cord is a/an a. gastrochisis b. pentalogy of Cantrell c. omphalocele d. ectopia cordis - ANSWERc. omphalocele Pentalogy of Canatrell - ANSWERPENTA! a condition characterized by a combination of midline birth defects that can potentially involve the

  1. breastbone (sternum)
  2. The diaphragm, the muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen and aides in breathing.
  3. Pericardium, the thin membrane that lines the heart,
  4. the abdominal wall;
  5. and the heart. ectopia cordis - ANSWERthis condition can include deformities of the chest (thorax), abdomen, or both. Often Ectopia cordis is also accompanied by defects of the heart itself. The deformity can be seen on ultrasound by about the 10th or 11th week of pregnancy. A fetus that is >90th percentile for gestational age is a. full term b. large for gestational age c. macrosomic d. microsomic - ANSWERb. large for gestational age. The most common congenital facial anomaly is a. cleft lip/palate b. hypotelorism c. proboscis d. encephalocele - ANSWERa. cleft lip/palate fetal hydrocele - ANSWERThe following image shows Corpus callosum - ANSWER What is a marker for Trisomy 21? - ANSWERnasal bone What is the most common cause of the findings in the following image? - ANSWERimperforate hymen sonohysterogram, hysterosonogram, saline infusion sonogram - ANSWER

Myelomeningocele refers to a. lipoma of the spinal cord b. sacrococcygeal tumor c. protrusion of the meninges and nerve tissue d. protrusion of the meninges - ANSWERc. protrusion of the meninges and nerve tissue What is a nuchal cord? - ANSWERUmbilical cord around the fetal neck. Can occur during pregnancy, labor, or birth. Umbilical cord gives blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the fetus. The cisterna magna is considered enlarged at a. >5mm b. >6mm c. 10 mm d. >11mm - ANSWERd. >11mm While scanning for the BPD, you notice an empty fluid filled cranium, the midbrain and brainstem are preserved, this is most likely a. holoprosencephaly b. anencephaly c. hydranencephaly d. hydrocephalus - ANSWERc. hydranencephaly Measurement from the outer edge of the occipital bone to the outer edge of the cervical skin is called a. nuchal translucency b. nuchal cord c. nuchal fold d. biparietal diameter - ANSWERC. nuchal fold Causes of symmetric IntraUterine Growth Restriction a. chromosomal abnormalities b. congenital malformations c. maternal drug use d. congenital infections e. all of the above. - ANSWERe. all the above Asymmetric IUGR - ANSWERPlacental insufficiency Preeclampsia Vascular Disease Chronic Pulmonary disease Which ectopic site is considered the most dangerous? a. ovarian b. ampullary

b. sequestration c. CCAM d. Normal lung - ANSWERc. Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation Fetal breathing must last for how long to score a 2 on a biophysical profile a. 10 sec b. 20 sec c. 30 sec d. none of the above - ANSWERc. 30 sec What percentage of esophageal atresia has a tracheoesophageal fistula - ANSWERd. 90% An accessory placenta is also known as a. previa b. circumvallate c. succenturiate d. low lying - ANSWERc. succenturiate Which of the following is associated with holoprosencephaly? a. monoventricle b. fused thalami c. proboscis d. cyclopia e. all of the above - ANSWERe. all of the above The most common neural tube defect is a. spina bifida b. holoprosencephaly c. anencephaly d. A and C e. none of the above - ANSWERd. A and C Encephaloceles are most commonly located where? a. frontal region b. parietal region c. occipital region d. none of the above - ANSWERc. occipital region What is the red arrow pointing to a. intraventricular hemorrhage b. choroid plexus c. fornix d. thalamus - ANSWERb. choroid plexus What is the white arrow pointing to

a. 4th ventricle b. cavum septum pellucidum c. interhemispheric fissure d. frontal horn - ANSWERc. interhemispheric fissure What structure is highlighted in blue a. choroid plexus b. 3rd ventricle c. thalamus d. cavum septum pellucidum - ANSWERd. cavum septum pellucidum What is an optimal site for measuring biparietal diameter - ANSWERBiparietal diameter (BPD) is one of many measurements that are taken during ultrasound procedures in pregnancy. It is a measurement of the diameter of a developing baby's skull, from one parietal bone to the other. Biparietal diameter is used to estimate fetal weight and gestational age. Holoprosencephaly is most likely associated with a. trisomy 13 b. trisomy 18 c. trisomy 21 d. none of the above - ANSWERa. trisomy 13 This placenta is a. posterior b. anterior c. fundal d. previa - ANSWERa posterior The lemon and banana signs are associated with a. Down's syndrome b. microcephaly c. spina bifida d. macrocephaly - ANSWERc. spina bifida What is shown in this image a. normal transabdominal uterus b. adenomyosis c. adenomyomatosis d. subserosal fibroid - ANSWERb. adenomyosis What phase is the endometrium in a. early proliferative b. late proliferative c. secretory d. none of the above - ANSWERc. secretory

c. menstrual d. secretory - ANSWERd. secretory The most common cause of post menopausal bleeding a. endometrial cancer b. endometritis c. endometrioma d. endometrial hyperplasia - ANSWERd. endometrial hyperplasia Which of the following should not be seen in a postmenopausal patient? a. endometrial carcinoma b.endometrial hyperplasia c. corpus luteum cyst d. fibroids - ANSWERc. corpus luteum cyst A patient with a history of GI cancer presents with bilateral large adnexal masses, what kind of tumor will it most likely be? a. serous cystadenoma b. mucinous cystadenoma c. Krukenberg tumor d. cystic teratoma - ANSWERc. Krukenberg tumor The most common site for an adnexal mass a. fallopian tubes b. broad ligament c. paraovarian d. ovary - ANSWERd. ovary You scan a 20 yo sexually active woman, she has fever and a tubular fluid filled structure in the adnexa with hyperemia and low level internal echoes what pathology do you suspect a. hydrosalpinx b. paraovarian cyst c. corpus luteum d. pyosalpinx - ANSWERd. pyosalpinx A chocolate cyst is a a. dermoid b. endometrioma c. hemorrhagic cyst d. pyosalpinx - ANSWERb. endometrioma What is another name for Polycystic ovarian syndrome a. Stein-Leventhal Syndrome b. Patau Syndrome c. Meckel-Gruber Syndrome

d. Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome - ANSWERa. Stein-Leventhal Syndrome This finding is a result of dysgenesis of the a. Wolffian ducts b. Mullerian ducts c. Paramesonephric ducts d. both B and C - ANSWERd. both B and C You scan a woman that is 3 months pregnant by Last Menstrual period, on ultrasound you find an embryo measuring 8 weeks by US with no heartbeat and an abnormal yolksac, this likely represents a. wrong LMP b. normal 8 week embryo c. missed abortion d. none of the above - ANSWERd. none of the above An early embryo consisting of 16 cells in a solid ball contained within the zona pellucida a. bilaminar disc b. zygote c. morula d. blastocyst - ANSWERc. morula A heterotopic pregnancy is a. an ovarian ectopic b. subsequent ectopic and IUP c. fallopian ectopic d. abdominal ectopic - ANSWERb. subsequent ectopic and IUP Heterotopic pregnancy is defined as the presence of multiple gestations, with one being present in the uterine cavity and the other outside the uterus, commonly in the fallopian tube and uncommonly in the cervix or ovary. What are the three shunts of the fetal circulatory system? - ANSWERThis system has three shunts

  1. Foramen Ovale: Connects the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the lungs
  2. Ductus arteriosus: Connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the lungs
  3. Ductus Venosus: Connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver. The foramen ovale connects what two structures bypassing the lungs? - ANSWERconnects the right atrium to the left atrium The ductus arteriosus connects what two structures also bypassing the lungs? - ANSWERconnects the pulmonary artery to the aorta