ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR NOTES, Cheat Sheet of Organization Behaviour

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MBA(BA) 2

nd

Semester

 It is a field of study that investigates the impact individuals, groups and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving organizational effectiveness  Studies three determinants of behavior in organizations- individuals, groups and structure  Applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups and the effects of structure on behavior in order to make organizations work more effectively.  It emphasizes behavior as related to concerns such as jobs, work, absenteeism, productivity, employee turnover, employee performance etc.

 Psychology  The science that seeks to measure, explain and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals  Topics of study include learning, perception, personality, emotions, motivation, decision making process, attitude measurement, job stress etc  Social Psychology  An area of Psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and focuses on the influence of people on one another  Topics of study include change, identifying communication patterns, building trust, group behavior, conflict etc

 Sociology  Study of people in relation to their social environment or culture  Topics of study include group behavior, formal organisation structure, communication, power etc  Anthropology  Study of societies to learn about human beings and other activities  Topics of study include understanding of differences in values, attitudes and behavior between people in different countries and different organisations

 Employee average age is increasing  More women and people of varied ethnicity are entering the workplace  Downsizing  Increasing use of temporary workers  Global competition requires employees to become more flexible  Rising use of technology

 Responding to Economic Pressures  Responding to globalization  Managing Workforce Diversity  Improving Customer Service  Working in a Networked Organization  Enhancing Employee Well-Being at work  Creating a Positive Work Environment  Ethical Behavior

 Organizations are no longer constrained by national borders  Managers being moved to foreign countries have to manage a workforce very different in needs, aspirations and attitudes  Need to work with people of different cultures and adapt your working style  Need to adapt to different regulatory norms, unique financial and legal regulations  Understanding and adapting to the political environment of different countries

 Organizations are becoming heterogeneous in nature  Inclusion of diverse groups in terms of gender, age, race, sexual orientation, religion, food preferences etc  Managing this diversity has become a global concern  An example is the increase in number of migrants in various countries

 Networked Organizations allow people to communicate and work together even though they maybe be miles apart  Motivating and leading people and making collaborative decisions online requires different techniques than when individuals are physically present  With increase in WFH employees, managers and employees need to develop new skills to do their jobs efficiently even without physical interaction with others

14  Line between work and non-work time has become blurred, creating personal conflicts and stress  Technology ensures that many workers never get away from the virtual workplace  Organizations are also expecting employees to put in longer hours at work  Employees increasingly complaining of high levels of stress and fatigue  Employee well- being is also being challenged by heavy outside commitments like family and social responsibilities, e.g. ageing parents, single parent households etc  Employees want more flexibility in their work schedules  Expect managers to be more empathetic

 Employees do feel pressured to cut corners, break rules and engage in questionable practices  They constantly face ‘ethical dilemmas and ethical choices’ – situations in which individuals are required to define right and wrong conduct  Increasing competition and race for productivity leads to such situations, when employees are unable to figure out which actions to do, even though they may be personally not agreeing to it  The line differentiating right from wrong has always been blurred, hence the decision is always difficult  It becomes even more difficult in the global world and different cultures have different perspectives  Managers need to take actions to ensure ethical behavior-  Code of ethics to be enforced strictly in the organisation  Workshops and training programs  Encourage ethical behavior and punish unethical actions

 A model is an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of

some real-world phenomenon

 OB Model has three types of variables

 Inputs  Processes  Outcomes

 Three levels of analysis

 Individual  Group  Organizational

 Variables that lead to Processes

 Examples like personality, group structure and organizational

culture

 A few are determined in advance of the employment relationship,

e.g. personality

 A few are typically assigned before or after a group is formed

 Organizational variables are result of years of development and

change

 Actions that individuals, groups and organizations engage in as a

result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes

 Individual level- emotions and moods, motivation, perception and

decision making

 Group level- communication, leadership, power and politics,

conflict and negotiation

 Organization level- change practices, Human Resource

management