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1.Introduction and Objectives
1.1 Introduction
Now-a-days we live in age of Information Communication and Technology (ICT). We can’t think a single moment without technology. From morning to night, we need help of the technology. This is the revolutionary time of computer technology. Most of the works depends on web application. For this reason, anytime, anywhere, anyone can access a website by internet at low cost and we can find our expectable and most update information from website. At present information is one the most valuable resource of the current world. We have developed our project so that we can aware the people. The online news portal has been developed to override the problems prevailing in the practicing manual system. The main purpose of the project is intended to develop a portal for management of Web based news. The portal provides a suitable and easy display for which large population around the world can learn or will have the knowledge about the world. No formal knowledge is needed to use this portal. The portal has basically two user parts where one is user who can view, add comment, can have subscribe the newsletters or games and another is administrator who will manage or control the website and other user can only view ,search and can add comments if name and email is given, but with the approval of administrator. The website consists of basic pages from which the user can view and know the relevant information according to various categories which administrator given. In other case, the
administrator manages all the relevant actions for which the users can view properly and also make reports.
1.2 Objectives
The objective of this project is to develop a web application for Online News Paper website that can aware the people. The objective of this project is to provide the daily news. Those people who don’t have time to read the news paper and always linked with internet can get more information. Anytime, anywhere, anyone can know about the news or information by internet at low cost. Dynamically provides facility. Once a news item is put on the internet, it becomes instantly available for use round the globe without additional variable cost. You don’t have to wait for newspaper in morning. Money and time will also save.
1.3 Tools/ Platform Hardware & Software Requirements
This is an RDBMS web based project which is currently using MySQL for all the transaction statements and PHP as the front end. This project also uses Javascript and CSS for the user friendly view. RDBMS A Relational DataBase Management System (RDBMS) is a software that − Enables you to implement a database with tables, columns and indexes. Guarantees the Referential Integrity between rows of various tables. Updates the indexes automatically. Interprets an SQL query and combines information from various tables. MySQL MySQL is a fast, easy-to-use RDBMS being used for many small and big businesses. MySQL is developed, marketed and supported by MySQL AB, which is a Swedish company. MySQL is becoming so popular because of many good reasons − MySQL is released under an open-source license. So you have nothing to pay to use it. MySQL is a very powerful program in its own right. It handles a large subset of the functionality of the most expensive and powerful database packages. MySQL uses a standard form of the well-known SQL data language. MySQL works on many operating systems and with many languages including PHP, PERL, C, C++, JAVA, etc. MySQL works very quickly and works well even with large data sets. MySQL is very friendly to PHP, the most appreciated language for web development.
MySQL supports large databases, up to 50 million rows or more in a table. The default file size limit for a table is 4GB, but you can increase this (if your operating system can handle it) to a theoretical limit of 8 million terabytes (TB). MySQL is customizable. The open-source GPL license allows programmers to modify the MySQL software to fit their own specific environments. PHP PHP started out as a small open source project that evolved as more and more people found out how useful it was. Rasmus Lerdorf unleashed the first version of PHP way back in 1994. PHP is a recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor". PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites. It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server. PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution, especially when compiled as an Apache module on the Unix side. The MySQL server, once started, executes even very complex queries with huge result sets in record-setting time. PHP supports a large number of major protocols such as POP3, IMAP, and LDAP. PHP4 added support for Java and distributed object architectures (COM and CORBA), making n-tier development a possibility for the first time. PHP is forgiving: PHP language tries to be as forgiving as possible. PHP Syntax is C-Like.
interact with the user and make dynamic pages. It is an interpreted programming language with object-oriented capabilities. CSS Cascading Style Sheets, fondly referred to as CSS, is a simple design language intended to simplify the process of making web pages presentable. CSS handles the look and feel part of a web page. Using CSS, you can control the color of the text, the style of fonts, the spacing between paragraphs, how columns are sized and laid out, what background images or colors are used, layout designs, and variations in display for different devices and screen sizes as well as a variety of other effects. CSS is easy to learn and understand but it provides powerful control over the presentation of an HTML document. Most commonly, CSS is combined with the markup languages HTML or XHTML. Jquery jQuery is a lightweight, "write less, do more", JavaScript library. The purpose of jQuery is to make it much easier to use JavaScript on your website. jQuery takes a lot of common tasks that require many lines of JavaScript code to accomplish, and wraps them into methods that you can call with a single line of code. jQuery also simplifies a lot of the complicated things from JavaScript, like AJAX calls and DOM manipulation. The jQuery library contains the following features: HTML/DOM manipulation CSS manipulation
HTML event methods Effects and animations AJAX Utilities
2.System Study
2.1 Preliminary Investigation
In this process, the development team visits investigate the need for possible software automation in the given system. By the end of Preliminary Investigation, the team furnishes a document that holds the different specific recommendations for the candidate system. It also
operations maintenance Phases of SDLC Systems Development Life Cycle is a systematic approach which explicitly breaks down the work into phases that are required to implement either new or modified Information System.
2.3. Feasibility Study
A feasibility study aims to objectively and rationally uncover the strengths and weaknesses of an existing business or proposed venture, opportunities and threats present in the natural environment, the resources required to carry through, and ultimately the prospects for success.
In its simplest terms, the two criteria to judge feasibility are cost required and value to be attained. A well-designed feasibility study should provide a historical background of the business or project, a description of the product or service, accounting statements, details of the operations and management, marketing research and policies, financial data, legal requirements and tax obligations. Generally, feasibility studies precede technical development and project implementation. A feasibility study evaluates the project's potential for success; therefore, perceived objectivity is an important factor in the credibility of the study for potential investors and lending institutions. It must therefore be conducted with an objective, unbiased approach to provide information upon which decisions can be based. 2.3.1 Technical feasibility This assessment is based on an outline design of system requirements, to determine whether the company has the technical expertise to handle completion of the project. When writing a feasibility report, the following should be taken to consideration: A brief description of the business to assess more possible factors which could affect the study The part of the business being examined The human and economic factor The possible solutions to the problem
operational behaviours are to be realised. A system design and development requires appropriate and timely application of engineering and management efforts to meet the previously mentioned parameters. A system may serve its intended purpose most effectively when its technical and operating characteristics are engineered into the design. Therefore, operational feasibility is a critical aspect of systems engineering that needs to be an integral part of the early design phases. No doubt the proposed system is fully GUI based that is very user friendly and all inputs to be taken all self –explanatory even to a layman. Besides, a proper training has been conducted to let know the essence of the system to the users so that they feel comfortable with new system. 2.3.3 Economic feasibility Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of a candidate system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis, the procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate system and compare them with cost. If benefits outweigh cost, then the decision is made to design and implement the system Otherwise, further justification or alternations in the proposed system will have to be made if it has a chance of being approved. The project uses the technology based on minimum possible cost factor. The project is economically feasible since its benefits exceed the costs.
3. System Analysis
Systems development is systematic process which includes phases such as planning, analysis, design, deployment, and maintenance.
System analysis is a process of collecting and interpreting facts, identifying the problems, and decomposition of a system into its components. System analysis is conducted for the purpose of studying a system or its parts in order to identify its objectives. It is a problem solving technique that improves the system and ensures that all the components of the system work efficiently to accomplish their purpose. Analysis specifies what the system should do. During analysis , data collected on various files, decision points and transactions handled by the present system. The commonly used tools are data flow diagram, interviews etc. Training ,experience and common sense are required for the collection of relevant information needed to develop the system. The success of the system depends largely on how clearly the problem is defined , thoroughly investigated and properly carried out through the choice of solution.
3.1 Existing System
The existing system is fully manual. Each person has to wait for the newspaper to arrive. There is a payment for each day newspaper. A user will have to spend more time browsing to find the updates of particular news. This may lead to wastage of time, if the page containing the information is unknown to the user. The main disadvantage is that there will be lot of difficulties for the user to find the specified news updates for his/her choice of category.
3.2 Proposed System
System design is the phase that bridges the gap between problem domain and the existing system in a manageable way. This phase focuses on the solution domain, i.e. “how to implement?” It is the phase where the SRS document is converted into a format that can be implemented and decides how the system will operate. In this phase, the complex activity of system development is divided into several smaller sub- activities, which coordinate with each other to achieve the main objective of system development. System design takes the following inputs − Statement of work Requirement determination plan Current situation analysis Proposed system requirements including a conceptual data model, modified DFDs, and Metadata (data about data). System design gives the following outputs − Infrastructure and organizational changes for the proposed system. A data schema, often a relational schema. Metadata to define the tables/files and columns/data-items. A function hierarchy diagram or web page map that graphically describes the program structure. Actual or pseudocode for each module in the program. A prototype for the proposed system.
4.1 Entity Relationship Diagram
The ER model defines the conceptual view of a database. It works around real-world entities and the associations among them. At view level, the ER model is considered a good option for designing databases. Entity:- An entity can be a real-world object, either animate or inanimate, that can be easily identifiable. For example, in a school database, students, teachers, classes, and courses offered can be considered as entities. All these entities have some attributes or properties that give them their identity. An entity set is a collection of similar types of entities. An entity set may contain entities with attribute sharing similar values. For example, a Students set may contain all the students of a school; likewise a Teachers set may contain all the teachers of a school from all faculties. Entity sets need not be disjoint. Entities are represented by means of rectangles. Rectangles are named with the entity set they represent. Eg: Attributes:- Entities are represented by means of their properties, called attributes. All attributes have values. For example, a student entity may have name, class, and age as attributes.
Category
Multi-value attribute − Multi-value attributes may contain more than one values. For example, a person can have more than one phone number, email_address, etc. These attribute types can come together in a way like − simple single-valued attributes simple multi-valued attributes composite single-valued attributes composite multi-valued attributes Relationship:- The association among entities is called a relationship. For example, an employee works_at a department, a student enrolls in a course. Here, Works_at and Enrolls are called relationships. Relationships are represented by diamond-shaped box. Name of the relationship is written inside the diamond-box. All the entities (rectangles) participating in a relationship, are connected to it by a line. Relationship Set: A set of relationships of similar type is called a relationship set. Like entities, a relationship too can have attributes. These attributes are called descriptive attributes. Degree of Relationship: The number of participating entities in a relationship defines the degree of the relationship.
Category has Sub category
Binary = degree 2 Ternary = degree 3 n-ary = degree
