Organ-Dwelling Trematodes: A Comprehensive Guide to Liver and Intestinal Flukes, Exercises of Parasitology

Download Organ-Dwelling Trematodes: A Comprehensive Guide to Liver and Intestinal Flukes and more Exercises Parasitology in PDF only on Docsity!

ORGAN-DWELLING TREMATODES

Liver Flukes Mode of

Transmission

Infective Stages Scientific Names

Clonorchis sinensis Ingestion of 1 st^ IH: Snails 1 st^ IH: Snails

uncooked fresh water fishes with metacercaria. Sources may include: raw, pickled, smoked or dried fish. IS: Miracidium 2 nd^ IH: Fresh water fish IS: Cercaria IS to man: Metacercaria (Bulimus fuchsiansus; Hua ningpoensis; Parafossarulus manchouricus) 2 nd^ IH: Fresh water fish (Tilapia masomhica) Fasciola hepatica Ingestion of raw, fresh water vegetation on which the flukes in their metacercariae form are encysted. 1 st^ IH: Snail IS: Miracidium 2 nd^ IH: Watercress IS: Cercaria IS to man: Metacercaria 1 st^ IH: Snail (Lymnaea philippinensis) 2 nd^ IH: Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) Opisthorchis felineus Ingestion of metacercaria in raw or insufficiently cooked fish. 1 st^ IH: Snails IS: Miracidium 2 nd^ IH: Fresh water fishes IS: Cercaria IS to man: Metacercaria 1 st^ IH: Snails (Bithynia leachii) 2 nd^ IH: Fresh water fishes (Idus melanotus)

Intestinal Flukes

Fasciolopsis buski Ingestion of Metacercaria. 1 st^ IH: Snails IS: Miracidium 2 nd^ IH: Water chestnut IS: Cercaria 2 nd^ IH: Water caltrop IS: Cercaria IS to man: Metacercaria 1 st^ IH: Snails (Genus Segmentina, Gyraulus and Hippeotis) 2 nd^ IH: Water chestnut (Eleocharis tuberosa) 2 nd^ IH: Water caltrop (Trapa natans) Echinostoma ilocanum Ingestion of Metacercaria. 1 st^ IH: Snail IS: Miracidium 2 nd^ IH: Fresh water fish IS: Cercaria IS to man: Metacercaria 1 st^ IH: Snail

(Gyraulus

convexiusculus, Hippeutis umbilicalis) 2 nd^ IH: Fresh water fish (Pila luzonica)

Heterophyid Flukes

Heterophyes heterophyes Ingestion of raw or fresh mullets or fessikh (known as salted mullets) pickled for less than 14 days. 1st IH: Brackish water snails IS: Miracidium 2 nd^ IH: Fresh water fishes IS: Cercaria IS to man: Metacercaria 1 st^ IH: Brackish water snails (Egypt: Pirenella conica; Japan: Cerithidea) 2 nd^ IH: Fresh water fishes (Egypt: Tilapia masomhica; Japan: Acanthogobius) Metagonimus yokogawai Ingestion of raw or fresh water fishes. 1 st^ IH: Snails IS: Miracidium 2 nd^ IH: Salmonoid fishes IS: Cercaria 1 st^ IH: Snails (Semisulcospira libertina, Thiara, Hua ningpoensis) 2 nd^ IH: Salmonoid fishes (Plectoglossus alpitvelis,