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Marine Science Final Exam Questions
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*B. are associated with deep-sea canyons - Answer - Deep-Sea fans... A. form along mid-ocean rises and ridges B. are associated with deep-sea canyons C. are formed by river sediment deposits D. are resuspended during severe storms *C. volcanic activity - Answer - Which of the following is NOT considered to be evidence for continental drift? A. matching sizes and shapes of coastlines B. Seafloor age C. volcanic activity D. similarities in the fossil record *A. 3% - Answer - The amount of water that exists as freshwater as a percentage of the total amount of water on the earth is approximately: A. 3% B. 18% C. 10% D. 31% E. 70% *D. 3,800 - Answer - The average depth of the World's oceans is ______ meters. A. 40,000 B. 2,872 C. 12,300 D. 3,800 E. 3, *B. passive, active - Answer - ______margins coincide with the trailing edge of plates, but _______ boundaries do not A. tectonic, static B. passive, active C. active, passive D. tectonic, active E. stationary, active *B. guyots - Answer - Submerged, flat-topped seamounts are also known as ______. A. abyssal hills B. guyots C. rifts D. relict reefs E. hydrotherms *D. a and b - Answer - Plate boundaries may be ...... A. divergent B. convergent C. transverse D. a and b E. a,b, and c *C. isostasy - Answer - The theoretical balance in buoyancy of all parts of the Earth's crust is known as _____. A. isotony B. compensation C. isostasy D. plate flotation E. static equilibrium
*E. Alfred Wegener - Answer - The concept of continental drift is attributed to_____. A. Charles Darwin B. Ptolemy C. James Cook D. Aristotle E. Alfred Wegener *B. convergent - Answer - Deep-ocean trenches form along __________________ boundaries. A. divergent B. convergent C. transform D. a and b E. a, b, and c *E. mantle, basalt - Answer - In terms of density, _______ has a higher mass per unit volume than _________ A. water, crust B. basalt, mantle C. granite, mantle D. granite, basalt E. mantle, basalt *C. seamounts - Answer - Steep-sided volcanoes, sometimes reaching the sea surface to form islands are ____________. A. table mounts B. guyouts C. seamounts D. hot-spots E. Abyssal hills *B. passive - Answer - The east coast of the United States is a good example of a(n) _________ margin. A. active B. passive C. prograding D. retrograding E. trench *C. plate movement - Answer - Mantle convection cells within the asthenosphere are used to explain.... A. vertical migration B. island arcs C. plate movement D. seamounts E. isostasy *D. trenches - Answer - Subduction zones are associated with _____ A. uplift B. mid-ocean ridges C. passive margins D. trenches E. divergence *C. range from 0 - 180 degrees - Answer - Lines of longitude are.... A. parallel B. oriented east-west C. range from 0 - 180 degrees D. A,B,&C *D. asthenosphere - Answer - Lithospheric plates "float" on the... A. geotherm B. continents C. basalt layer D. asthenosphere E. granitic plate *B. 0 deg latitude - Answer - The equator is located at.... A. 0 deg longitude B. 0 deg latitude C. along the prime meridian D. Greenwich *B. space - Answer - Cosmogenous sediments are derived from... A. rocks B. space C. organic material D. water E. compounds dissolved in water *A. flat abyssal plains - Answer - Most of the Earth's surface is occupied by ....
*B. Evaporites - Answer - Which of the following are hydrogenous sediments? A. quartz sand B. evaporites C. siliceous oozes D. tektites *B. deep ocean floor - Answer - More than 75% of the total ocean floor is considered: A. continental shelf B. deep ocean floor C. continental slope D. continental rise *C. biogenous sediments - Answer - Over millions of years, natural gas and oil can be formed from: A. erosion B. volcanic ash C. biogenous sediments D. terrigenous sediments *D. the ocean coast was in West Columbia during times of higher sea-level - Answer - Sand dunes in northeast and west Columbia are an indication that: A. sand was transported to the area by prehistoric hurricanes B. extremely high tides used to wash sand to columbia C. sea-level used to be lower then it is today D. the ocean was in West COlumbia during times of higher sea-level *C. convection cells in the upper mantle - Answer - The force driving the lithospheric plates is believed to be __________. A. Magnetism B. the pull of the sun and the moon C. convection cells in the upper mantle D. Deep water currents pulling on the ocean basins *B. 3.98 - Answer - Pure water reaches a maximum density (g/cm3) at ___ ̊ C. A. 0. B. 3. C. - 3. D. 1. E. 10. B. equator, poles - Answer - On Earth, heat flows from the _________ to the_____________. A. poles, equator B. equator, poles C. latitude, longitude D. longitude, latitude
B. Capricorn - Answer - The Tropic of ____________ is positioned at a latitude of 23. south of the equator. A. Cancer B. Capricorn C. Solar Declination D. Solstice E. Equinox D. 90 degrees to the right of the wind direction - Answer - In an Eckman Spiral, the direction of NET water movement is ________. A. 45 degrees to the right of the wind direction B. horizontal and always to the north C. parallel to the wind direction D. 90 degrees to the right of the wind direction B. clockwise, counterclockwise - Answer - Ocean gyres rotate ______ in the northern hemisphere and _____ in the southern hemisphere. A. cyclonic, anticyclonic B. clockwise, counterclockwise C. up, down D. east,west *B. oxygen atoms of another water molecule - Answer - The hydrogen atoms in a water molecule tend to bond to: A. each other B. oxygen atoms of another water molecule C. hydrogen atoms of another water molecule *A. 35 - Answer - The average salinity of the world ocean is about ____ ppt. A. 35 B. 21. C. 3. D. 52 *A. the total amount of dissolved solids in ocean water - Answer - The term "salinity" refers to: A. the total amount of dissolved solids in the ocean water B. The total amount of sodium chloride dissolved in ocean water C. the total amount of chlorine in on kilogram of water *D. sodium and chloride - Answer - The two most abundant elements (ions) dissolved in seawater are: A. fluorine and iodine B. gold and silver C. bromine and boron D. sodium and chloride *B. A pH of 3 is alkaline, a pH of 10 is acid - Answer - Which of the following statements about pH is NOT true?
**E. period - Answer - The time for one full wave (crest to crest) to pass a fixed point is the wave _______. A. speed B. length C. height D. orbital E. period **D. internal - Answer - _____ waves travel along pycnoclines in the open ocean and behave like shallow water waves. A. capillary B. acoustic C. topographic D. internal E. tsunami **A. the wavelength - Answer - he distance measured from crest to crest of a wave is: A. the wavelength B. the wave height C. the wave period D. the orbit **D. all of these - Answer - The ultimate height of a wind wave will depend on: A. the fetch B. the length of time the wind blows C. the speed of the wind D. all of these **D. a single massive wave that develops in the open ocean - Answer - Rogue waves are best described as: A. the highest waves of a tsunami B. breaking internal wave C. strong rocking motion within a harbor D. a single massive wave that develops in the open ocean **D. coastal or submarine earthquakes - Answer - Tsunami or seismic sea waves are generated by _______. A. storms at sea B. tidal currents in the open sea C. breaking internal waves D. coastal or submarine earthquakes **B. moon - Answer - Which celestial body has the greatest influence on ocean tides? A. Sun B. Moon C. Jupiter D. Venus **D. semidiurnal - Answer - A tide pattern of two highs and two lows each day describes a: A. diurnal tide B. mixed tide C. solar tide D. semidiurnal tide **B. spring tides - Answer - The type of tides associated with the full and new moons are: A. neap tides B. spring tides C. diurnal tides D. tidal currents **A. wave action - Answer - The single most influential agent changing the shore and coast is: A. wave action B. the tidal range C. alternate freezing and thawing of coastal cliffs D. prevailing winds **A. to smooth and straighten a coast - Answer - A long-term effect of wave refraction is: A. to smooth and straighten a coast B. to build out points of land C. to erode and deepen bays D. to remove sand from the beach
**B. the rotation of the moon around the earth; the rotation of the earth around the sun - Answer - Daily tidal cycles are caused by _____, while monthly tidal cycles are caused by ______. A. the earth's rotation around the sun; the moon B. the rotation of the moon around the earth; the rotation of the earth around the sun C. the rotation of the moon on it's axis; the rotation of the earth around the sun D. the rotation of the earth; the rotation of the moon around the earth **B. eutrophication - Answer - ______ is a term that describes an overall decline in water quality due to increased inputs of nutrients. A. pollution B. eutrophication C. hypoxia D. degradation E. allotrophy **B. osmosis - Answer - The movement of particles across a membrane from a region of higher to lower concentration is _______. A. diffusion B. osmosis C. isotony D. osmotic pressure E. osmotic force **C. Non-point sources are the easiest to control - Answer - Which of the following statements is incorrect? A. Pollution inputs can come from point sources B. Pollution inputs can come from non-point sources C. Non-point sources are the easiest to control D. Non-point sources are the most difficult to control **A. tectonic - Answer - San Francisco Bay is an example of a ______________ estuary. A. tectonic B. fjord C. bar-built D. coastal plain E. eustatic **C. depth of light penetration - Answer - The bottom of the euphotic zone of the ocean is defined by the ________. A. isocline B. thermocline C. depth of light penetration D. pycnocline E. oxycline **A. estuary - Answer - A partially-enclosed body of coastal water where salty ocean water is diluted by water from land runoff is a(n)_______. A. estuary B. lagoon C. tombolo D. hypersaline lagoon E. river **C. 10% - Answer - For natural ecosystems, the average energy transfer efficiency from one trophic level to another is _____. A. 1% B. 5% C. 10% D. 50% E. 36.3% **B. herbivores - Answer - Zooplankton that feed exclusively on phytoplankton are classified as ______. A. carnivores B. herbivores C. omnivores D. predators E. bactivores **B. tombolo - Answer - A(n) ____ is a bridge of sediment that connects sea islands. A. inlet B. tombolo C. estuary E. delta **D. all of the above - Answer - Estuaries are important because they ________.
A. primary consumers B. primary producers C. chemotrophs D. heterotrophs **B. the euphoric zone - Answer - The zone of lighted ocean where marine phytoplankton are able to grow is called: A. the disphotic zone B. the euphotic zone C. the aphotic zone D. the mesopelagic zone **B. oxygen - Answer - The requirements for photosynthesis include all of these EXCEPT: A. light B. oxygen C. nutrients D. pigments (chlorophyll) **D. Animalia - Answer - Each of the following is a Domain EXCEPT: A. Archaea B. Bacteria C. Eukarya D. Animalia **B. food web - Answer - A ____ is a group of organisms linked by complex feeding relations. A. species B. food web C. trophic pyramid D. population **B. copepod - Answer - An example of a primary consumer is: A. fish B. copepod C. diatom D. crab **C. natural selection - Answer - The mechanism of evolution discovered by Charles Darwin is: A. taxonomy B. descent without modification C. natural selection D. classification E. genetics **True - Answer - Primary production measures the grams of carbon bound into organic material per m2 of ocean surface area per year. True or False **True - Answer - A human is an example of a top consumer. True or False **True - Answer - The aphotic zone is region of the ocean where there is not enough light for photosynthesis and vision. True or False **False - Answer - Life is categorized into two domains: Bacteria and Eukarya. True or False **True - Answer - The scientific name of an organism includes the genus and species name. True or False **False - Answer - Ocean primary production is about 50 tons of carbon per year. True or False **C. benthos - Answer - Organisms (plant and animal) that inhabit the seafloor or substrates in the intertidal zone are part of the .... A. plankton B. nekton
C. benthos D. bathos E. bathyfauna A. on - Answer - Epifauna live _______ the sediment surface A. on B. in C. beneath D. buried below E. deep below B. food web - Answer - The Microbial Loop is a type of ______ A. bacterial appendage B. food web C. round structure formed by cyanobacteria D. benthic feeding A. coral reefs - Answer - ______ have the highest species diversity in the marine environment A. coral reefs B. intertidal zones C. the deep sea D. benthic substrates E. plankton D. 200 - Answer - The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), as mandated by the Law of the Sea Treaty, extends _____ nautical miles from the coastline. A. 10 B. 50 C. 100 D. 200 E. 15 B. decreased - Answer - In the last 50 years, the Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) for world fisheries has _____. A. increased B. decreased C. remained constant D. not been calculated E. tripled D. China - Answer - _____ has the highest contribution of aquaculture to total world aquatic production. A. United States B. Japan C. India
E. nitrate C. Alaska - Answer - At present, most of the US fish catch (58%) comes from _____. A. California B. the Gulf of Mexico C. Alaska D. Hawaii E. China D. A, B, and C - Answer - Population regulation (i.e., population size) depends on the survival rates of _____. A. eggs B. larvae C. juveniles D. A, B, and C B. baleen, toothed - Answer - The two major groups of cetaceans are the ______ and ______ whales. A. big, small B. baleen, toothed C. dolphins and killer D. diving, non-diving E. fin, right A. endotherms - Answer - Warm-blooded animals are _______. A. endotherms B. ectotherms C. endoderms D. ectoderms B. south, north - Answer - Penguins are found at the _______ pole and Polar Bears live near the _______ pole. A. north, south B. south, north C. north, north D. south, south A. cnidoblasts - Answer - Specialized stinging structures that are unique to the cnidarians (jellyfish, anemones, etc.) are.... A. cnidoblasts B. spear cells C. spear capsules D. avicularia E. barbs
E. baleen - Answer - The keratin structures that whales use to strain water for food are ______. A. setae B. gills C. mesh cells D. balers E. baleen D. seawater temperatures - Answer - Coral reefs occur at latitudes between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn because of _____. A. light restrictions B. availability of hard substrates C. plate tectonics D. seawater temperatures E. continental pollution B. 2 - Answer - A fish heart consists of ____ chamber(s). A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 B. myoglobin - Answer - Many marine mammals have ____ which allows them to more efficiently use oxygen. A. betaglobin B. myoglobin C. alphaglobin D. hobglobin D.obtaining oxygen/operculum - Answer - Fish gills are used for ____ and are protected by a structure called _______. A. reproduction/pelvic fin B. reproduction/lateral line C. obtaining oxygen/lateral line D. obtaining oxygen/operculum A. the fringing reef - Answer - According to Darwin, the first stage in the cycle of reef formation is _____. A. the fringing reef B. the atoll C. the algal rim D. the barrier reef False - Answer - Ahermatypic corals are corals that build reefs in tropical areas. True or False?
B. Prochlorococcus C. Protococcus D. diatoms E. dinoflagellates D. eukaryote - Answer - Micromonas sp. is the smallest known _____. A. prokaryote B. cyanobacteria C. marine mammal D. eukaryote E. bacterium B. 2 - Answer - Dinoflagellates have _____ flagella. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. no C. dinoflagellates - Answer - Bioluminescence is a common feature of _____. A. cyanobacteria B. diatoms C. dinoflagellates D. nanoflagellates E. corals A. primary productivity - Answer - The light/bottle dark bottle, 14C incubation, and PAM fluorometry are common methods for measuring _____. A. primary productivity B. respiration C. trophic transfer D. irradiance (light) E. salinity D. holoplankton - Answer - Animals that spend their entire life cycle in the plankton are _____. A. meroplankton B. microplankton C. nekton D. holoplankton E. planktotrophic A. bottom up - Answer - Nekton productivity and fisheries yield are primarily regulated by _____ processes. A. bottom up B. top down
C. meteorological D. planktonic E. benthic B. 2 - Answer - Approximately _____% of surface net primary production reaches the deep sea benthos. A. 0 B. 2 C. 40 D. 70 E. 90 C. sediment traps - Answer - Sinking particulate organic matter (POM) is collected using _____. A. plankton nets B. seines C. sediment traps D. bottles E. trawls A. chemosynthesis - Answer - The source of energy for hydrothermal vent communities is _____. A. chemosynthesis B. photosynthesis C. thermal energy D. carbonate E. methane C. 100,000,000 - Answer - The deep sea may harbor as many as ______ species. A. 10, B. 1,000, C. 100,000, D. 20, E. 30, A. demersal - Answer - Nekton that are associated with bottom habitats are _____. A. demersal B. pelagic C. ichthyofauna D. large E. small A. male, female - Answer - Protandrous hermaphrodites are _____ first then transform into ____ later in life. A. male, female B. female, male
