Optical Instruments - General Physics - Lecture Slides, Slides of Physics

In these Lecture Slides, the Lecturer has put emphasis on the following key points : Optical Instruments, Plane Mirrors, Curved Mirrors, Ray Tracing, Curved Mirrors, Mirror Equation, Images, Lens Equation, Image is Upright, Images With Mirrors

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 07/24/2013

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Chapter 31: Images/Optical Instruments
Images, mirrors and lenses (Ch. 31)
Plane mirrors
Curved mirrors (convex and concave mirrors)
Ray tracing with curved mirrors
The mirror equation
Images and ray tracing with lenses
The lens equation
Reading: up to page 552 in the text book (Ch. 31)
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Chapter 31: Images/Optical Instruments

  • Images, mirrors and lenses (Ch. 31)
    • Plane mirrors
    • Curved mirrors (convex and concave mirrors)
    • Ray tracing with curved mirrors
    • The mirror equation
    • Images and ray tracing with lenses
    • The lens equation Reading: up to page 552 in the text book (Ch. 31)

Images with Mirrors

s s'

s = s'

Virtual Image Image is upright

  1. Any ray parallel to the mirror axis reflects through the focal point F.

Ray Tracing with Mirrors

F

C

F = focal point C = center of curvature (= 2 f for spherical mirror)

  1. Conversely, any ray that passes through F reflects parallel to the axis.

Ray Tracing with Mirrors

F

F = focal point C = center of curvature (= 2 f for spherical mirror)

C

Ray Tracing with Concave Mirrors

  • Image is real, inverted and reduced
  • Real implies that light really comes from the image
  • Image is real, inverted and enlarged
  • Real implies that light really comes from the image

Ray Tracing with Concave Mirrors

  • Image is always virtual, upright and reduced
  • Virtual implies no light actually came from image

Ray Tracing with Convex Mirrors

Ray Tracing with Concave Mirrors

h

'

h

s

s'

Magnification:

M =

h'

h

s'

s

C = 2 f for spherical mirror

s

s'^

f

Mirror equation f

Ray Tracing with Convex Mirrors

Magnification:

M =

h'

h

s'

s

s

s'^

f

Mirror equation (^) s s' (^) < 0 Focal length, f , for concave mirror is negative ( f < 0) f

h

h

'

Summary for curved mirrors

Images with Lenses

Concave lens

Ray Tracing with Lenses

F

F = focal point; one each side (equidistant from lens)

  1. Any ray parallel to the lens axis refracts and then passes through the focal point F on the other side.

F

  1. Any ray that passes through the center of the lens will not be deflected.

Ray Tracing with Lenses

F

F

F = focal point; one each side (equidistant from lens)

Ray Tracing with Convex Lenses

Magnification:

M =

h'

h

s'

s

s

s'^

f

Lens equation: Real image other side of lens (^) ( f > 0 , s'^ > (^0) ) h h'

s'

s