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OPOTA SPO's STUDY GUIDE REVIEW, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Criminal Law

Cambridge Technical InstituteCriminal Law

OPOTA SPO's STUDY GUIDE REVIEW

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2025/2026

Available from 03/08/2026

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OPOTA SPO's STUDY GUIDE REVIEW
1. List a Peace Officer's main goals.: -Enforce Laws
-
Preserve
the
Peace
-Prevent
Crimes
-
Protect
Civil
Rights
and
Liberties
2.
Explain items to consider when exercising discretion.:
- Use sound judgement to deter-
mine
which laws are to be formally enforced.
-
Determine
if
there
is
a
more
constructive
remedy
to
a
situation
without
an
arrest,
or
citation.
3. Explain the factors necessary for the commission of a crime.: -DESIRE
1.
The
motivation
behind
a
criminals
behavior.
This
factor
is
most
difficult
to
change.
-
VICTIM
1.
The
potential
target.
2.
Criminals
prefer
an
easy
target
that
is
unaware
of
their
surroundings,
or
lacking
proper
security
precautions.
3.
Difficult
to
change
this
factor
due
to
the
individuals
personality.
-
OPPORTUNITY
1.
Remove
opportunities
for
crime
by
using
proper
security
measures.
2.
Most
ettective
area
to
concentrate
crime
prevention
strategies.
4.
State the core concepts of community policing.: - A partnership between the Police and the
community.
-
Crime
Prevention
-
Organizational
change
of
the
agency.
-
A
problem
solving
approach
to
the
police
role
that
is
proactive.
5. Recognize considerations for off duty situations.: -
BEHAVIOR
1.
An
Officer’s
behavior
is
often
scrutinized
by
the
community
when
off
duty.
2.
Not
only
does
this
refer
to
physical
and
verbal
actions,
but
also
online
activity
on
social
media
sites.
3.
An
officer
is
expected
to
uphold
the
Law
Enforcement
Code
of
Conduct.
SITUATIONAL AWARENESS
1.
Officers
should
makes
every
effort
to
remain
alert
even
while
off
duty.
2.
You
never
know
when
you
may
need
to
transition
quickly
from
a
private
citizen
to
a
peace
officer.
3.
Make
certain
preplans
with
your
family
should
a
situation
arise.
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1 / 46 OPOTA SPO's STUDY GUIDE REVIEW

  1. List a Peace Officer's main goals.: -Enforce Laws
  • Preserve the Peace -Prevent Crimes
  • Protect Civil Rights and Liberties
  1. Explain items to consider when exercising discretion.: - Use sound judgement to deter- mine which laws are to be formally enforced.
  • Determine if there is a more constructive remedy to a situation without an arrest, or citation.
  1. Explain the factors necessary for the commission of a crime.: - DESIRE
  2. The motivation behind a criminals behavior. This factor is most difficult to change.
  • VICTIM
  1. The potential target.
  2. Criminals prefer an easy target that is unaware of their surroundings, or lacking proper security precautions.
  3. Difficult to change this factor due to the individuals personality.
  • OPPORTUNITY
  1. Remove opportunities for crime by using proper security measures.
  2. Most ettective area to concentrate crime prevention strategies.
  3. State the core concepts of community policing.: - A partnership between the Police and the community.
  • Crime Prevention
  • Organizational change of the agency.
  • A problem solving approach to the police role that is proactive.
  1. Recognize considerations for off duty situations.: - BEHAVIOR
  2. An Officer’s behavior is often scrutinized by the community when off duty.
  3. Not only does this refer to physical and verbal actions, but also online activity on social media sites.
  4. An officer is expected to uphold the Law Enforcement Code of Conduct. SITUATIONAL AWARENESS
  5. Officers should makes every effort to remain alert even while off duty.
  6. You never know when you may need to transition quickly from a private citizen to a peace officer.
  7. Make certain preplans with your family should a situation arise.

2 / 46

  1. Familiarize yourself with your agency's off duty weapons policy.
  2. Be a good witness if a situation arises when police intervention is necessary.

4 / 46 action was or the course of action the officer considered right was to difficult to do or the wrong course of action was tempting

  1. Define common areas in which unethical acts occur: -Corrupt activity
  • Falsify Reports
  • Sexual harassment -Alcohol usage
  • Free Food/ Gratuities
  1. What is the PLUS Model: - Policies
  • Legal
  • Universal
  • Self
  1. What is the concept of Parents Patrice: In place of the parent
  2. What is a status offense.: Any charge not applicable to an adult, only juvenile offenders
  3. What is a delinquent: A juvenile who violates a law, the charge would be a crime if committed by an adult
  4. Define the Keystone Policy: To rehabilitate, rather than to punish
  5. Four requirements the United State Supreme Court established for a juvenile in Kent v. US: - Hold a hearing before waiving jurisdiction of a child's case
  • Assure the right of the child's to be represented by counsel
  • Permit counsel access to social records and probation reports on the child
  • Juvenile court judge must state reasons for transfer in writing.
  1. Overriding principles of juvenile justice system: -Providing for the care, protection, and mental and physical development of children
  • Protect the public's interest and safety
  • Holding offenders accountable
  • Restoring the victim
  • Rehabilitate the offender
  1. Violations of the JJDP Act: - An accused or adjudicated status offenders held securely
  • An accused delinquent offender is held over six hours
  • An adjudicated delinquent is sentenced to a secure adult jail
  • Any juvenile that is held securely and is not sound and sight separated from adult offenders
  1. Factors considered in a transfer to Adult Court: - The victim suffered physical, psychological, or

5 / 46 serious economic harm

7 / 46

  • When
  • How

8 / 46

  • Where
  • Why
  1. Identify the requirements of a well written report: - Complete
  • Factual
  • Accurate
  • Objective
  1. What is MAP: Mens Rea (Mental) Actus Reus ( Physical) Penalty
  2. What is a crime: An act that the law makes punishable
  3. Explain the Culpable Metal States of a crime: Purposely: Specific intention to cause certain result Knowingly: Aware that conduct will probably Recklessly: With needless indifference to the consequence Negligently: Substantial lapse from due care
  4. What is jurisdiction: A governments general power to exercise authority over all persons and things within its territory
  5. What is Statutory Law: The body of law derived from statuses rather than from Constitutions or Judaical Decisions.
  6. What is Force: Any violence, compulsion, or constraint physically exerted by anyone on or against a person or thing.
  7. What is Deadly Force: Any force which carries a substantial risk that it will proximately result in the death of any person
  8. What is physical harm. Plus what is serious physical harm: Harm: Any injury, illness, or other physiological impairment, regardless of its gravity or duration Serious Physical Harm: Requires either medical or psychiatric hospitalization.
  9. What is Physical Harm to Property. Plus what is Serious Physical Harm to Property: Any tangible or intangible damage to property that in any degree results in loss to its value or interferes with its use or enjoyment. Serious: Results in substantial loss to the value of the property or requires a substantial amount of time, or money to repair or replace.

10 / 46

  • Understand there is no waiting period before a child can be reported missing.

11 / 46

  • Immediately enter the information into NCIC
  • Notify neighboring agencies
  • Remove entry from NCIC if child is found
  1. Describe the actions that the initial officer assigned to the report of a missing child will take.: - Conduct a preliminary interview of the person making the report.
  • Verify the child is missing
  1. Explain what the officer should do if the initial missing child investigation is complete and is not found: - Reach out to additional resources
  2. Identify the categories of missing children: - Non Family members
  • Family abduction
  • Runaways / Thrown away
  • Lost / Injured / otherwise missing.
  1. Describe the information that an officer should gather during a preliminary interview in a Family abduction missing child case: - Determine who has custody rights
  • Confirm the suspect family member as the actual abductor.
  • Establish the intent of the abductor
  • Ask additional question
  1. Explain why the closure stage provides an important opportunity for Law Enforcement: To learn not only about how runaway survived, but to investigate if other crimes were being committed at home that may have caused the child to runaway
  2. Describe questions recommended for an officer to ask a returned runway child: Ask questions to determine if a crime is being committed at home.
  • Ask questions to determine of a crime occurred while they were on the streets.
  1. Determine when the criteria are met for activation of the AMBER alert: - You confirm the child is under 18 years old
  • You believe that the abduction poses a creditable threat of immediate danger of serious bodily harm or death to the child.
  • There is sufficient descriptive information about the child, the suspect, and /or the circumstances surrounding the abduction to believe that activation of the alert will locate the child.
  • You determine the child is not a runaway and has not been abduction as a result of a family abduction, unless the investigation determines the child is in immediate danger, serious bodily harm or death

13 / 46

  • Police image and perceptions.

14 / 46

  1. What are two types of racism: - Individual Racism ( Person and person discrimination based on ones own bias and prejudges)
  • Institutional Racism ( Can be enforced through rules, procedures, or policies)
  1. Difference between Criminal profiling and Racial / Bias profiling: Criminal ( Based on observed behaviors and characteristics ) Racial/ Bias ( The factors of race/ ethnicity and bias towards that race are imitating factors for LE intervention.
  2. Define the term strip search: The inspection of a naked individual without scrutinizing the subjects body cavities
  3. Identify basic requirements for body cavity searches: - You must obtain a search warrant unless there is a medical emergency justifying a search
  • Must be conducted under sanitary conditions in a location that permits only the person being searched and the person conducting the search to observe
  • Must be preformed by a medical profession
  1. Identify the major items for which the officer must be alert for during a preliminary health screen: - Behavior
  • Body deformities and ease of movement
  • Conditions of skin
  1. Identify the four causes of illegible fingerprints: -Failure to produce the focal points
  • Allow the fingers to slip or twist
  • Failure to clean the fingers and equipment of foreign substance and perspiration
  • Insufficient ink
  1. What are Compass Points for Sex Crimes: Conduct Contact Age Relationship
  2. Define what sexual conduct is: Penetration of the anus, vagina, or mouth with any object or one persons self
  3. What parts of the body are in the erogenous zone?: Thigh, genital, butt, pubic region, females breast
  4. Identify the different types of stress: Eustress - Good positive stress Distress- Negative Stress

16 / 46 appear in court at the time stated on citation or pay for traffic ticket: - The defendant

17 / 46 drivers license or CDL will be suspended

  • The defendant is not eligible for reinsurance of a license or certification of registration until the person appears and complies with all orders of the court.
  • The defendant remains subject to any applicable criminal penalties
  1. An officer may arrest rather than issue a citation for a MM if one of the following applies: - Offenders require medical care or is unable to provide for there own safety
  • Offenders will not or cannot otter satisfactory proof of their identity
  • Offender refuses to sign the citation
  • Offender has previously been issued a citation for the commission of that particular misdemeanor and failed to satisfy obligations to appear.
  1. Define the term tort: A civil wrong, other than breach of contract for which a remedy may be obtained in the form of damages
  2. List the four major categories of police related lawsuits: - Unlawful search and seizure
  • False Arrest
  • Traffic Accidents
  • Excessive Force claims
  1. Define the term Emergency Call: A call to duty including but not limited to communications from citizens, dispatchers, and personal observation by peace officer of inherently dangerous situation that demand an immediate response on the part of a peace officer
  2. Identify the standard under which an officer who is responding to an emer- gency call is governed: The standard under which an officer who is responding to an emergency call is governed.
  3. State the three requirements in which a failure to train case may be the basis for liability: - The training is inadequate
  • The city is deliberately indifferent to the rights of the person with whom the officer have contact
  • The lack of training was the proximate cause of the plaintiffs injuries
  1. List the four main factors considered when determining level of force is reasonably: - Severity of the crime
  • Immediate threats to officers or others
  • Whether the suspect is actively resisting
  • Whether the suspect was evading arrest by flight

19 / 46

  • Give concise, clear, and complete answers
  • Avoid talking with potential or actual jurors
  1. Why should surveillance be conducted: - To verify reliability of information, a tip, or complaint received
  • Protect a government oflcial
  • Obtain evidence in order to make arrest, or to secure search warrant
  • To aid in the apprehension of wanted person or suspect
  • To prevent the commission of a crime
  • To determine locations or drop points of illegal or stolen items
  • To determine residents of hangouts of the surveillance target
  • Study physical layout of a structure to assist in conducting a raid
  1. When is Mobile- Foot Patrol used: -Dignitary or witness protection detail
  • Least convert method
  • Conducted in large crowds
  • Most successful with multiple officers
  • Target can be handed off to other officers if necessary
  1. When is Mobile- Vehicle Patrol used: - Officer considerations
  • Have the ability to conduct simultaneous task
  • Have the ability to react to or anticipate the subjects moves
  1. What are interference's with Mobile- Vehicle Surveillance: - People
  • Traflc
  1. What are the Mobile- Vehicle Surveillance techniques: - Shadowing
  • Leapfrog
  • Progressive
  • Cautions
  1. What is a fixed or stationary surveillance: - A officers maintains a continuous view of the suspect
  • Make sure the vehicle fits the area
  • Maintain officer safety
  1. What is legal gambling in Ohio: - Licensed casino games regulated by the Ohio Casino Control

20 / 46 Commission

  • Games regulated by the Ohio Lottery Commission