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Okami Study Guide: Chapter 1 - Psychology Basics and Research Methods, Summaries of Psychology

Hogeschool West-Vlaanderen (TU)Psychology

This study guide covers the basics of psychology and research methods, including the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior, differences between psychiatrists and psychologists, the biobehavioral perspective, and research methods such as experimental, correlational, survey, and case study. It also discusses ethical considerations in academic research.

Typology: Summaries

2021/2022

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Okami Study Guide: Chapter 1
1
Chapter Test
1. This term refers to the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior.
a. psychological science
b. psychiatry
c. physiology
d. philosophical science
Answer: A difficulty: 1 Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology
2. The main difference between psychiatrists and psychologists is that psychiatrists are
a. biology majors
b. college professors
c. medical doctors
d. behaviorists
Answer: C difficulty: 1 Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology
3. Psychologists who use psychological principles and methods to address problems of
the individual, society, or industry are known as
a. social psychologists
b. academic psychologists
c. counseling psychologists
d. applied psychologists
Answer: D difficulty: 2 Goal 4: Application of Psychology
4. Psychologists who conduct research in university settings and also teach classes are
a. applied psychologists
b. academic psychologists
c. counseling psychologists
d. social psychologists
Answer: B difficulty: 2 Goal 4: Application of Psychology
5. John Locke is most associated with this philosophical school of thought.
a. empiricism
b. rationalism
c. isolationism
d. colonialism
Answer: A difficulty: 1 Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology
6. Rene Descartes is most associated with this notion that the mind and the body are
made of different material.
a. empiricism
b. colonialism
c. dualism
d. epistemology
Answer: C difficulty: 1 Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology
7. Behaviorists were concerned with studying
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Chapter Test

  1. This term refers to the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior. a. psychological science b. psychiatry c. physiology d. philosophical science Answer: A difficulty: 1 Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology
  2. The main difference between psychiatrists and psychologists is that psychiatrists are a. biology majors b. college professors c. medical doctors d. behaviorists Answer: C difficulty: 1 Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology
  3. Psychologists who use psychological principles and methods to address problems of the individual, society, or industry are known as a. social psychologists b. academic psychologists c. counseling psychologists d. applied psychologists Answer: D difficulty: 2 Goal 4: Application of Psychology
  4. Psychologists who conduct research in university settings and also teach classes are a. applied psychologists b. academic psychologists c. counseling psychologists d. social psychologists Answer: B difficulty: 2 Goal 4: Application of Psychology
  5. John Locke is most associated with this philosophical school of thought. a. empiricism b. rationalism c. isolationism d. colonialism Answer: A difficulty: 1 Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology
  6. Rene Descartes is most associated with this notion that the mind and the body are made of different material. a. empiricism b. colonialism c. dualism d. epistemology Answer: C difficulty: 1 Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology
  7. Behaviorists were concerned with studying

a. the mind b. observable behavior c. social influences d. positive affect Answer: B difficulty: 1 Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology

  1. _____________ focused on the contents of consciousness while _____________ focused on unconscious drives and motives a. Structuralism; psychoanalysis b. Structuralism; functionalism c. Functionalism; structuralism d. Psychoanalysis; structuralism Answer: B difficulty: 2 Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology
  2. Which of the following best describes the biobehavioral perspective? a. an approach to psychological science focused on unconscious motivation b. an approach to psychological science focused on genetic abnormalities c. an approach to psychological science focused on biological causes for behavior d. an approach to psychological science focused on mental activity Answer: C difficulty: 2 Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology
  3. Jane has decided to learn about the five-step, empirical process of knowing in science. She is studying a. the scientific method b. the allegorical method c. the rational method d. the hypothesis method Answer: A difficulty: 1 Goal 2: Research Methods in Psychology
  4. Which of the following is NOT one of the four goals of science? a. to predict what will occur under defined conditions b. to describe the nature of something c. to explain the cause of something d. to discriminate against inferior explanations of something Answer: D difficulty: 2 Goal 3: Critical Thinking Skills in Psychology
  5. When a discipline relies on bold statements, anecdotes, and testimonials—and reverses the burden of proof from itself to others—it is known as a. pseudoscience b. rationalism c. hedoscience d. psychological science Answer: A difficulty: 2 Goal 3: Critical Thinking Skills in Psychology
  6. Psychologists face difficulties in deciding on _____________ or specific procedures to measure abstract concepts like love and aggression.

c. internal consistency d. external consistency Answer: B difficulty: 2 Goal 2: Research Methods in Psychology

  1. These statistical procedures allow for the examination of chance factors in a study. a. inferential statistics b. descriptive statistics c. mediational statistics d. correlational statistics Answer: A difficulty: 2 Goal 2: Research Methods in Psychology
  2. What does it mean if your results are statistically significant? a. The probability of obtaining your results due to chance alone is large. b. The probability of obtaining your results due to chance alone is very small. c. The probability of obtaining your results is known to be false. d. The probability of obtaining your results due to chance is greater than .05. Answer: B difficulty: 3 Goal 2: Research Methods in Psychology
  3. The set of orderly rules for correct behavior is known as a. ethics b. morality c. the law d. efficacy Answer: A difficulty 1: Goal 5: Values in Psychology
  4. People sometimes take credit for others’ ideas without being aware of doing so, but this is still considered a. science b. cronyism c. plagiarism d. nepotism Answer: C difficulty: 2 Goal 5: Values in Psychology
  5. Stanley Milgram’s studies were controversial because he hid the true nature of the experiment from his participants. This is known as a. deception b. relegation c. discrimination d. obedience Answer: A difficulty: 2 Goal 5: Values in Psychology
  6. Psychologists are required to obtain this from participants, ensuring that the participants are aware of any risks and benefits of the study. a. rationalization b. informed consent c. stamped approval

d. trait ratings Answer: B difficulty: 2 Goal 5: Values in Psychology

  1. Academic research using human participants must be reviewed by a university committee known as the ____________ to avoid ethics violations. a. International Ethics Guild (IEG) b. Scientific Planning Committee (SPC) c. Institutional Review Board (IRB) d. American Psychological Association (APA) Answer: C difficulty: 2 Goal 5: Values in Psychology