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ODM 830 Hypertension Test
With Solution
Systolic pressure rise throughout life, but diastolic pressure levels off or falls after the age of ____. - ANSWER 50
Hypertension is the ____ most common primary diagnosis in the USA - ANSWER 2nd
More than ______ Americans have High blood Pressure - ANSWER 77million
About ____% of people over age 65 have HTN - ANSWER 50%
(prevelance increases with age)
The higher the BP, the greater the risk of these 4 diseases: - ANSWER 1. Stroke
- MI
- Heart Failure
- Kidney Disease
Sounds produced by turbulent blood flow are known as ________. - ANSWER Korotkoff sounds
The 1st sound heard "lub" is the systolic pressure, what does this indicate?
- ANSWER the peak of ventricular contraction
The 2nd sound heard "dub" is diastolic pressure which indicates what? - ANSWER the ventricle filling
The difference between diastolic and systolic is pulse pressure, so what is mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - ANSWER the sum of the diastolic pressure
- 1/3 of the pulse pressure
In a typical dental practice, what % can you expect to have hypertension? - ANSWER 25%
What is the most recent cause in the increase in hypertension? - ANSWER being fat and aging
-_ % of HTN is called Primary/Essential HTN. The cause is unknown - ANSWER 90-95%
The most common cause of secondary hypertension is
__________. - ANSWER renal parenchymal disease
An increase in what 4 things are the main causes of hypertension? - ANSWER
- Increase in* resistance*
- Increase in viscosity
- Increase in blood volume
- Increase in cardiac output
The Liver is affected by high blood pressure. (T or F) - ANSWER FALSE
(Diastolic -or- systolic) BP is a more potent cardiovascular risk factor than (diastolic/systolic) until the age of 50? - ANSWER Diastolic BP is a more potent cardiovascular risk factor than systolic until the age of 50?
- After 50 yrs old → systolic is more important.
For individuals ages 40-70yrs:
effective, how do diuretics reduce blood pressure? - ANSWER by increasing the excretion of sodium
Stage 2 Hypertension patients 18 years or older, with chronic kidney disease should be an a regimen of what combination of drugs? - ANSWER • ACE inhibitor or ARB (angiotensin receptor blockers)
-and-
ACE INHIBITORS cause:
- _________ by preventing the breakdown of bradykinin and _________
- blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
- prevents fluid retention by decreasing __________secretion. - ANSWER - Vasodilation
-Substance P
-Aldosterone
Nifedipine (Procardia) is a common ______ blocker. - ANSWER calcium channel blocker
(most Ca channel blockers (except for 3) end in ipine)
Candesartan is a type of _______ blocker. - ANSWER angiotensin receptor blocker (ARBs)
(usu ends in artan)
_________ blockers work by reducing blood pressure by blocking alpha I receptors resulting in peripheral vascular dilation and decreases peripheral resistance - ANSWER Alpha-adrenergic
Examples are: Doxazonsin, Prazosin, & Terazosin
(ends in sin)
___ % of patients with hypertension and taking meds are poorly controlled.
(T/F) : The use of 2 carpules of 2% Lidocaine with 1:100,000 epi is OK in most patients with hypertension. - ANSWER True
Some antihypertensive drugs can predispose the patient to orthostatic hypertension which can potentiate the actions of _____ and _____ drugs - ANSWER - anxiolytic
-sedative
Is it ok to use Anxiolytics and sedatives in hypertensive patients? - ANSWER yes. but the usual dosage may need to be reduced
Is use of NSAIDS an issue with patients on anti-hypertensives? - ANSWER only if the use is PROLONGED. Prolonged NSAID use can decrease the efficacy of the antihypertensives. The use of NSAIDS for a few says is of little concern.
Gingival overgrowth common in patients taking _________. - ANSWER calcium channel blockers
(IPINE)
Diuretics can often cause what 2 oral manifestations? - ANSWER • dry mouth
Beta blockers can cause ________ and lichenoid reactions. - ANSWER taste changes
Angiotensin receptors blockers (ARBs) can cause _______ of the lips, face, tongue. - ANSWER angiodema
_______ blockers cause both dry mouth & taste changes. - ANSWER Alpha-1
_________ cause angioedema of the lips, face, tongue & taste changes. - ANSWER ACE inhibitors
Combined alpha-beta blockers, like Carvedilol, can cause what type of oral manifestation? - ANSWER taste changes
Antibiotic Clarithromycin prescribed for patients already taking antihypertensive calcium channel blockers is associated with increases in hospitalization for acute kidney injury, _________, and death. - ANSWER hypotension
Avoid prolonged use of _____ while on anti-hypertensive meds, as they may
