OC MID
REVIEW
TA: HồVũ Hoàng Khoa
Author: Ho Vu Hoang Khoa
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Review of Organic Chemistry: Bonding, Polarity, Hybridization, VSEPR, Intermolecular Force, Schemes and Mind Maps of Industrial Chemistry
A comprehensive review of organic chemistry concepts, covering topics such as lewis structures, formal charge, bonding, polarity, hybridization, vsepr, intermolecular forces, chiral centers, enantiomers, diastereomers, meso compounds, fischer projections, e/z configuration, naming priority, and ring flip. The review includes explanations, examples, and exercises to help students understand and apply these concepts.
Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps
2022/2023
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OC MID
REVIEW
TA: Hồ Vũ Hoàng Khoa Author: Ho Vu Hoang Khoa
Lec 1
Formal charge,
bonding, polarity
02 06 04
Periodic table trends
Nucleophile/
Electrophile
Lewis & Octet
01 05 03
Resonance
Acid/Base
Lec 3
02 Diastereomer, Meso 04
E/Z configuration
Chiral centers, R/S,
enantiomer
01 03
Fischer
projection
Lec 4
IUPAC of bicyclic
compounds
02 04
Ring flip
Functional groups &
naming priority
01 03
Newman
projection
Lec 1: Formal Charge, Bonding, Polarity ● Formal charge: lone pair e + ½ bonding e ● 3 categories of bonds: (1) nonpolar covalent, (2) polar covalent, ionic (increasing order in polarity and also solubility) ● Bond strength: single bond < double bond < triple bond ● Bond length: single bond > double bond > triple bond
Lec 1: Resonance ● Resonance hybrids: molecules showing characters of several structures. ● Delocalized e-? e- spreading within a molecule → resonance-stabilized ● RULE to determine major contributor & resonance
Lec 1: Periodic table trend Nuleophicity Nuleophicity
Lec 1: Acid/Base ● Khuyến khích coi slide ● pH < pKa: HA > A- ● pH = pKa: HA = A- ● pH > pKa: HA < A-
WHOA!
Keep going! 3 more left
Lec 2: Hybridization & VSEPR
Lec 2: Hybridization & VSEPR Step to do VSEPR: Lone pair, bonding pair? → Steric number? Dựa vào steric number và lone pair để xác định. Làm nhiều là quen!!!! Bond angle: nếu có lone pair thì góc sẽ nhỏ hơn. VD: H2O, 2 lone pair, steric 4, góc <109.5o
Lec 2: Intermolecular forces
Lec 2: Solubility Like dissolves likes (normally solubility in water), if nonpolar solvent → reverse rules How to rank solubility of compounds in water quantitatively: ● Charged groups (ionic compounds) → very hydrophilic ● Compounds that have H-bond donor group contribute significantly (R- OH, R-NH2,…) ● Compounds that have H-bond acceptor group contribute a little less (C- O, C-N,…) ● Other polar groups contribute small (C-Cl, C-Br, C-S,…) ● Most C-atoms results in hydrophobicity → nonpolar, insoluble in water
Lec 2: Solubility a) b) c) d) e) f)