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OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Safety Training What are bloodborne pathogens? - potentially infectious microbes present in blood and other body fluids What are the 3 bloodborne pathogens of primary concern? - Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) What is the #1 mode of transmission of bloodborne pathogens? - accidental needlestick What is the estimated survival on a surface of HBV, HCV, and HIV? - HBV: 7 days HCV: 16hrs - 4 days HIV: few hours What is the risk of picking up bloodborne pathogens from a surface? - low risk if standard precautions are practiced What is the risk of infection after a positive needlestick? - HBV - 30% if unvaccinated HCV - 2% HIV - 0.3% How many people are infected with HBV? - one million How infectious is HBV? - very -1/3 no symptoms, 1/3 flu-like, 1/3 severe -may cause liver disease, liver cancer, & death -10% of infected people become infectious for life (active carriers)
What are the symptoms of HBV? - jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting Is there a vaccine for HBV? - safe & effective vaccine is available -many HCW are not vaccinated What are the Hepatitis B markers? - HBsAg, Anti-HBc, Anti-HBs, Anti-HBe, HBeAg Which HBV marker indicates an active infection? - HBsAg What does IgG against HBc mean? - infected with HBV What does IgG against HBs mean? - clears the virus What does IgG against all HBV markers mean? - full recovery Describe HBV transmission. - needles sex contact with body fluids How is HBV preventable? - safe practices, get vaccinated Describe HCV. - the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the US -affects 4X more people than HIV -90% infectious for life (active carriers) How long is HCV asymptomatic? - 10-20 years mimic HBV when they appear
What has transmission potential? - -contaminated sharps/needles -contact with blood or other body fluids -mucus membranes; eyes, mouth, nose -non-intact skin What is personal protective equipment (PPE)? - anything used to protect a person from exposure gloves, goggles, gowns, masks, aprons, CPR mouth barriers, etc What are some standard precautions? - -treat all blood, body fluids, and tissues as if they are infected -use appropriate PPE -proper cleanup and decontamination -dispose all contaminated materials in a proper manner Describe decontamination. - -pick up broken glass with tongs -clean surfaces with 10% bleach solutions or other EPA-approved disinfectant -do an initial wipe up -spray with disinfectant and allow it to stand for 10 minutes, then wipe up -dispose of all wipes and use PPE in biohazard containers Describe the hand washing process. - -wash hands immediately after removing PPE, even if not visibly contaminated - 20-30 seconds -use a soft antibacterial soap -a hand sanitizer can be used, but wash with soap and water as soon as possible afterward -wet hands with warm, running water, apply soap, lather well -rub hands vigorously for 20-30 seconds -scrub backs of hands, wrists, between fingers and under fingernails -rinse well, dry hands with a disposable towel
-use the towel to turn off faucet What is regulated medical waste? - contaminated items that may release body fluid when compressed contaminated sharps What must sharps disposal containers be? - closable puncture resistant leakproof labeled Should you ever use 2 hands to recap a needle? - no What do signs and labels do? - labels communicate a hazard place regulated waste in containers that have universal biohazard symbol What happens in an exposure incident? - -an incident of contact with potentially infectious bodily fluid --must have infiltration of skin surface, mucous membranes or open skin break to be considered an occupational exposure -wash contact area thoroughly -report all accidents involving blood or bodily fluids -post-exposure medical evaluations are offered What happens in a post-exposure evaluation? - confidential medical evaluation document route of exposure identify source individual test source individuals blood (with individual's consent) provide results to exposed employee
How infectious is HBV? - very -1/3 no symptoms, 1/3 flu-like, 1/3 severe -may cause liver disease, liver cancer, & death -10% of infected people become infectious for life (active carriers) What are the symptoms of HBV? - How infectious is HBV? - How infectious is HBV? - What is the risk of infection after a positive needlestick -
