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ONESTREAM CERTIFIED ASSOCIATE OCA
IMPLEMENTATION FOUNDATION EXAM 2026
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
◉ The standard deviation measures the ______________ in a dataset. Answer: Variation of data ◉ When the mean of a normal distribution is 10 and its standard deviation is two, ninety-five percent of the data points within the distribution will fall between plus and minus ______________ standard deviations from the mean. Answer: two ◉ A Six-Sigma designed process will produce no more than _______ defects per million outcomes. Answer: 3. ◉ A Six-Sigma designed process will produce no more than _______ defects per million outcomes. Answer: Mann Whitney ◉ An X-bar chart for larger sample sizes, N>25, uses the ____________ to determine the UCL and LCL. Answer: Standard Error of Mean ◉ An S-Chart is used to monitor process ___________ when the size of the sample, N, is greater than 12. Answer: Variation
◉ Six-Sigma Tools used in the problem finding phase? Answer: - Histogram
- Pareto Diagram
- Fish bone Diagram ◉ Define Distribution of Sample Means Answer: The distribution that describes the way in which sample means of a certain size are distributed about the population mean ◉ Which of the following p-values, associated with the coefficient of an independent variable in a multiple regression model suggests significance of that variable at the 0.05 level? Answer: 0. ◉ Upper and Lower Control Limits for large samples are commonly set at plus or minus _________standard Errors of the Mean from the center line or target of the process control chart. Answer: Three ◉ Which of the following Six-Sigma tools is most useful when identifying outputs and inputs. Answer: SIPOC Diagram ◉ Which of the following charts are used in the design of a control process where small samples, N<12, will be taken and the results plotted on a control chart? Answer: x-bar and R-chart
◉ Lean focuses on? Answer: Efficiency (minimizing waste and delays) ◉ Six Sigma Focuses on? Answer: Quality / consistency ◉ Define 6 Sigma Answer: A highly disciplined process that focuses on developing and delivering near-perfect products and services ◉ T or F Designing efficient processes often takes less time than designing inefficient ones. Answer: False ◉ T or F About 75 percent of Fortune 500 companies utilize the concepts of Six-Sigma. Answer: True ◉ T or F The objective of Six Sigma is to deliver near-perfect products and services. Answer: True ◉ T or F Customer value must be defined from the customer's perspective. Answer: True
◉ T or F Organizational culture defines the environment within which Lean Six Sigma initiatives can succeed or fail. Answer: True ◉ T or F Customer-focused cultures are actually more common than one would expect. Answer: False ◉ Customer Value is represented by what? Answer: - Price
- Quality
- Serivece ◉ Delivering customer value begins with _______________. Answer: Company Culture ◉ T or F To meet quality objectives, Six Sigma sets targets and measures process outcomes against there targets. Answer: True ◉ T or F Carefully designed processes should not deviate at all from a target. Answer: False
◉ T or F The more layers there are in a management structure, the more likely it will be for an organization to succeed in developing a lean processes. Answer: False ◉ Define a process Answer: A system that transforms inputs into outputs ◉ Y = f(x) Answer: Y represents the process output x represents the the process input ◉ VOC Answer: Voice of the customer ◉ CTQ Answer: Critical to Quality ◉ VOP Answer: Voice of the process ◉ What are the Lean Six Sigma three Fundamental challenges Answer: 1. Delays, defects, waste and errors
- Output Variation
- Monitoring and Control
◉ Define Kaizen Answer: Japanese word suggesting continuous improvement ◉ Continuous improvement focuses on... Answer: small changes to established processes. ◉ The Five Steps (5S) Answer: 1. Sort
- Set in Order
- Shine
- Standardize
- Sustain ◉ Define Cycle Time Answer: Represents the total time it takes to process a person, order, part or assembly from the beginning of a process until it is completed ◉ To justify the approval of a project, a plan must be established that covers at least 4 important catergoies.... Answer: 1. Business Case
- Charter
- Metrics
- Financial Evaluation and Benefits ◉ T or F
◉ T or F The quality of the product or service delivered by a process is related to the voice of the customer. Answer: True ◉ Define Critical to Quality Answer: the specification of product or service capabilities or attributes that are necessary to meet customer expectations ◉ The quality of parts, assemblies and products is related to _________
. Answer: Critical to Quality ◉ T or F It is possible to design a process with no variation in output. Answer: False ◉ T or F The Voice of the Customer must be accommodated by the Voice of the Process. Answer: True ◉ 5S focuses primarily on _______________. Answer: increasing efficiency
◉ Using the concept of 5S, Items can be sorted into three groups Answer: Always used, sometimes used and never used ◉ Two Strategies for sorting Answer: 1. by product families
- or into 3 groups ◉ Identifying a specific location where supplies will be stored is an example of ________________. Answer: Set in order ◉ 5S procedures that have been set into place and followed by others is an example of __________________. Answer: Standardize ◉ The process of ensuring that 5S methods will be used in the future is called _____________. Answer: Sustain ◉ The length of time from the beginning to the completion of a work process is called _________________. Answer: Cycle time ◉ T or F For most Lean Six Sigma projects, financial evaluation only requires an estimate of the benefits to be achieved. Answer: False Cost estimates are always necessary.
◉ Gage R&R Study Answer: A formal analysis to uncover the extent of the measurement problem ◉ The Two types of Gage R&R studies? Answer: 1. Crossed
- Nested ◉ Crossed Gage R&R Study Answer: parts are sampled from a process and several operators are selected to participate in the measurements ◉ Carry-over effect Answer: The problem with Crossed Gage R&R. It Occurs when the experienced gained by the operator 1 when measuring part 1 carries over and influences the operators's measurement of part 2 ◉ Nested Gage R&R study Answer: each operator only measures one part. The disadvantage to this strategy is that it may require many more operators. (testing air bags example) ◉ T or F Data collection is a primary activity associated with the Measure phase. Answer: true
◉ T or F DMAIC is a framework that helps to ensure an orderly and logical flow from the beginning of a Six Sigma project to its end. Answer: True ◉ When asking the question, what is the real problem, the project is very likely to be in the __________ stage. Answer: Define ◉ Process monitoring is usually associated with the ___________ stage. Answer: Control ◉ When taking a measurement of an object, if the device used to take the measurement incorrectly measures the object, this is referred to as a _____________ error Answer: Measurement device error ◉ When several individuals measure the same object but each one records a different result this can be attributed to ____________________. Answer: Human error ◉ Reproducitivity Answer: terms suggests the approach where several people undertake the same test to rule out human error in measuring an object
◉ Value Stream Map, squares, "D" shapes symbols Answer: Squares= productive operations or value added activities "D" = denote delays Arrows = imply flow Primary purpose is to establish a broad view of a process and to identify waste/delays ◉ Process Map Answer: a more detailed version of a value stream map. Very Detailed ◉ X-Y Matrix Answer: Helps to establish which input variables are important. It ranks the importance of each variable aka correlation matrix ◉ Kanban Answer: A tool developed by Toyota for just in time approach to scheduling and managing operations ◉ Push and Pull Forecast Answer: Push - systems that driven by forecast Pull- systems that are driven by demand
◉ Four Principles to Kanban Answer: 1. use a visual device
- Limit amount of work that must be done from start to finish
- Focus on a smooth process flow
- Continuous improvement ◉ Takt Time Answer: A German phrase referencing the rate at which a finished product needs to be completed in order to meet customer demand. (its an average) ◉ Define available time for production Answer: the total number of hours that will actually be devoted to processing ◉ Define required units of production Answer: a measure of demand ◉ T or F A SIPOC diagram does not include delays and other measures of inefficiency. Answer: True ◉ a high-level map of a process that does not include much detail. Answer: SIPOC diagram
◉ T or F A Value Stream Map is also referred to as SIPOC diagram. Answer: False ◉ T or F Process steps in a Value Stream Map move from right to left. Answer: False Left to right ◉ A __________ is a high-level map that documents a business process from beginning to end with little attention to detail. Answer: SIPOC ◉ Eliminating Seven Wastes Answer: 1. Transportation
- Inventory
- Motion
- Waiting
- Over processing
- Over production
- defects ◉ T or F In Lean manufacturing, production must achieve the highest level of quality regardless of cost Answer: False
Cost is always an issue. So the quality of the output is related to competitive market costs. ◉ Kaisen Answer: also know as continuous improvement ◉ Charactersitics of Efficient Supply Chain Process Answer: 1. Fewer Vendors and Staff
- Supplier Relationships
- Contracts and Prices
- Quality
- Inventory
- Production Flexibility
- Communication and information flow ◉ T or F All suppliers can be classified as strategic since without them a product or service could not be delivered. Answer: False ◉ T or F A commodity supplier is one that provides common units of input that could be purchased from many different sources. Answer: True ◉ T or F
