Linear Operators and Inequalities in Hilbert Spaces, Exams of Mathematics

Various topics in linear operators and inequalities in the context of hilbert spaces. It includes definitions, proofs, and examples of the schwartz inequality, bessel's inequality, and the graph of a linear operator. The document also explores the boundedness and compactness of certain operators, as well as the concept of a closed operator.

Typology: Exams

2012/2013

Uploaded on 02/23/2013

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Question 1. Let Xand Ybe two normed linear spaces and let T:XYbe a bounded linear
operator from Xto Y.
a. Define the norm of the operator T.
b. Find the norm of the operator T:Lp(0,2) Lp(0,2),1p < , where
T f (t) = t2f(t), t (0,2).
Question 2. Let Xand Ybe metric linear vector spaces and let T:XYbe a linear operator
from Xto Y.
a. Define the graph of the operator T.
b. Give definition of a closed operator.
c. Show that the operator Tin L2(0,1) with D(T) = C[0,1], such that
T f =f(0),
is not closable.
Question 3.
a. What is the Schwartz inequality in a Hilbert space? Prove it.
b. What is the Schwartz inequality for the Hilbert space L2(R).
c. What is Bessel’s inequality? Prove it.
Question 4. Let H1(0,2π)L2(0,2π)be a Hilbert space with the scalar product given by
(f, g ) = Z2π
0f0(x)g0(x) + f(x)g(x)dx
and let
en(x) = aneinx.
a. Show that {en}nZis an orthogonal system in H1(0,2π). Find the coefficients an, such that it
is an orthonormal system.
b. Find a function fH1(0,2π)such that fis orthogonal to all en,nZ, in H1(0,2π).
pf2

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Question 1. Let X and Y be two normed linear spaces and let T : X → Y be a bounded linear operator from X to Y.

a. Define the norm of the operator T.

b. Find the norm of the operator T : Lp(0, 2) → Lp(0, 2), 1 ≤ p < ∞, where

T f (t) = t^2 f (t), t ∈ (0, 2).

Question 2. Let X and Y be metric linear vector spaces and let T : X → Y be a linear operator from X to Y.

a. Define the graph of the operator T.

b. Give definition of a closed operator.

c. Show that the operator T in L^2 (0, 1) with D(T ) = C[0, 1], such that

T f = f (0),

is not closable.

Question 3.

a. What is the Schwartz inequality in a Hilbert space? Prove it.

b. What is the Schwartz inequality for the Hilbert space L^2 (R).

c. What is Bessel’s inequality? Prove it.

Question 4. Let H^1 (0, 2 π) ⊂ L^2 (0, 2 π) be a Hilbert space with the scalar product given by

(f, g) =

∫ (^2) π

0

f ′(x)g′(x) + f (x)g(x)

dx

and let en(x) = aneinx.

a. Show that {en}n∈Z is an orthogonal system in H^1 (0, 2 π). Find the coefficients an, such that it is an orthonormal system.

b. Find a function f ∈ H^1 (0, 2 π) such that f is orthogonal to all en, n ∈ Z, in H^1 (0, 2 π).

Question 5.

a. Show that T : L^2 (0, ∞) → L^2 (0, ∞) defined by

T f (x) =

0

x + y

f (y) dy

is bounded.

b. Show that T is not compact.