PAEA OBGYN EOR TOPICS,PAEA OBGYN EOR TOPICS, Exams of Medicine

PAEA OBGYN EOR TOPICS PAEA OBGYN EOR TOPICS PAEA OBGYN EOR TOPICS

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 04/17/2026

Nurse-Camille
Nurse-Camille 🇺🇸

1.3K documents

1 / 84

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
PAEA OBGYN EOR TOPICS
is diagnosed clinically in postpartum patients with 2 fevers
and uterine tenderness and is mostly seen s/p *c-section* but can also
be present s/p vaginal delivery or postabortus - ANSWERS-
postpartum endometritis (polymicrobial infection of the endometrium
d/t exposure during childbirth)
what is the ddx/tx for postpartum endometritis? - ANSWERS--ddx:
surgical site infxn, UTI, mastitis, PNA
-tx: broad spectrum abx (*clindamycin + gentamicin* OR ampicillin-
sulbactam in clinda resistance or if GBS (+)); add ampicillin or
vancomycin if fever doesn't resolve in 48-72 hrs
-*ampicillin + gentamicin* if after vaginal delivery
*diagnosis made clinically from 2 fevers and uterine tenderness (other
sx's include foul lochia, chills, lower abdominal pain)
what are the differences b/t 1st-4th degree lacerations postpartum? -
ANSWERS--1st deg: skin/mucosa only
-2nd deg: extend into perineal body but do not involve anal sphincter
-3rd deg: extend into or completely through anal sphincter
-4th deg: through anal mucosa (may be a button hole laceration so
perform rectal exam)
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18
pf19
pf1a
pf1b
pf1c
pf1d
pf1e
pf1f
pf20
pf21
pf22
pf23
pf24
pf25
pf26
pf27
pf28
pf29
pf2a
pf2b
pf2c
pf2d
pf2e
pf2f
pf30
pf31
pf32
pf33
pf34
pf35
pf36
pf37
pf38
pf39
pf3a
pf3b
pf3c
pf3d
pf3e
pf3f
pf40
pf41
pf42
pf43
pf44
pf45
pf46
pf47
pf48
pf49
pf4a
pf4b
pf4c
pf4d
pf4e
pf4f
pf50
pf51
pf52
pf53
pf54

Partial preview of the text

Download PAEA OBGYN EOR TOPICS,PAEA OBGYN EOR TOPICS and more Exams Medicine in PDF only on Docsity!

PAEA OBGYN EOR TOPICS

is diagnosed clinically in postpartum patients with 2 fevers and uterine tenderness and is mostly seen s/p c-section but can also be present s/p vaginal delivery or postabortus - ANSWERS- postpartum endometritis (polymicrobial infection of the endometrium d/t exposure during childbirth) what is the ddx/tx for postpartum endometritis? - ANSWERS--ddx: surgical site infxn, UTI, mastitis, PNA

  • tx: broad spectrum abx (clindamycin + gentamicin OR ampicillin- sulbactam in clinda resistance or if GBS (+)); add ampicillin or vancomycin if fever doesn't resolve in 48-72 hrs
  • ampicillin + gentamicin if after vaginal delivery *diagnosis made clinically from 2 fevers and uterine tenderness (other sx's include foul lochia, chills, lower abdominal pain) what are the differences b/t 1st-4th degree lacerations postpartum? - ANSWERS--1st deg: skin/mucosa only
  • 2nd deg: extend into perineal body but do not involve anal sphincter
  • 3rd deg: extend into or completely through anal sphincter
  • 4th deg: through anal mucosa (may be a button hole laceration so perform rectal exam)

how are 1st-4th degree tears repaired? - ANSWERS--1st deg: interrupted suture

  • 2nd deg: suture anchored at apex of lac, then through hymenal ring and used to bring together the perineal body; then skin closed with subcuticular sutures
  • 3rd deg: repair anal sphincter w/ severel interrupted sutures, then the rest same as above for 2nd deg
  • 4th deg: repair anal mucosa meticulously to prevent fistula formation, repair rectum, and repair the rest as above w/ 3rd deg *all w/ dissolvable sutures what is the size of the uterus postpartum/puerperium after delivery? after 2 weeks? after 6 weeks? - ANSWERS--after delivery: @ umbilicus
  • 2 weeks: into pelvic cavity
  • 6 weeks: nml size what is normal discharge/bleeding in the postpartum/puerperium period? - ANSWERS--especially days 4 - 10, pinkish brown vaginal bleeding called lochia serosa that should cease by 3-4 weeks postpartum T/F: lactating/breast feeding mothers remain anovulatory - ANSWERS-true but still use back up contraception just in case

symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse include: pelvic/vaginal fullness/heaviness, "falling out" sensation, lower back pain, vaginal bleeding, purulent discharge, urinary frequency/urgency, stress incontinence; what PE maneuver can be done to check? - ANSWERS- valsalva to inc abdominal pressure and produce a bulging mass on exam what are the tx options for pelvic organ prolapse? - ANSWERS-- kegels/PT to strengthen pelvic floor

  • weight loss
  • pessaries
  • estrogen tx (improves atrophy)
  • hysterectomy
  • colporrhaphy (reinforcement of fascia w/ sutures)
  • uterosacral or sacrospinous ligament fixation a 33 yo women comes in with acute R pelvic pain, adnexal mass; Ddx? workup? - ANSWERS--Ddx: ovarian torsion, ectopic pregnancy, ruptured ovarian cyst/abscess, appendicitis, etc.
  • w/u: pelvic US ovarian torsion is usually seen in women of reproductive age with acute unilateral pelvic pain and adnexal mass; how is it tx'd? - ANSWERS--detorsion and ovarian conservation
  • only perform salpingo-oopherectomy if PMP or necrotic ovary

abstaining from sex during the fertile period as a means of contraception is called and uses what signs to monitor this window? - ANSWERS--natural family planning

  • signs: body temp, cervical mucus, calendar, urine progestin test
  • failure rate is up to 25% coitus interruptus (withdrawal of penis from vagina before ejaculation) has a % failure rate d/t sperm being in pre- ejaculatory fluid - ANSWERS-20% what is the chemical in spermicide called? what is the failure rate of spermicide? - ANSWERS--nonoxynol- 9
  • 27% failure rate do female or male condoms have a higher failure rate? - ANSWERS- male- 20% female- 21% a rubber cuplike device that holds spermicide against cervix - ANSWERS--diaphragm: failure rate of 15%
  • must remain in place 6 - 24h after intercourse
  • requires pelvic exam & fitting
  • ADR: breakthrough (irregular) bleeding *Skyla & Kyleena are best for nulliparous pts bc they are smaller Paragard is an IUD that uses to act as a spermicide within the uterus; how long does it last? s/e? - ANSWERS--copper
  • 10yr
  • s/e: 50% increase in menstrual bleeding sterilization can be done by what methods? what do these put patients at risk for? - ANSWERS--bilateral tubal ligation (BTL) or essure (chemicals or coils to scar portion of fallopian tubes)
  • risk of: ectopic pregnancy and difficult reversal of fertility how do combination (estrogen + progesterone/synthetic progestin) OCPs work as contraceptives? - ANSWERS--act on anterior pituitary to prevent release of LH/FSH therefore preventing ovulation
  • secondarily increases cervical mucus and thins endometrium making it less habitable for implantation
  • body is in a "pseudo-pregnancy state" combination OCPs (estrogen + progesterone/synthetic progestin) have what positive effects on the body besides their contraceptive action? - ANSWERS--improves dysmenorrhea
  • controls menstrual cycle irregularity
  • helps prevent osteoporosis
  • protective against ovarian cysts (formed from ovulation), ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer (keeps lining thin)
  • improves acne
  • less PID & ectopic pregnancy risk
  • helps with bloating
  • can help with mood (as in PMDD) what are some contraindications to combination (estrogen + progesterone) OCPs bc of estrogen? - ANSWERS--smokers >35y
  • HTN
  • h/o blood clots (DVT, PE, MI, stroke)
  • biliary disease (increases risk of gallstones)
  • caution in DM, HL, and liver disease what are some contraindications to combination (estrogen + progestin) OCPs? - ANSWERS--liver disease
  • kidney disease
  • adrenal disease (synthetic progesterone aka progestin is hard to metabolize)

how is nuvaring (etonogestrel/estradiol) used? - ANSWERS--inserted for 3 weeks, taken out for 1 week

  • removed during intercourse but must be replaced w/i 3 hrs what is the most common site affected by endometriosis? - ANSWERS--MC: ovaries
  • posterior cul de sac
  • broad & uterosacral ligaments
  • rectosigmoid colon
  • bladder what are some risk factors for endometriosis? - ANSWERS-- nulliparity
  • family hx
  • early menarche
  • onset <35y what is the classic triad of endometriosis? - ANSWERS-1. premenstrual pelvic (or lower back) pain
  1. dysmenorrhea
  2. dyspareunia +/- dyschezia (painful defecation d/t common sites affected)

does endometriosis affect fertility? - ANSWERS-yes bc most commonly effects ovaries so causes >25% of all infertility cases what is used to definitely diagnose endometriosis? - ANSWERS- laproscopy w/ Bx what is a "chocolate cyst"? - ANSWERS-an endometrioma- endometriosis involving the ovaries large enough to be considered a tumor, usually filled w/ old blood appearing chocolate-colored what are the management options of endometriosis? - ANSWERS- medical (ovulation suppression)

  • combination OCPs + NSAIDs for premenstrual pain
  • progesterone (causes endometrial tissue atrophy, suppresses GnRH)
  • leuprolide (GnRH analog causing pituitary FSH/LH suppression)
  • danazol (testosterone- induces pseudo-menopause) surgical:
  • laparoscopy w/ ablation- used if fertility desired
  • TAH-BSO otherwise PCOS is an endocrine syndrome characterized by a triad of what 3 things? - ANSWERS-1. secondary amenorrhea (anovulatory) or oligomenorrhea
  1. obesity (insulin resistance/insensitivity)
  1. polycystic ovaries on US
  2. clinical hyperandrogenic signs (hirsutism, acne, male-pattern hair loss)
  3. oligo and/or anovulation/amenorrhea what other conditions do you need to rule out when diagnosing PCOS? - ANSWERS--thyroid dysfxn (can cause menstrual irregularities)
  • pituitary adenoma
  • ovarian tumors
  • cushing's syndrome (r/o w/ dexamethasone suppression test)
  • nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH) (r/o w/ GnRH stimulation test resulting in rise in serum hydroxyprogesterone)
  • DM (& check lipids too) how is PCOS treated? - ANSWERS--mainstay of tx: combination OCPs (normalizes bleeding and suppresses androgen)
  • anti-androgenix agents for hirsutism (spironolactone, leuprolide, finasteride)
  • infertility 1st line: clomiphene (SERM)
  • metformin: helps with insulin resistance, fertility, hirsuitism, and menstrual irregularity
  • life style changes: wt loss by diet/exercise
  • surgical (wedge resection of ovary): to restore fertility when clomiphene fails

what are some complications of untreated PCOS? - ANSWERS-- infertility

  • endometrial hyperplasia/cancer risk d/t unopposed estrogen thickening lining
  • insulin resistance = DM, HL, HTN, CAD, MI risks what is the MC benign gynecological lesion? it is a benign uterine smooth muscle tumor - ANSWERS-leiomyoma (uterine fibroids) aka fibromyoma leiomyomas (fibroids) grow with what hormone? - ANSWERS- estrogen- this is why they regress after menopause what pt population are leiomyomas (fibroids) most commonly seen in? - ANSWERS->35y/o 5x MC in AA while most leiomyomas (fibroids) are asymptomatic, the most common symptoms are... - ANSWERS--menorrhagia (MC)
  • dysmenorrhea
  • abdominal pressure/pain
  • bladder frequency/urgency
  • large palpable uterine mass during bimanual exam how are leiomyomas worked up and treated? - ANSWERS--w/u: pelvic US (focal heterogenic masses w/ shadowing)

what are the risks of untreated adenomyosis? - ANSWERS-induces hypertrophy/hyperplasia of surrounding myometrium where ectopic endometrial tissue is implanted screening for intimate partner violence (IPV) is suggested when? - ANSWERS--initial visit

  • pregnant women
  • ED visits
  • suspicious signs (inconsistent explanation of injuries, delay in seeking tx, missed appts, frequent ED visits, late prenatal care, inappropriate affect, overly attentive partners, reluctance to be examined) how is intimate partner violence (IPV) managed? - ANSWERS-- emotional support
  • f/u visits
  • referral to counseling or psych
  • give domestic violence hotline, group or social worker info
  • careful documentation
  • only required to report if pt is disabled, elderly, under 18, or weapons involved what all should be evaluated/treated in a sexual assault pt? - ANSWERS--psychological assessment
  • evaluation of areas of trauma
  • examination of breast, pelvic, and anorectal areas
  • colposcopy to detect genital trauma
  • use of evidence collection kit
  • labs: pregnancy test, STI testing, drug screening
  • prophylactic STD tx (ceftriaxone 250mg IM for gonorrhea, azithromycin 1g po for chlamydia, metronidazole 2g po for trich)
  • hep B vaccine, HPV vaccine for those not previously immunized
  • prophylactic HIV tx w/ antiretroviral (controversial)
  • post-coital contraception (plan B)
  • offer acute crisis counseling what is urinary incontinence due to increased abdominal pressure (sneezing, laughing, coughing, running, etc.) known as? what is it due to? - ANSWERS-stress incontinence- d/t laxity of pelvic floor muscles (childbirth, surgery, postmenopausal, post prostatectomy) what is the tx for stress incontinence (d/t inc abdominal pressure)? - ANSWERS--pelvic floor exercises (kegel, biofeedback w/ sensor detecting pressure changes of kegels); 87% improvement
  • alpha agonists (midodrine, pseudoephedrine) inc urethral sphincter tone and flow resistance; 19-74% improvement
  • surgery (artificial sphincter) inc urethral outlet resistance; 88% improvement
  • anti-incontinent devices: vaginal cones help to strengthen pelvic floor muscles, pessaries
  • estrogen: cream or estradiol-impregnated vaginal ring to help with atrophy

what is the tx for overflow incontinence aka "underactive bladder/atony"? - ANSWERS--intermittent or indwelling catheter is 1st line

  • cholinergics bethanacol to inc detrusor activity
  • if d/t BPH: alpha blockers: tamsulosin to dec urethral resistance infertility is defined as inability to conceive after what amt of time? - ANSWERS- 1 yr what are the etiologies of infertility? - ANSWERS--40% male abnormal spermatogenesis
  • 30% female anovulatory cycles or ovarian dysfxn
  • congenital or acquired disorder can cause the rest... how is infertility evaluated? tx'd? - ANSWERS--sperm eval
  • hysterosalpingography (eval tubal patency or abnormalities)
  • hormone levels tx:
  • clomiphene (SERM- induces ovulation)
  • intrauterine insemination
  • in vitro fertilization (especially if fallopian tube defect is present)
  1. G2 P
  2. G4 P
  1. G3 P2103 - ANSWERS-1. currently pregnant, 1 term delivery, 1 living child
  2. currently pregnant, 1 term delivery, 1 preterm delivery, 1 abortion/miscarriage, 1 living child (cannot tell if it is term or preterm child by formula)
  3. currently pregnant, twins at term, 1 at preterm, 3 living children G (# pregnancies) T (# term deliveries at 37 weeks or more including stillbirths) P (# preterm deliveries at 20-37 weeks) A (abortions <20 weeks including miscarriages) L (# living children) a previable fetus is defined as - ANSWERS-<24 weeks old (varies w/ guidelines) what are the routine test during the first prenatal visit? - ANSWERS- blood pressure, blood type & Rh, CBC, UA (glucose & protein), random glucose, HBsAg, Hep C, HIV, syphilis, rubella titer, VZV titer, pap, sickle cell & CF screening diagnosis of pregnancy can be detected by serum B-hCG at days after conception and by urine B-hCG at days after conception - ANSWERS-serum B-hCG: 5 days after conception urine B-hCG: 14 days after conception