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Pals Heartcode 2025 practice test latest
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- Where can you check a pulse on an infant and child?: infant - brachial child - femoral
- What are signs of increased respiratory effort that can lead to fatigue and respiratory failure? Select all that apply nasal flaring unlabored breathing apnea seesaw respirations retractions head bobbing: nasal flaring seesaw respirations retractions head
2 / 21 bobbing
- Determine the respiratory rate by counting the number of times the chest rises in seconds and multiplying by .: 30 2
- Tachypnea is often the first sign of respiratory in infants: distress
- Hypotension fro children 1 to 10 years of age is a systolic blood pressure of less than 40mmHg + 2 x age in years 50mmHg + 2 x age in years 60mmHg
- 2 x age in years 70mmHg + 2 x age in years: 70mmHg + 2 x age in years
- What sequence is used when care for a seriously ill or injured child to help determine the best treatment or intervention? The sequence: Evaluate Identify Intervene
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- When oxygenation delivery to the extremities becomes inadequate, the and are the first to exhibit designs.: Hands Feet
- What should be used to assess skin temperature?: the back of the hand
- What is the preferred technique for infant compressions when there are 2 or more rescuers present?: 2 thumb-encircling hands technique
- If pupils to not in response to light consider increased pressure: Constrict intracranial pressure
- If is not identified and treated immediately, it can result in injury: hypoglycemia brain
- What are the 4 indicators of the AVPU scale that are used
5 / 21 to determine responsiveness?: Alert Responds to pain Unresponsive Responds to voice
- If the child does not respond to voice, assess the child's response to
: pain
- What should you look for when exposing the child?: Bruising purpura bleeding
- What does the mnemonic SAMPLE stand for?: Signs & symptoms allergies medications PMH last meal events leading to illness/injury
- What should be included in the history when asking about
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- What is the primary purpose of the CPR coach on a resuscitation team?: improve cpr quality
- How can the CPR coach improve CPR quality in a resuscitation event?: coach to midrange targets
- Which high performance team member has the responsibility for assigning roles (positions)?: team leader
- What element of team dynamics describes when a team member needs to correct actions?: constructive intervention
- Which of the following describe how to communicate?: closed-loop communications clear messaging
- Which resuscitation strategy will result in an improved chest compression fraction?: hovering over the chest during compression pauses
- What is one way to increase chest compression fraction during a code?: Charg- ing the defibrillator 15 seconds before a rhythm check
- A chest compression fraction of at least is recommended, and a goal of is often achievable with good teamwork: 60% 80%
- What is chest compression fraction?: proportion of time that compressions
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- For an unwitnessed cardiac arrest, what should you do after determining unresponsiveness and there is no breathing or pulse?: perform high-quality CPR for 2 mins
- What is the definition of oxygen saturation?: the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin
- Children develop hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia more quickly than adults because of their?: higher metabolic rate
- In infants and toddlers, the young and epiglottis, relative to those of an adult are : large
- How can normal spontaneous breathing be characterized?: quiet unlabored inspi- ration
- Increased WOB can be associated with airway resistance and/or lung compliance.: increased decreased
- What happens when airway resistance increases?: WOB increases
- Which of the following describes laminar or normal airflow?: low airway resistance and a small driving pressure
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- what do central chemoreceptors respond to?: hydrogen ions in the cerebrospinal fluid
- why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful?: - it increases intrathoracic pressure
- What should you do if you cannot achieve effective ventilation with a bag-mask device?: reposition the airway verify the mask size
- How are effective oxygenation and ventilation assessed?: oxygen saturation visible chest rise exhaled carbon dioxide
- How can gastric inflation impair bag mask ventilation?: It decreases lung compliance
- What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric infla- tion during bag-mask ventilation?: Deliver each breath over 1 second
- Hypoxemia is
11 / 21 defined as oxygen saturation less than : 94%
- Which is true about the difference between hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia?- : Tissue hypoxia can occur with normal arterial spo
- What does hyperventilation, which refers to increase alveolar ventilation result in: PaCO2 <35mmHg
- What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child with severe anemia?: may increase when dissolved oxygen is increased
- Which is true of increased CO2 tension in the arterial blood?: it may be caused by disordered control of breathing
- What happens when ventilation is inadequate?: CO2 levels rise and pH falls
- What is a critical sign of hypercarbia?: Decreased level of consciousness
- What can indicate mild respiratory distress?: What can indicate mild respiratory distress?
- Which of the following indicates severe respiratory distress?: marked tachypnea and/or apnea
- Which of the following statements about respiratory failure is
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- How is the sniffing position achieved in an infant or a child?: Ensure the external ear canal is anterior to the shoulder
- Where may padding be needed under a child 2 years and older to maintain an patent airway?: the occiput
- What actions are appropriate when providing 1 person bag mask ventila- tion?: Perform a head tilt, insert and oral airway, and squeeze the bag until chest rise
- What does the E-C clamp technique include?: using the third, fourth & fifth fingers of one hand along the jaw to lift it forward using the thumb and index finger of the same hand to hold the face mask
- When may a 2-person bag-max technique be preferable?: when making a seal is diflcult when there is significant airway resistance
- When suctioning a patient, which of the following should be monitored?: HR O2 saturation clinical appearance
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- What should you do to help reduce the risk of hypoxemia during suctioning?- : limit suction attempts to 10 seconds or less
- Under what circumstance should you use an oropharyngeal airway?: the child must me unconscious
- What can happen if the oropharyngeal airway is too large?: it can block the airway
- When measuring for an oropharyngeal airway, it should extend from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the: jaw
- The inspired oxygen concentration fo a low-flow oxygen delivery system is between % to %: 22 60
- The appropriate flow rate for a simple mask is to L/min: 6 10
- For a nonrebreathing mask to be effective, the oxygen flow rate must be at least L/min: 10
- High-flow oxygen systems reliably deliver an
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- When may pulse oximetry be inaccurate?: the displayed heart rate does not correlate with the child's heart rate
- An 8 month old boy is brought to the hospital by his parents. He has a hoarse cry and barking cough. His mother says that during the night, her son had difficulty breathing, which has progressively worsened throughout the day. The infant most likely has what type of respiratory emergency?: upper airway obstruc- tion
- According to the systematic approach algorithm, what are the correct as- sessments to perform during the evaluation phase?: initial, primary, secondary
- The infant is responsive and is breathing. What is an initial measure that you can perform to maintain his airway?: Sit him up
- What are the components of breathing assessment?: lung and airway sounds chest expansion and air movement oxygen saturation respiratory rate respiratory ettort
- When calculating the tube size based on the child's age, to
19 / 21 obstruction?: - Smooth muscle bronchial constriction mucus plugging
- When should administration of magnesium sulfate be considered in a child with asthma?: moderate to severe distress
- Which of the following are typical signs of lung tissue disease?: tachypnea & hypoxemia
- Which of the following is characterized by fluid accumulation in the alveoli and or insterstitium?: lung tissue disease
- Which interventions are helpful in the management of acute infectious pneumonia?: ABX therapy perform diagnostic assessments
- What is the first priority in managing lower airway obstruction?: restore adequate oxygenation
- Which of the following signs of disordered control of breathing?: variable RR decreased air movement shallow breathing
- What condition is characterized by signs of adequate carbon dioxide elimi- nation and hypoxemia: lung tissue disease
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- Which of the following are most commonly associated with disordered control of breathing?: neuro disorders drug overdose
- What intervention can reduce metabolic demand in a child with pneumo- nia?: treat the fever
- What are the characteristics of shock?: decreased level of consciousness inadequate peripheral perfusion decreased end-organ perfusion
- Which type of respiratory problem is most likely in a child with an altered level of consciousness and variable respiratory rate?: disordered control of breathing
- What is the most accurate definition of shock?: inadequate tissue perfusion
- What should you do before suctioning a child who has upper airway ob- struction?: determine the underlying cause of the obstruction
- If cardiac output is compromised, signed of poor perfusion will be even if blood pressure is normal: present
- Low blood pressure in children is defined as systolic
