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organic chem chapter 8, Quizzes of Organic Chemistry

University of ManitobaOrganic Chemistry

pratice questions for organic chem

Typology: Quizzes

2025/2026

Uploaded on 02/09/2026

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CHAPTER 15
1. The social and cultural domain of knowledge emphasizes the effects of _____ on an individual’s
behavior more than other approaches emphasize those factors.
A. internal factors
B. external factors
C. unconscious factors
D. conscious factors
2. Which of the following is NOT one of the ways discussed in the text that illustrate how personality
interacts with situations?
A. Evocation
B. Satisfaction
C. Selection
D. Manipulation
3. People consider personality traits most when they _____ friends.
A. manipulate
B. evoke
C. select
D. argue with
4. When a person’s behavior unintentionally elicits a certain response from another person, we observe
A. manipulation
B. selection
C. evocation
D. Provocation
5. If a person is treated nicely because she is a friendly person the mechanism of _____ may be operating.
A. manipulation
B. selection
C. evocation
D. stagnation
6. Intentionally influencing other people’s behavior is known as
A. manipulation
B. selection
C. evocation
D. stagnation.
7. A boy who persuades his brother to steal some candy demonstrates the concept of
A. manipulation
B. selection
C. evocation
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CHAPTER 15

  1. The social and cultural domain of knowledge emphasizes the effects of _____ on an individual’s behavior more than other approaches emphasize those factors. A. internal factors B. external factors C. unconscious factors D. conscious factors
  2. Which of the following is NOT one of the ways discussed in the text that illustrate how personality interacts with situations? A. Evocation B. Satisfaction C. Selection D. Manipulation
  3. People consider personality traits most when they _____ friends. A. manipulate B. evoke C. select D. argue with
  4. When a person’s behavior unintentionally elicits a certain response from another person, we observe A. manipulation B. selection C. evocation D. Provocation
  5. If a person is treated nicely because she is a friendly person the mechanism of _____ may be operating. A. manipulation B. selection C. evocation D. stagnation
  6. Intentionally influencing other people’s behavior is known as A. manipulation B. selection C. evocation D. stagnation.
  7. A boy who persuades his brother to steal some candy demonstrates the concept of A. manipulation B. selection C. evocation

D. stagnation

  1. According to international research, the characteristic most desirable in a mate is A. extraversion B. mutual attraction or love C. openness D. agreeableness
  2. Which of the following is most important to most people in choosing a mate? A. Political ideology B. Personality characteristics C. Health D. Good looks
  3. The complimentary needs theory states that individuals select mates A. with personality characteristics that differ from theirs B. who fulfill their needs for being complimented and flattered C. with personality characteristics similar to their own D. who have characteristics that are related to marital satisfaction.
  4. Francis, a miserable cook, is looking for a spouse who is a wonderful cook. Francis’ preference for someone who cooks would support the _____ hypothesis on human mating A. Assortative mating B. Complimentary needs C. Wishful thinking D. Self-deception
  5. Which of the following names the theory that states that individuals select individuals with characteristics similar to their own for marriage partners? A. Long-term mating B. Mirror image mating C. Assortative mating D. Matching hypothesis
  6. Investigators have found evidence for assortative mating A. only for physical characteristics (height, weight, etc.) B. only for psychological characteristics (attitudes, beliefs, personality traits) C. in a few selected variables important in the area of evolutionary psychology D. for almost every variable that has been investigated
  7. Samantha places an on-line personal ad. In her ad she writes that she is very outgoing, conscientious, and open to experience. She states that she wants the same characteristics in potential mate. Her ad supports the _____ hypothesis of mate selection A. assortative mating
  1. People who are married to someone who scores high on all of these personality traits EXCEPT _____ tend to be more satisfied in their relationships than individuals whose spouse score low on this trait A. agreeableness B. extraversion C. emotional stability D. openness to experience
  2. People who are married to someone who has high trait ratings for agreeableness report higher levels of marital satisfaction A. if their spouse also has high trait ratings for emotional instability B. if their spouse also has low trait ratings for intellect-openness C. if their spouse also has high trait ratings for surgency D. no matter what other personality traits their spouse has
  3. Women who are married to men who score high on openness rate their A. husbands as sources of stimulating conversation compared to other women’s view of their husbands B. husbands as being sources of encouragement and support C. husbands as being someone in whom they can confide D. love and affection expressed with their husbands as being high
  4. According to the “violation of desire” theory, people are most likely to break up with mates A. with whom they are no longer romantically infatuated after a period of time in the relationship B. who violate the person’s desire to reach their level of optimal reproductive success C. who lack widely sought personality characteristics in a mate, such as dependability, emotional stability, or pleasing disposition D. who discover, over time, that their partner no longer meets their complimentary needs
  5. In terms of personality, the best predictor of divorce is A. low levels of emotional stability B. high levels of emotional stability C. high levels of openness D. low levels of openness
  6. Low levels of which of the following personality traits are NOT correlated with a higher likelihood of a divorce or breakup in a relationship? A. Agreeableness B. Emotional stability C. Conscientiousness D. Openness
  1. The finding that partners in a relationship who are dissimilar in personality are more likely to break up supports the A. violation of desire theory B. assortative mating hypothesis C. complimentary needs hypothesis D. attraction similarity theory
  2. The tendency to feel tense, anxious, or worried during social interactions, or even when anticipating a social interaction, is known as A. openness B. emotional stability C. expectation confirmation D. shyness
  3. In terms of health issues, shy women _____ when compared to non-shy women A. are more likely to see a gynecologist B. are less likely to see a gynecologist C. are more likely to insist on contraception before having sex D. avoid potentially dangerous sexual situations
  4. Shy people engage in all of the following behaviors more than less shy people EXCEPT they A. take fewer risks B. avoid other people C. are more likely to get divorced D. create socially isolating situations
  5. The following are all examples of how personality traits guide the selection of situations EXCEPT individuals scoring high on A. sensation-seeking scales avoid risky situations B. psychoticism scales choose volatile and spontaneous situations C. Machiavellianism scales prefer face-to-face situations D. emphases scales are likely to volunteer for community activities
  6. Individuals scoring high on sensation-seeking scales prefer NOT to select situations that A. are characterized by higher risk sexual behavior B. involve unusual psychological experiments on topics such as drugs or sex C. consists of a series of highly repetitive tasks D. frequently involve attending parties were alcohol or drugs are available
  7. Buss, Block, and Block found that highly active children elicited behaviors to bring them under control by their parents and teachers. This finding is an example of the mechanism of person-environment mechanism of A. manipulation B. evocation

C. low on conscientiousness D. high on conscientiousness

  1. Individuals who are highly agreeable tend to evoke _____ than individuals with lower agreeableness scores A. much more love from their spouses B. far less interpersonal conflict C. longer conversations with peers D. more upper limit control
  2. The phenomenon of expectancy confirmations are also known as A. evocative corroborations B. self-fulfilling prophesies C. behavioral substantiations D. likelihood verifications
  3. A study showed that when people had to interact with a person who they expected to be a hostile person they A. were more hostile toward the person B. were more accommodating towards the person C. acted more agreeable towards the person D. acted more neurotic towards the person
  4. You have heard that Dean X has a reputation for being very arrogant and condescending to students. One day your professor sends you to see the Dean to discuss an important educational issue. You are quite apprehensive when you enter the Dean’s office and act very nervous and anxious. Since Dean X does not suffer fools, he snaps at you, thus confirming the _____ that you evoked A. self-fulfilling corroborations B. expectancy confirmations C. behavioral verifications D. likelihood substantiations
  5. People who are being manipulated by another person are A. affected by the person doing the manipulating B. always harmed by the manipulation C. less likely to use manipulation themselves D. likely to attempt a retaliatory manipulation
  6. A _____ is a classification scheme based on the categorization of things into groups A. circumplex B. hierarchy C. assortment D. taxonomy
  1. The taxonomy of manipulation tactics described in the text was developed with A. a two-step procedure: nominations of acts of influence and factor analysis of self-reports and observer-reports of the previously nominated acts B. observer reports based on lengthy questionnaires C. physiological measures D. behavioral tests
  2. The manipulation tactic of _____ might involve yelling at someone A. coercion B. reason C. charm D. responsibility invocation
  3. The only tactic of manipulation with a mean difference between men and women was found to be A. a monetary reward B. the silent treatment C. regression D. coercion
  4. Which of the following is an example of regression? A. Not talking to someone until they do what you want B. Bribing someone C. Whining D. Acting submissive
  5. Which of the following is an example of the hardball manipulation tactic? A. Bribing someone B. Acting in a loving way C. Whining D. Hitting someone
  6. Telling someone that “everyone else is doing it” is an example of the _____ manipulation tactic A. hardball B. social comparison C. charm D. self-abasement
  7. Showing someone how fun an activity will be is an example of the _____ manipulation tactic A. pleasure induction B. hardball C. silent treatment D. self-abasement

B. agreeableness C. conscientiousness D. emotional stability

  1. People who score high on ____ tend to use the manipulation tactics of pleasure induction and reason more A. surgency B. agreeableness C. conscientiousness D. emotional stability
  2. The manipulation tactic most often used by people low in emotional stability is A. hardball B. self-abasement C. regression D. pleasure induction
  3. The following are all characteristics of narcissism EXCEPT A. being grandiose B. being exploitative C. being self-centered D. apathetic behavior
  4. People who score high on intellect-openness tend to use the manipulation tactic of _____ most A. reason B. self-abasement C. hardball D. pleasure induction
  5. People who score low on intellect-openness tend to use the manipulation tactic of _____ most A. reason B. social comparison C. regression D. silent treatment
  6. Judy chooses friends who admire her and reflect her highly positive view of herself. Judy most likely scores high on the personality trait of A. extraversion B. narcissism C. Machiavellianism D. manipulation
  7. Narcissicists who are very self-aggrandizing tend to evoke reactions of _____ from other people A. anger

B. laughter C. exasperation D. humility

  1. Narcissists tend to use a predictable set of manipulation tactics which typically are exemplified by being _____ in social situations A. very generous and giving and described as altruistic B. very aggressive and hostile C. exploitative of users and being described as “users” D. supportive and nurturing
  2. Narcissists react to failure by A. becoming socially withdrawn B. derogating other people C. accepting responsibility for their actions D. engaging in self-abasement

CHAPTER 18

  1. Which of the following is important in fighting the spread of AIDS? A. Research on a vaccine B. Research on the HIV virus C. Research on behavior D. All of these
  2. Researchers in the field of _____ focus on the link between the mind and body A. differential psychology B. health psychology C. psychoanalysis D. medicine
  3. It is thought that in the United States, lifestyle contributes to about _____ percent of premature deaths. A. 10 B. 30 C. 50 D. 90
  4. Stress is the _____ feeling produced by events that are uncontrollable or threatening A. objective B. subjective C. acute D. chronic
  1. Which of the following models is least complex? A. Health behavior model B. Interactional model C. Transactional model D. Illness behavior model
  2. Which model focuses on how personality influences life style choices (e.g., smoking) that in turn influence health? A. Health behavior model B. Interactional model C. Transactional model D. Illness behavior model
  3. The finding that extraverts are more likely to smoke is most consistent with the A. health behavior model B. interactional model C. transactional model D. None of these
  4. Which model sees no direct relationship between personality and health, but instead attributes correlations between the two to a third variable? A. Health behavior model B. Interactional model C. Transactional model D. Predisposition model
  5. Behavior genetics research on personality and illness fits best into the _____ model A. health behavior B. interactional C. transactional D. predisposition
  6. Going to the doctor, missing work, and complaining about symptoms are all examples of A. appraisals B. self-efficacy C. illness behaviors D. health behaviors
  7. The _____ model emphasizes how personality influences the degree to which people pay attention to bodily sensations that can indicate illness A. health behavior B. interactional C. transactional

D. illness behavior

  1. _____ the subjective feelings of being overwhelmed by events that seem uncontrollable A. Stress is B. Stressors are C. Appraisals are D. Pessimism is
  2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of stressors? A. They produce a state of feeling overwhelmed B. They are major life events C. They produce opposing tendencies D. They are uncontrollable
  3. The reaction to being startled and the increases in blood pressure and other physiological responses is known as A. a stressor B. the fight-or-flight response C. pessimism D. hostility
  4. Selye described repeated stressors as leading to A. primary appraisals B. secondary appraisals C. the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) D. primary and secondary appraisals
  5. In the general adaptation syndrome, the fight-or-flight response falls under the _____ stage A. appraisal B. alarm C. stage of resistance D. stage of exhaustion
  6. In the general adaptation syndrome, the stage of resistance is characterized by A. the fight-or-flight response B. exhaustion C. increased physiological energy D. arteriosclerosis
  7. According to Selye, people are most prone to illness in the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome A. appraisal B. alarm C. resistance D. exhaustion

A. experienced B. witnessed C. imagined D. experienced or witnessed

  1. _____ is the term to describe how the effects of stress add up and accumulate in a person over time. A. Additive effects B. Stress accumulation C. Longitudinal buildup D. Stress accrual
  2. When a person perceives that an event is a threat to his goals, he engages in A. the optimistic bias B. the pessimistic bias C. primary appraisal D. secondary appraisal
  3. According to Lazarus, what must be present for an event to be stressful? A. The fight-or-flight response B. Primary appraisal C. Secondary appraisal D. Primary and secondary appraisal
  4. According to Lazarus, an exam will be stressful A. always B. if a person views the exam as important C. if a person wants to do well but has to cram D. if a person views the exam as important or wants to do well but has to cram.
  5. _____ is a dispositional way of explaining the causes of bad events A. Defensive pessimism B. Attributional style C. Problem-focused coping D. Negative event interpretation
  6. The _____ technique for measuring attributional style was developed by Peterson and his colleagues. A. Content Analysis of Verbatim Explanations (CAVE) B. Attributional Analysis (AA) C. Attribution Vocabulary (AV) D. Peterson Attributional Analysis of Vocabulary (PAAV)
  7. Positive emotions are thought to help with stress by A. broadening attention B. helping people build stores of energy

C. helping people build social networks D. All the these

  1. The “broaden and build” model addresses A. how positive emotions can buffer against stress B. the optimistic bias C. the fight-or-flight response D. how frustration leads to stress
  2. Which of the following coping mechanisms can generate positive emotions during stress? A. Problem-focused coping B. Defensive pessimism C. Primary appraisal D. Secondary appraisal
  3. Focusing on the good aspects of a generally stressful situation is an example of A. problem-focused coping B. positive reappraisal C. creating positive events D. disclosure
  4. Problem-focused coping A. can generate positive emotions B. is useful when events are controllable C. is useful when events are uncontrollable D. All of these
  5. Taking breaks and using humor in stressful situations are examples of the _____ coping strategy A. problem-focused coping B. positive reappraisal C. creating positive events D. disclosure
  6. A person with a pessimistic explanatory style explains bad events as due to _____ causes A. internal B. global C. temporary D. internal and global
  7. Dispositional optimism is defined as A. the belief that one can do the behaviors necessary to achieve a desired outcome B. making attributions that are unstable, temporary, and global C. the expectation that good events will be plentiful, and bad events will be rare D. having higher than average self-esteem
  1. Psychologists do not understand fully the link between optimism and health because A. most of the research is correlational B. it is difficult to measure optimism C. most of the research is non-correlational D. optimism has only recently been studied
  2. Smiling when you receive a gift that you do not really like is an example of A. hostility B. primary appraisal C. secondary appraisal D. emotional inhibition
  3. Research suggests that inhibiting the expression negative emotions A. makes people feel better B. makes people feel worse C. leads to increased physiological activity D. leads to reduced physiological activity
  4. In a study by James Gross and Robert Levenson, participants who were instructed to inhibit their emotional expressions A. showed less outward expression B. showed more outward expression C. showed decreased physiological activity D. Both A and C
  5. When people express their negative emotions they are A. less effective in communicating with others B. likely to have more problems in relationships C. likely to have fewer problems in relationships D. effective communicators, but have more problems in relationship
  6. Research suggests that emotional expressiveness is associated with A. better health B. better relationships C. more physiological reactivity D. better health and better relationships
  7. Telling others about private aspects of ourselves is known as A. disclosure B. problem-focused coping C. self-efficacy D. the general adaptive syndrome
  1. When psychologist James Pennebaker asked research participants to write about secret unpleasant events, he found that A. people felt good as they wrote B. many people found it difficult to think of secrets C. everyone had secrets D. people felt good as they wrote and that everyone had secrets
  2. Pennebaker has suggested that keeping negative events secret A. helps maintain self-esteem B. requires physical energy C. is associated with good physical health D. helps maintain self-esteem and is associated with good physical health
  3. A study that compared participants who wrote about traumatic events to people who wrote about neutral events found that people who wrote about the traumatic events A. visited the campus health center less B. visited the campus health center more C. found the task more enjoyable D. re-experienced the traumatic event
  4. Research suggests that disclosing traumatic events has the effect of A. increasing physiological arousal during disclosure B. improving physical health C. reducing the likelihood of depression D. All of these
  5. People who are very achievement motivated and always in a hurry score high on measures of A. dispositional optimism B. Type A personality C. hostility D. pessimistic attributional style
  6. Which of the following is NOT a component of Type A behavior pattern? A. Competitive achievement motivation B. Time urgency C. Hostility D. All of these are components of Type A
  7. Which of the following components of Type A behavior pattern is most lethal? A. Achievement striving B. Time urgency C. Hostility D. All of these are equally lethal