Download Thyroid Disorders: Comprehensive Overview of Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
ODM 830 Thyroid Test
With Solution
Thyroid disorders are 5-8x more common in ... - ANSWER women undiagnosed or inadequately managed hypothyroidism in pregnant women increases the risk of ... - ANSWER miscarriage premature birth severe developmental problems why do you examine the neck of your patients - ANSWER to check for goiter (enlargement of thyroid gland) 3 hormones secreted by thyroid gland - ANSWER triiodothyroine T thyroxine T calcitonin what does calcitonin do - ANSWER controls serum calcium and phosphorus _____ must be available for the synthesis of T3 and T4 - ANSWER iodine hypothalamus secretes _____ to the anterior pituitary gland - ANSWER thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) the anterior pituitary gland secretes _____ to the thyroid gland - ANSWER thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) the thyroid secretes T3 and T4 which leads to .... - ANSWER increased
metabolism growth and development increased catecholamine effect thyroid function: thyroid increases _____ - ANSWER basal metabolic rate thyroid function: depending on the metabolic status the thyroid can induce _____ or _____ - ANSWER lipolysis or lipid synthesis thyroid function: thyroid stimulates the metabolism of _____ - ANSWER carbohydrates thyroid function: anabolism of _____ - ANSWER proteins thyroid function: thyroid hormones can also induce _____ in high doses - ANSWER catabolism of proteins thyroid function: permissive effects of _____ - ANSWER catecholamines thyroid function: in children, thyroid hormones act synergistically with _____ to stimulate _____ - ANSWER with growth hormones to stimulate bone growth thyroid function:
growth failure
signs of hypothyroidism - slowing of metabolic processes - ANSWER slow movement slow speech delayed relaxation of tendon reflexes bradycardia carotenemia
symptoms of hypothyroidism - accumulation of matrix substances - ANSWER dry skin hoarseness edema
signs of hypothyroidism - accumulation of matrix substances - ANSWER coarse skin puffy face loss of eye brows periorbital edema enlargement of tongue
other hypothyroid symptoms - ANSWER decreased hearing myalgia & paresthesia depression menorrhagia arthralgia pubertal delay
other hypothyroid signs - ANSWER diastolic hypertension pleural/pericardial effusions ascites galactorrhea
thyroid hormone is regulated by the - ANSWER hypothalamic-pituitary axis
abnormalities in anterior pituitary gland or the thyroid gland - ANSWER euthyroid hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) hypothyroidism
euthyroid - ANSWER normal thyroid hormone levels
60-150nml/L
normal T3 levels - ANSWER 70-190 nmol/dl
normal TBG - ANSWER 12-30 mg/L
normal TSH - ANSWER 0.5-5 mIU/L
thyroid tests - ANSWER radioiodine uptake thyroid scan thyroid ultrasound
radioiodine uptake - ANSWER 10-30% for 24 hours
iodine test
hyperthryoid vs hypothyroid - ANSWER hyper = take up too much iodine
hypo = take up too little iodine
causes of hypothyroidism - ANSWER hashimotos thyroiditis (chronic autoimmune thyroiditis)
surgical removal of gland
radioactive iodine thyroid gland ablation
external irradiation
drug induced
pituitary and hypothalamic disease
drugs that induce hypothyroidism - ANSWER lithium sulfonamides
what you see in hypothyroid patients ... - ANSWER delayed growth dull expression dry,rough yellow skin dry coarse hair
most severe form of hypothyroidism - ANSWER myxedema
myxedema - ANSWER non pitting edema caused by accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in skin
brittle hair, fatigue, weight gain
myxedema coma is _____ and _____ - ANSWER rare and life threatening
myxedema is caused by ... - ANSWER overwhelmed homeostatic mechanism (infection, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, surgery, medications)
myxedema leads to .... - ANSWER mental deterioration (confusion, psychosis, apathy) hypothermia (less than 35.5C) diastolic hypertension followed by hypotension (bradycardia, low CO) hypoventilation coma
cretinism = - ANSWER thyroid deficiency in utero
cretinism causes - ANSWER abnormalities in intellectual and physical development
medicines used to treat hypothyroidism - ANSWER synthroid (levothyroxine)
armour thyroid
hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) = excessive thyroid hormone that causes - ANSWER acceleration of metabolic processes
causes of hyperthyroidism - ANSWER autoimmune adenoma multinodular goiter subacute thyroiditis iodine induced hyperthyroidism excessive TSH
hyperthyroid cardiovascular effects - ANSWER palpitation
infiltrative dermopathy (graves disease) excessive sweating
other changes with hyper - ANSWER osteoporosis
decreased appetite and weight loss
increased risk for diabetes and thrombocytopenia
heat intolerance
exophthalmia
most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism - ANSWER graves disease
graves disease - ANSWER autoimmune disorder with a toxic diffuse goiter
main symptom of graves disease - ANSWER exophthalmos (protrusion of the eye, proptosis, and restriction of eye movement)
treatment of hyperthyroidism - ANSWER methimazole propythiouracil thyroidectomy radioactive iodine beta blockers
methimazole - ANSWER inhibits thyroid peroxidase and synthesis of thyroid hormone
when is propylthiouracil used - ANSWER when other treatments fail due to liver hepatotoxicity
severe adverse effects of hyperthyroid meds - ANSWER agranulocytosis thrombocytopenia hepatotoxicity leukopenia decreased sense of taste
oral manifestations with hypothyroid - ANSWER gingival enlargement hypercholesterolemia
ANSWER inform patient avoid surgery infection could precipitate crisis avoid (limit) epinephrine monitor vital signs
recommended guidelines for CONTROLLED hyperthyroid patients - ANSWER treat as normal treat infections early monitor vital signs
uncontrolled hyperthyroid patients are at risk of a - ANSWER thyrotoxic crisis
thyrotoxic crises are triggered by - ANSWER stress or injury
uncontrolled hyperthyroid caution with: - ANSWER resp and cardiovascular depression
epinephrine and catecholamines
uncontrolled hyperthyroid avoid: - ANSWER surgery trauma infection epinephrine
thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm) = - ANSWER life threatening
onset for thyroid storm - ANSWER sudden
symptoms of thyroid storm - ANSWER fever sweating excitability tachycardia nausea vomiting pulmonary edema shock (hypotension)
thyroid storm puts you at risk for ... - ANSWER lethal arrhythmias
most thyroid cancers present as .. - ANSWER enlarging thyroid nodules/masses
what may be present to indicate thyroid cancer - ANSWER change in vocal cord function enlarged cervical lymph nodes
thyroid cancer treatment - ANSWER surgery radioactive iodine I-
thyroid disease can present as ... - ANSWER hypofunction hyperfunction tumor (benign or malignant)
severe adverse outcomes of thyroid disease - ANSWER thyrotoxic crisis myxedema
