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Understanding Windows Security: Threats, Authentication, and Prevention, Essays (university) of Operating Systems

Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU)Operating Systems

An overview of Windows security, discussing the importance of system security, different types of threats such as viruses, Trojans, and logic bombs, and various authentication and prevention methods including passwords, multifactor authentication, and biometric authentication. It also touches upon the role of antivirus software and firewalls in protecting against cyberattacks.

Typology: Essays (university)

2020/2021

Uploaded on 01/02/2022

Huzaifasulehry
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Q :What is windows security?
Ans: Windows security is a component of windows to view and manage the security of your system.
If we see any types of changes in our system that we have not made then it means that our system is
hacked. The security of a system does not depend on the characteristics of the system but it also depend
on the security models and designs. If the model and design of a system is developed well, then it is
difficult for hackers to hack that system and if the structure is not developed well, then the hackers can
easily find the weak points in that system and can hack it easily.
There has been many versions of windows in the past, but nowadays the latest version of windows
which is installed on many systems is windows 10. Windows 10 was released on 29 July 2015. According
to the Wikipedia there were about more than 800 million computers that were using windows 10.
With so much of our lives spent online, and personal files stored on our devices, it's important to have
protection against viruses that can protect our data from being stolen. For Windows 10 users, there's a
built-in antivirus protection program called Microsoft Defender Antivirus
There are four main components of windows security center:
• Virus & Threat Protection
• Firewall & Network Protection
• App & Browser Control
• Family Options
Virus & Threat Protection:
There are many options available in this component to protect our
system from being hacked. There is an option to quick scan our system to see if there is any
type of threat present in our system. Scanning process takes some time and displays the result
of the scan. If there is any threat in the system, it displays the threat information and ask us to
take action against the threat to remove this threat.
Firewall & Network Protection:
There are three types of network connection where we can
connect to the internet.
• Domain Network
• Private Network
• Public Network
Domain Network:
A network domain is an administrative grouping of multiple private computer networks
or local hosts within the same infrastructure. If a threat gets into a single computer then there is a
chance that the hackers can get into all the systems connected to the same domain. By doing this
hackers can easily steal all the personal data and information present on the domain. Domain network is
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Q :What is windows security? Ans: Windows security is a component of windows to view and manage the security of your system. If we see any types of changes in our system that we have not made then it means that our system is hacked. The security of a system does not depend on the characteristics of the system but it also depend on the security models and designs. If the model and design of a system is developed well, then it is difficult for hackers to hack that system and if the structure is not developed well, then the hackers can easily find the weak points in that system and can hack it easily. There has been many versions of windows in the past, but nowadays the latest version of windows which is installed on many systems is windows 10. Windows 10 was released on 29 July 2015. According to the Wikipedia there were about more than 800 million computers that were using windows 10. With so much of our lives spent online, and personal files stored on our devices, it's important to have protection against viruses that can protect our data from being stolen. For Windows 10 users, there's a built-in antivirus protection program called Microsoft Defender Antivirus There are four main components of windows security center:

  • Virus & Threat Protection
  • Firewall & Network Protection
  • App & Browser Control
  • Family Options Virus & Threat Protection: There are many options available in this component to protect our system from being hacked. There is an option to quick scan our system to see if there is any type of threat present in our system. Scanning process takes some time and displays the result of the scan. If there is any threat in the system, it displays the threat information and ask us to take action against the threat to remove this threat. Firewall & Network Protection: There are three types of network connection where we can connect to the internet.
  • Domain Network
  • Private Network
  • Public Network Domain Network: A network domain is an administrative grouping of multiple private computer networks or local hosts within the same infrastructure. If a threat gets into a single computer then there is a chance that the hackers can get into all the systems connected to the same domain. By doing this hackers can easily steal all the personal data and information present on the domain. Domain network is

a good network as a person can handle all the systems connected to the same domain using only a single computer. Firewall protects your system while connected to a domain network. Private Network: A private network allows you to create a secure connection to another network over the Internet. In other words a private network is that which is your personal network. On private network you know everybody who is connected to the same WIFI you are using. It’s difficult for hackers to get into your system when you are connected to a private network. Public Network: A public network is that type of network where anybody can connect to the internet and use it. It’s very dangerous to use a public place network on any restaurant, coffee shop etc… The reason is that we don’t know anybody who is connected to the same connection as you are. There can be a hacker connected to the same internet and he can send the malicious viruses to your mobiles and your mobile can be hacked easily. Q: What are system threats and program threats? Ans: Program Threats: ❖ Trojan Horse ❖ Trap Door ❖ Logic Bomb ❖ Stack and Buffer Overflow ❖ Viruses Trojan Horse: It is a malicious type of code or program that looks same like the simple programs but it can make changes to your system. This program is designed to damage the files in your system or to send all your information to the attacker. This code can corrupt all your data in the system and that cannot be used again. Trojan Horse can get into your system by clicking on a malicious link or by installing any malicious software send by the attacker. Trap Door: A trap door is also known as a back door. Sometime hackers/attackers make such programs that looks like the real software but they actually make a copy of the real one and they code the software like that they leave a back door in the software and if a user installs that malicious program in the system/mobile then hackers can get into the system by using back door and steal the personal information like username, password of the user. Logic Bomb:

Computer Worm is a software, or any other type of program or file that is harmful to our computer, network and server. It can effect any mobile, computer or any other device with computing capabilities. Spam: A spam is any kind of mail which is send by attackers to millions of people and they pretend people to click on the malicious link, so if anybody clicks on the malicious link, all information about that device is sent to the attacker. Phishing: Phishing is a type of cybercrime in which the attacker send a link to the target, and if target tries to login to the link, then all of his information including his IP address is sent to the attacker. Botnet: Botnet is a kind of social attack in which the virus enters in our device when we click on malicious pop-up ads or by downloading software from malicious sites. The word botnet is derived from “Robot” & “Network”. In this attack, botnet gets access to our whole device and perform many actions in our device without knowing us. It can also perform many illegal tasks that could be harmful for us. Q : Define different authentication and security prevention methods. Ans: Authentication: Authentication is the process of identifying users that request to access a system, network, or device. Different Authentication Methods: 1: Password Based Authentication: Passwords are the most common methods of identifying a user who is trying to get access to any system. Most of the devices are password protected nowadays. Some people use same password for their all accounts, while some use different methods for their each account. If the user knows the password of a system, then he can get access to that system otherwise he can’t. 2: Multifactor Authentication: It is another method for identifying a user who tries to get access to a system. It is the best method for authentication. In this method more than one devices are used to access to any system. What’s app is an example of multifactor authentication. If this option is turned on in our what’s app, then what’s app will ask us to enter that specific code which we set on our device. 3: Biometric Authentication: It is another best method for authentication. In this method the fingerprints of an authorized person are scanned. Only that person can access that system whose prints

are entered in the system. This is impossible such a secured system, but an unauthorized person can get access to this system if he can get the prints of that person. Face lock, Fingerprints, Eye Retina scanner, and voice recognition are included in biometric authentication. 4: Certificate-Based Authentication: In this of authentication a specific certificate or pass is provided to every person who can have access to a specific system. For example any employ works on a system then he is given a card which having chip on it. The user first scan his card on the machine and then he is given access to that system. Security Prevention Methods: 1: Train Yourself: First method to save ourselves from cyberattacks is to train ourselves about cyber threats. We should always check the link if it is malicious or not. Always check the E-mail address from which the mail has been received. We should be aware of sending our information on the unknown mail addresses and malicious sites. 2: Keep our system Up-To-Date: We should always keep our system fully up-to-date. If any new virus is made then the anti-virus team makes an antivirus for that threat and keeps our system protected from the unknown threats. 3: Firewall: Putting our system behind a firewall is the best method to save ourselves from being hacked. Firewall layer is much strong that it is unable to break and our data is always protected. Sometime hackers can get into our system by breaking firewall layer. 4: Backup Our Data: We should always have a backup of our all data. For this purposes we should backup our data in the drive. When any virus enters in our system, it deletes or corrupt all of our data, so if we have backed up our data, we don’t have fear to our data loss. 5: Network Security: Network security is also very important to save ourselves from being hacked. We should always use the trusted private network connections. Avoid using public networks, there might be a chance that any hacker might be connected to the same network and he can steal our personal information and data.