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OREGON PESTICIDE LAWS AND SAFETY
EXAM OFFICIAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWER KEY (UPDATED).
Emulsifiable concentrates EC/E - correct answer - 25 - 75% active ingredient not soluble in water. Soluble in oil. Emulsifier needed to mix in water. Adjutants needed (wetting agents, spreader/stickers) Advantages: penetrate waxy surfaces better, low pressure needed. Drawbacks: highly concentrated, phytotoxic, absorbed easily through the skin and hazardous to handler. Solutions S - correct answer - active ingredient dissolve readily in petroleum or water based solutions. When mixed with a solvent they form a solution that does not settle out or separate. Advantage: Ready-to-Use (RTU) no mixing, low concentrate designed to be sprayed as purchased. Disadvantage: costly for the amount of active ingredient, few uses Dusts (D) - correct answer - finely ground, dry mixture combining a low concentration of the pesticide with an inert carrier such as talc, clay, or volcanic ash. Ready to use as purchased and require no mixing. May drift long distances. For spot treatments and home gardens
Granules (G) - correct answer - dry, ready-to-use, low concentrate mixtures of pesticide. In a granular formulation each about the same size. Granules are ready to use as purchased, little toxic dust to drift up, use seeders or fertilizer spreaders. Dont stick to foliage Wettable or Soluble Powders (WP or SP) - correct answer - dry preparations containing a relatively high concentration of pesticides. Dissolve in water to form solutions. Safer, dont absorb through the skin as rapidly, easily measured and mixed. Hazardous to the applicator if concentrated dust is inhaled. Calibrating finding gallons per acre - correct answer - sq ft per acre, speed of sprayer, width of spray boom, delivery rate of sprayer Factors that affect delivery rate (output) - correct answer - speed, nozzle size/amount, pressure, Section 18 - correct answer - Emergency exemption. Pest crisis with no registered pesticide to control it, could cause economic
When not to induce vomiting when pesticide has been swallowed? - correct answer - the label says not too, unconscious or convulsing, swallowed corrosive or petroleum poison Adjuvants - correct answer - a chemical added to the pesticide formulation to improve it action or safety Dry flowable - correct answer - small granules that disperse in solution. Help reduce dust and allow to flow like a liquid. Settle out quickly, abrasive to equipment Formulation - correct answer - when pesticide AI is mixed with solvents, wetting agents powders or granules How to properly open pesticide containers? - correct answer - Do not tear open, use a sharp knife. What is a symptom of pesticide poisoning? - correct answer - a feeling that only a person who has been poisoned can notice
What is a sign of pesticide poisoning? - correct answer - evidence or clue of poisioning that others can see Pesticides - correct answer - include herbicides, insecticides, Fungicides, rodenticides, and many other Substances used to kill, harm, or repel pests. General Use Pesticides - correct answer - may be bought over the counter without a pesticide license. Restricted Use Pesticides (rups) - correct answer - are a category of products that pose a higher risk to people, animals, or the environment. They can only be purchased by a person with a pesticide license; use requires supervision by a licensed applicator. Pesticide CERTIFICATION - correct answer - the process of demonstrating a person knows how to handle and apply pesticides in a safe and responsible manner. Valid for up to five (5) years
PESTICIDE APPRENTICE LICENSE - correct answer - individuals who work under the supervision of a Commercial or Public Pesticide Applicator.
- The supervising applicator does not need to be onsite when the apprentice is making pesticide applications, BUT the apprentice must be able to reach the supervising applicator at all times.
- The Pesticide Apprentice is not a certified applicator. In order to renew this license, beyond the first year, the apprentice will need to attend eight (8) hours of approved continuing education classes. The eight hours must consist of at least four (4) hours of CORE credits. If the apprentice does not accrue the required credit hours, they will need to retake the Laws & Safety exam to re-license.
- Required exam: Laws & Safety Apprentices may only make applications within their supervisor's categories. The supervising applicator is responsible for training the apprentice. PUBLIC PESTICIDE APPLICATOR LICENSE - correct answer - required of employees of federal and state agencies, Counties, cities, municipalities, irrigation districts, drainage districts, soil and water conservation districts or other special districts, public utilities, and telecommunication utilities who in the course of their work:
- Use or supervise the use of restricted-use pesticides, (rups) and/or;
- Use machine-powered equipment to apply any pesticides (general or restricted)
- Apply pesticides (including organic and 25b products) on the property of any Oregon pre-kindergarten, public and private K- 12 schools, community colleges, federal Head Start programs, Oregon School for the Deaf, Oregon Youth Authority residential academy, or education service districts
- Required exam: Laws & Safety and at least one category exam. COMMERCIAL PESTICIDE APPLICATOR LICENSE - correct answer - Apply or supervise the application of ANY pesticide (general use, restricted use, organic, and 25b products) on the land or property of others while employed by a Commercial Pesticide Operator IPM - correct answer - IPM is a common-sense strategy that integrates multiple tactics to reduce pest populations to an acceptable level. Strategies include sanitation, pest exclusion, cultural, biological, mechanical, chemical control. IPM weighs the risks and benefits of pest reduction methods to determine the most environmentally and economically sound manner to manage pests
Vapor Drift - correct answer - vapor containing the pesticide active ingredient moves off the application site. Usually through evaporation How to avoid drift? - correct answer - check weather conditions, equipment; larger droplet size (pressure- higher the smaller droplet size), Chemical formulation (less volatile- amine instead of esters) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) - correct answer - allows EPA to monitor/ regulate all pesticides usage/distribution. Registration, approval/use from label, determines general use or Restricted use, enforce law Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) - correct answer - EPA set pesticide tolerances for all pesticides used in or on food or in a manner that will result in a residue in or on food or animal feed. FDA enforces it. A tolerance is the maximum permissible level for pesticide residues allowed in or on human food and animal feed.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) - correct answer - protects people in the workplace. Requires employer to keep safety/injury/death records and report them. Employee has the right to know about pesticide use/ REI/health issues Endangered Species Act (ESA) - correct answer - requires federal agencies to ensure that any action they authorize, fund, or carry out, will not likely jeopardize the continued existence of any listed species, or destroy or adversely modify any critical habitat for those species. Restricted entry interval REI - correct answer - All WPS qualified pesticides have labels which indicate when it is safe to enter the area after its application. Workers may not enter the area without special preperation Hazard communication standard HCS - correct answer - requires employers to train their employees to recognize chemical hazards
- using the information provided on product labels and in safety data sheets - and to take the necessary precautions to protect themselves.
Toxicity - correct answer - how a substance adversely affects a living system dose-time relationship Acute exposure - correct answer - one time or limited exposure to a pesticide Chronic exposure - correct answer - contact to a pesticide over a period of time Acute toxicity - correct answer - effects that appear within minutes/days after exposure. How poisonous a substance is after an acute exposure- Basis for the warning statements on a label. Risk? - correct answer - = Toxicity + Exposure. How poisonous, the amount and route of exposure Routes of entry - correct answer - Dermal, inhalation, oral and ocular
Factors that affect toxicity (3) - correct answer - route of entry, frequency and duration of exposure, does Lethal dose fifty (LD50) - correct answer - the does of pesticide that kills half of animals (50%) in a does response study. Catagory highly toxic - correct answer - Signal word DANGER POISON! Very small oral/skin dose can kill a person (drops- teaspoon) Catagory Moderately toxic - correct answer - Signal word Warning! Small oral dose can kill a person (over teaspoon-1 ounce) Catagory slightly toxic - correct answer - Signal word Caution! (over 1 ounce-1 pint/lb) oral dose that can kill a person Relatively nontoxic - correct answer - Signal word Caution! (over 1 pint/lb) oral dose that can kill a person
Pesticide formulations - correct answer - granule, dust, wettable powder- flowable, water solution, oil solution How to protect bee's from pesticide - correct answer - right pesticide/right application, DON't spray or allow pesticide to drift onto crops in bloom. Spray when bees are not active, don't treat near hives. Why use IPM? - correct answer - Balanced ecosystem, pesticides might not work, saves money Basic steps of IPM? - correct answer - prevent pest buildup, monitor pests, assess, decide best action When to control pests based on IPM? - correct answer - control after pest density has passed economic threshold, before economic injury level Economic threshold - correct answer - pest numbers reach a level above which there is a risk to that the grower could lose money.
Economic injury - correct answer - when pest numbers surpass economic threshold than the cost of control is equal to the value of the yield or quality that you would lose without control measures When should you read the label? - correct answer - Before buying, mixing, applying or storing pesticides Label is the - correct answer - law, reviewed by the EPA Whats in a label? - correct answer - chemical names, directions, signal words, PPE, EPA registration and establishment number Signal word? - correct answer - shows the pesticides acute toxicity Ingredient statement - correct answer - contents of the pesticide product, details active ingredients and amount of each ingredient in a percent form
Broad spectrum insecticide - correct answer - insecticide that can kill many different types of insects. Attack a system common to all. (nervous system) Residual insecticide - correct answer - insecticides that stay active for a long time. Useful when an insect is a constant problem Non selective herbicides - correct answer - chemicals toxic to all plants Selective herbicide - correct answer - chemicals that kill specific plants Why timing of herbicide application? - correct answer - to effect target without harming other plants MSDS physical and chemical properties - correct answer - describes the products physicals appearance, how product behaves under certain conditions. Important for mixing, storage, drift, leaching and runoff.
Soil KOC - correct answer - soil organic carbon-water partitioning coefficient. Useful in predicting the mobility of pesticides. High KOC less mobility lower KOC more mobility. Calculates soil concentration that protects groundwater MSDS - correct answer - provides technical information about products hazards to workers and end users. Detailed information about products composition, properties and hazards, toxicological and ecological information and first aid procedures
